Unswervingly implement the new development concept —— People in economic circles study and implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress.
Editor’s Note General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that on the basis of continuing to promote development, we should focus on solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, better meet people’s growing needs in economy, politics, culture, society and ecology, and better promote all-round development of people and all-round social progress. Recently, experts and scholars in the economic circles have seriously studied and understood the spirit of the report of the 19th National Congress. They said that they should further implement the new development concept and work hard to achieve the goal of building a modern economic system — —
Adapt to the transformation of major social contradictions
Luo laijun
According to the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. If we want to understand the main contradictions in our society, we need to accurately grasp the "change" and "unchanged" of the main contradictions in our society.
Under the strong leadership of the Party, China has steadily solved the problem of food and clothing for more than one billion people, achieved a well-off society on the whole, and will soon build a well-off society in an all-round way. People’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts higher demands on material and cultural life, but also increases demands on democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security and environment. At the same time, the level of China’s social productive forces has improved significantly on the whole, and the social productive capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The more prominent problem is the insufficient development imbalance, which has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. Therefore, at the present stage, the main contradiction in our society has changed and transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development.
While discussing the changes in the main contradictions in our society, we must also recognize some invariable factors of the main contradictions in our society. That is, the changes in the main contradictions in our society have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in China, the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed.
Therefore, in order to adapt to the changes of major social contradictions, we should continue to promote development, focus on solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, better meet people’s growing needs in economic, political, cultural, social and ecological aspects, and better promote people’s all-round development and social progress.
(The author is a researcher at the National Development and Strategy Institute of Renmin University of China and the Executive Dean of China Program Research Institute)
Deepen the structural reform of the supply side
Wu qi
According to the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, to build a modern economic system, we must focus on the real economy, take improving the quality of the supply system as the main direction, and significantly enhance China’s economic quality advantage.
The report of the 19th National Congress listed "deepening supply-side structural reform" as the primary task of "building a modern economic system", which further highlighted the position of supply-side structural reform in the current policy system and economic work.
Taking the supply-side structural reform as the main line, we must constantly accelerate the pace of conversion of old and new kinetic energy. On the one hand, it is necessary to speed up the cultivation and development of new formats, new models, new technologies and new products, and cultivate new growth points in the fields of high-end consumption, innovation leading, green and low-carbon, sharing economy, modern supply chain and human capital services. On the other hand, based on the needs of upgrading production and living consumption, we should promote traditional industries to improve their core competitiveness and added value, and develop towards quality improvement, green and low carbon, service optimization and high-end brands.
Taking the supply-side structural reform as the main line, we must continue to promote "three to one, one reduction and one supplement" and make substantial progress. From the perspective of de-capacity, we will combine de-capacity with structural adjustment and industrial transformation, and rely on marketization and rule of law to dispose of "zombie enterprises". From the point of view of destocking, we must continue to adhere to classified regulation and control, because of the city’s local policies. The destocking of hot cities should be adapted to the consumption upgrading of urban residents, and a housing system with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase should be established. From the perspective of deleveraging, efforts should be made to optimize the structure and improve the quality of leverage, and the deleveraging of state-owned enterprises should be the top priority. From the perspective of cost reduction, tax reduction and fee reduction will still be the main focus of the cost reduction work of enterprises in the real economy, and the focus will be on three aspects: continuing to promote the "reform of the camp", improving the list of local fees and clearing up government funds. Judging from the shortcomings, the focus is on increasing policy support in municipal and environmental protection infrastructure, employment and entrepreneurship, health care, and poverty alleviation.
Taking the supply-side structural reform as the main line, we must take "people-centered" as the starting point and focus. On the one hand, the world today is in a new tide of economic development, and entrepreneurs are the catalyst. To stimulate and protect entrepreneurship, we need to create a legal environment to protect the legitimate rights and interests of entrepreneurs, promote a market environment for entrepreneurs to compete fairly and operate with integrity, and respect and encourage entrepreneurs to start businesses, fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of entrepreneurs, and then drive more social subjects to innovate and start businesses. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the quality of workers in an all-round way to take the road of new industrialization and build a manufacturing power. Accelerate the cultivation of a large number of high-quality workers and talents with professional skills and craftsmanship, and promote the development of new kinetic energy and industrial upgrading, while driving the expansion of employment and poverty alleviation.
(The author is the director of the Commercial Bank Research Center of hengfeng bank Research Institute)
Firmly promote the innovation-driven strategy
Chen Wenling
According to the report of the 19th National Congress, innovation is the first driving force for development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. This means that innovation must be placed at the top of economic work, which is not only our strategic choice to build an innovative country, but also the "soul" of China’s economic construction and maintaining medium-to-high-speed sustainable development.
At present, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. To solve this contradiction, we must speed up the construction of an innovative country.
Building an innovative country is a strategic choice for China to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we must keep up with the times in theory, constantly understand the laws, and constantly innovate in theory, practice, system, culture and other aspects. This is the higher demand and higher realm of innovation put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary.
Accelerating the construction of an innovative country, theoretical innovation is a great force to open the window of thought and release dreams, which will give birth to more original, cutting-edge and subversive technologies; Practical innovation is the clarion call to inspire hundreds of millions of people’s creativity and entrepreneurship. In fact, practical innovation has been ahead of theoretical innovation since the reform and opening up, and it has become a part of China’s successful experience to condense and summarize practical innovation into new theories, strategies and policies. Institutional innovation is an institutional arrangement to ensure the further release of innovation kinetic energy, which is not only a fundamental reform to maintain innovation vitality in China, but also an inevitable requirement for the superstructure to adapt to the economic base and the development of productive forces, and it is also our real shortcoming now; Cultural innovation is the source of stimulating innovation inspiration and generating greater innovation power, and it is an inexhaustible source of transforming the accumulation of cultural essence and cultural connotation for thousands of years into soft resources and soft competitiveness.
As the "soul" of economic development, innovation can stimulate people’s inspiration as the first factor of productivity, stimulate people’s impulse to create wealth, and stimulate human capital’s greater creativity than monetary capital. In the future, we should unswervingly push forward the innovation-driven strategy, absorb all innovative elements to the maximum extent, and realize the goal of building an innovative country as soon as possible.
(The author is the chief economist of China International Economic Exchange Center and the deputy director of the academic committee of the Center.)
Rural development has a new direction.
Fan yi
The report of the 19th National Congress put forward a new development concept of "implementing rural revitalization strategy", which hit the key point of current rural development and pointed out the direction of rural development in the new era, which is a major strategic opportunity for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
The problem of farmers in agriculture and rural areas is a fundamental issue related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. To change the phenomenon of unbalanced urban and rural development and insufficient rural development, we need to do the following.
The first is to establish a mechanism for the two-way flow of urban and rural factors. In the past, factors of production, such as labor, capital and land, flowed unimpeded from rural areas to cities, whereas the flow of factors from cities to rural areas was subject to many institutional restrictions. At present, it is urgent to deepen the reform of collective property rights system and establish an institutional environment for rural open development. Under the background that rural areas continue to provide resources such as labor for urban development, it is even more necessary to break down the fence that prevents rural areas from absorbing urban resources.
The second is to promote the extension of urban infrastructure to the countryside. At present, there are still great differences in infrastructure between urban and rural areas in terms of gas, sewage and garbage disposal, which also limits the play of various resource advantages in rural areas. We should take the initiative to accelerate the extension of urban infrastructure to rural areas and fill in the shortcomings of rural development. The extension of urban infrastructure to rural areas is not to extend the appearance of high-rise buildings in cities to rural areas, but to promote the improvement of rural life quality and achieve high-quality development in rural areas on the basis of maintaining rural culture and customs.
The third is to speed up the process of rural revitalization with characteristic towns as the carrier. Rural revitalization needs a powerful leader and carrier, which concentrates and gathers rural beautiful environment, humanistic customs, historical culture and characteristic resources in space, promotes the development of characteristic industries, creates a unique town to carry industries and population, attracts the inflow of urban resource elements, undertakes the spillover of urban consumption, realizes the integration of towns and villages, and fundamentally enhances the endogenous development ability of villages.
Fourth, take the opportunity of urban and rural population mobility to revitalize rural idle resources. Rural population flowing into cities is the development trend. At the same time, more and more urban population want to go to the countryside to have a rest and experience life. There is a huge space for collective construction land. We should encourage all localities to make a fuss about the stock of collective construction land, improve the utilization efficiency and solve the problem of insufficient rural development.
(The author is the vice president and researcher of the Policy Research Institute of the Center for Urban and Small Town Reform and Development of the National Development and Reform Commission)
Construct a brand-new pattern of regional coordinated development
Rong xiwu
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that urban agglomerations should be the main body to build an urban pattern of coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns. This provides a "good prescription" for solving the problem of insufficient unbalanced development in China, which is conducive to promoting regional balance and urban-rural balance and filling the shortcomings of insufficient development of small and medium-sized cities and small towns.
In the process of promoting the construction of urban agglomerations, first, we should give full play to the coordinated development effect of urban agglomerations. Under the new situation of economic downturn and weak investment, compared with a single city, urban agglomerations can allocate resources from a wider range, resulting in a synergistic effect of "one plus one is greater than two", thus gaining greater competitive advantage. The establishment of urban agglomerations will help to break the restrictions of administrative divisions, achieve win-win cooperation in urban functional orientation and industrial development, achieve co-construction and sharing in public services and infrastructure construction, and achieve overall coordination in resource development and ecological environment construction.
The second is to promote the flow of resource elements in urban agglomerations. Accelerate the construction of 1-to 2-hour traffic circle and commuting circle between the central city of the urban agglomeration and the surrounding node cities, and between the surrounding important towns, so that the central city can be integrated with small and medium-sized cities and towns in the surrounding areas to form a more reasonable scale and structure. The allocation of public resources in urban agglomerations should be moderately inclined to small and medium-sized cities and towns, fill the shortcomings of the development of small and medium-sized cities and towns, gradually solve the problem of insufficient development of small and medium-sized cities and towns, attract rural population to settle down, and promote the healthy development of new urbanization.
The third is to deal with the relationship between large, medium and small cities within the urban agglomeration. Central cities, small and medium-sized cities and small towns within urban agglomerations have different division of labor in urban agglomerations, but they play an irreplaceable role. It is necessary to strengthen mutual cooperation and close ties between large, medium and small cities and small towns.
The fourth is to improve the openness and inclusiveness of urban agglomerations. Urban agglomeration economy is an open economy, which is characterized by the extroversion of central cities. In order to achieve healthy and rapid growth, urban agglomeration must have an open and inclusive economic, social, ecological and cultural environment, which not only attracts high-end elements and talents to concentrate and gather, but also enables them to do things with peace of mind and quickly integrate into the local area.
The formation of urban agglomeration is a natural and historical process. Therefore, the planning and construction of urban agglomerations should adhere to the market orientation, and not too much administrative intervention and administrative promotion.
(The author is the director of the Industrial Research Institute of the Center for Urban and Small Town Reform and Development of the National Development and Reform Commission)
China’s opening door will only get wider and wider.
Gu xueming
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that opening up brings progress, while closing down is bound to lag behind. China’s open door will not be closed, but will only get wider and wider. It is necessary to focus on the construction of the "Belt and Road", adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to bringing in and going out, follow the principle of joint construction and sharing, strengthen open cooperation in innovation capabilities, and form an open pattern of linkage between land and sea and mutual assistance between East and West. Expand foreign trade, cultivate new trade formats and models, and promote the construction of a strong trade country. We will implement a high-level trade and investment liberalization and facilitation policy, fully implement the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system, greatly relax market access, expand the service industry to the outside world, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment. This is another deepening and sublimation of the CPC Central Committee’s thought of opening to the outside world with the Supreme Leader as the core, and a brand-new interpretation of China’s opening-up strategy at the critical period when Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era.
The "new pattern of all-round opening" means that China’s opening road is broader and more specific. The "Belt and Road" construction is a major decision for China’s opening up. By promoting the "Belt and Road" international cooperation, we will strive to achieve policy communication, facility connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support, and create a new platform for international cooperation, which can provide a broader and more specific development path for China’s opening up.
"The new pattern of all-round opening up" means that China’s open environment is more free and convenient. Creating a legalized, international and convenient business environment has always been an important direction of our efforts. The new pattern of comprehensive opening needs a freer and more convenient open environment as a guarantee.
The "new pattern of all-round opening up" means that China’s opening up and development is more balanced and full. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that it is necessary to optimize the regional opening-up layout and increase the opening-up of the western region. This is closely combined with China’s regional coordinated development strategy and will effectively promote the sharing of open results throughout the country. At the same time, on the basis of maintaining the reasonable growth of foreign trade, China will effectively shift its development goals to quality and efficiency, and achieve more full development at a higher level and at a higher level.
China’s open door will not be closed, but will only get wider and wider. In the future, we should firmly grasp the new characteristics and requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, profoundly understand the new connotation of the new pattern of all-round opening up, adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, persist in opening the country to construction, and make unremitting efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. At the same time, we will constantly innovate foreign investment methods, promote international capacity cooperation, form a global trade, investment and financing, production and service network, and accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in international economic cooperation and competition.
(The author is Dean of the Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce)