Academic misconduct is exposed again in colleges and universities.

Recently, The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter received the news that a master’s degree thesis of Jilin University was caught in the embarrassment of suspected large-scale plagiarism. What was plagiarized was a master’s degree thesis of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

The Paper reporter downloaded these two master’s degree theses from China HowNet, namelyResearch on helicopter landing position measurement based on close-range photography by Zhu Xiaoxiao, a graduate of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring in mechanical manufacturing and automation in 2007.(hereinafter referred to as "Zhu Xiaoxiao’s Paper") andResearch on automatic measurement of helicopter landing position based on close-range photogrammetry and pattern recognition technology by Li Rui, a graduate of applied mathematics major in Jilin University in 2008.(hereinafter referred to as "Li Rui’s thesis").

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis was completed in March 2007, and Li Rui’s thesis was completed in April 2008, which was one year later than Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis.

After careful comparison, The Paper reporter found that,Most of the words in the two papers are almost identical. Li Rui’s paper is highly similar to Zhu Xiaoxiao’s except for the chapter "Pattern Recognition Theory and Its Algorithm Realization".

Li Rui’s thesis is divided into six chapters, five of which are highly consistent with Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis from title to chapter summary, and are almost verbatim copied from the original text. Even the "thank you" part at the end of the article copied Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper and used the same adjectives to describe the mentor’s elder demeanor and scholar charm. These words include "noble character", "rigorous scholarship", "profound knowledge" and "open mind".

On February 27th, Qu Jiawei, a staff member of the Propaganda Department of Jilin University Party Committee, said in an interview with The Paper that at present, he didn’t know about the alleged plagiarism of Li Rui’s paper, and he would report it to the relevant departments as soon as possible, which would be searched and verified by the relevant departments of the school, and pointed out that the school had a thorough and complete system for academic plagiarism. Qu Jiawei revealed at that time that because Jilin University was still on winter vacation, he would have to wait until the start of school to get a detailed understanding of the matter.

On March 14th, the reporter from The Paper called Qu Jiawei again, and he got the reply that he had not contacted the relevant departments on this matter. He suggested that the reporter could communicate with the academic degree office and other departments to report it.

The Paper reporter then again.Many times I contacted the Graduate School of Jilin University and the School of Mathematics of Jilin University, Li Rui’s postgraduate training unit, and I was told that I didn’t know and couldn’t cooperate to understand the situation. The reply given by the Academic Degree Office of Jilin University is that further investigation will be made after seeing the papers suspected of plagiarism.

The Paper reporter also contacted Li Rui’s master tutor and Professor Wu Tieru from the School of Mathematics, Jilin University. As of press time, The Paper reporter failed to get a reply from Wu Tieru.

The title, abstract and keywords are highly similar.

Judging from the title, abstract and keywords, there are many similarities between the two papers.

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is entitled "Research on Helicopter Landing Position Measurement Based on Close-range Photography" and Li Rui’s thesis is entitled "Research on Automatic Measurement of Helicopter Landing Position Based on Close-range Photography and Pattern Recognition". Although the latter has more keywords than the former, the research objects of the two papers overlap, that is, both have the part of "Research on Helicopter Landing Position Measurement Based on Close-range Photography".

The two abstracts are also highly similar in the content expression of "helicopter landing position measurement with close-range photography technology"

For example, the abstract of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper begins with: "At present, the measurement of helicopter landing position mainly depends on visual inspection, which has poor accuracy and harsh working environment, so a new measurement method is needed to replace visual inspection. In recent years, close-range photogrammetry technology has been widely used in all walks of life as a non-contact high-precision measurement method. "

Abstract of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "At present, the measurement of helicopter landing position mainly depends on visual inspection, which has poor accuracy and harsh working environment, so a new measurement method is needed to replace the visual inspection method. In recent years, close-range photogrammetry technology has been widely used in all walks of life as a non-contact high-precision measurement method. "

Abstract of Li Rui’s thesis

These two paragraphs are exactly the same except for a few words such as "so".

There is only one difference in the key words of the two papers. The key words of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper are less than those of Li Rui’s paper by "pattern recognition".

The whole chapter and paragraph of the text are not copied word for word.

Judging from the contents, the structures of the two papers are almost the same.

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is divided into five chapters, the titles of which are introduction, close-range photogrammetry theory, measurement algorithm and experimental research, construction of measurement system and field experimental research, summary and prospect.

Catalogue of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s papers

Li Rui’s thesis is divided into six chapters, except the fourth chapter "Pattern recognition theory and its algorithm realization" which is not found in Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis. The titles of the other five chapters are the same as Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis, which are "Introduction", "Close-range photogrammetry theory", "Measurement algorithm and experimental research", "Construction of measurement system and field experimental research" and "Summary and prospect" in turn.

Li Rui’s thesis catalogue

The Paper reporter found that the five chapters with the same title are similar in a large area from structure to specific text expression, and several paragraphs are even verbatim.

Taking the first chapter as an example, Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper wrote at the beginning of the section "Main research work of this paper": "In order to use close-range photogrammetry technology to collect the helicopter landing point, and achieve the purpose of high accuracy and convenient and safe measurement, the main problems studied in this paper include: the study of the basic principles of close-range photogrammetry technology (including collinear equation and direct linear transformation method); The influence of several factors on the measurement accuracy is investigated through experimental research. Compilation of measurement software system, construction of hardware system and field test research. "

The first chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "In order to combine close-range photogrammetry technology and image pattern recognition technology to realize the automatic acquisition of helicopter landing point, and achieve the purpose of high precision, convenient measurement and safety, the main problems studied in this paper include: (1) the study of the basic principles of close-range photogrammetry technology (including collinear equation and direct linear transformation method); The influence of several factors on the measurement accuracy is investigated through experimental research. The fuzzy image pattern recognition technology is preliminarily explored. Compilation of measurement software system, construction of hardware system and field test research. "

The first chapter of Li Rui’s thesis

Except for the addition of two words such as "image pattern recognition technology" and the addition of the word "automatic", these two paragraphs are almost the same, including the comments in brackets.

Taking the second chapter as an example, the two papers are highly similar from the beginning of the introduction, and discuss the basic knowledge of close-range photogrammetry theory, collinear condition equation and its processing method, direct linear transformation solution and so on in almost exactly the same language.

For example, the introduction of the second chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is: "Close-range photogrammetry theory is the basic theory used in this topic. This theory establishes the mapping relationship between the measured coordinate space and the photo coordinate space, which is a function of the relative positions of the two coordinate spaces and camera parameters. Through this mapping relationship, the internal and external elements of the camera can be calibrated and the position of the object can be measured. These two applications are a pair of opposite processes. The internal and external elements of the camera are calibrated by knowing the real space coordinates and the corresponding photo space coordinates to solve the camera parameters. The measurement of object position is to know the camera parameters and photo space coordinates to solve the real space coordinates. This chapter mainly introduces the principle of close-range photogrammetry. "

Chapter 2 of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "Close-range photogrammetry theory is one of the basic theories used in this topic. This theory establishes the mapping relationship between the measured coordinate space and the photo coordinate space, which is a function of the relative positions of the two coordinate spaces and camera parameters. Through this mapping relationship, the internal and external elements of the camera can be calibrated and the position of the object can be measured. These two applications are a pair of opposite processes. The internal and external elements of the camera are calibrated by knowing the real space coordinates and the corresponding photo space coordinates to solve the camera parameters. The measurement of object position is to know the camera parameters and photo space coordinates to solve the real space coordinates. This chapter mainly introduces the principle of close-range photogrammetry. "

The second chapter of Li Rui’s thesis

In these two paragraphs, Li Rui’s thesis is exactly the same as Zhu Xiaoxiao’s except for the word "one".

Take the third chapter of the two papers as an example. The contents of the whole chapter are highly overlapping, and the positions of broken lines of several paragraphs are consistent.

For example, in the small-scale three-dimensional space measurement experiment, Zhu Xiaoxiao wrote in the "experimental scheme": "For three-dimensional photogrammetry, the calibration point must have three-dimensional coordinates. In the experiment, a number of rod-shaped markers with a certain height are made, as shown in Figure 3.2(a), and the dot with a diameter of 2mm at the top of the marker is used as the calibration point. In order to construct a three-dimensional object coordinate system, a network graph paper is laid flat on the ground, and an xy plane is formed with two sides of the grid paper as the X and Y axes respectively, with the direction perpendicular to the ground as the Z direction and the upper left corner of the grid paper as the origin. The three-dimensional coordinate system is shown in Figure 3.2(b). Because the minimum scale of grid paper is 1mm, the position error of calibration point in X and Y direction is 0.5 mm.. By measuring the z-direction error is 1 mm. "

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "For three-dimensional photogrammetry, the calibration point must have three-dimensional coordinates. In the experiment, several rod-shaped markers with a certain height are made, as shown in Figure 3.2(a), and the dot with a diameter of 2mm at the top of the marker is used as the calibration point. In order to construct a three-dimensional object coordinate system, a network graph paper is laid flat on the ground, and an xy plane is formed with two sides of the grid paper as the X and Y axes respectively, with the direction perpendicular to the ground as the Z direction and the upper left corner of the grid paper as the origin. The three-dimensional coordinate system is shown in Figure 3.2(b). Because the minimum scale of grid paper is 1mm, the position error of calibration point in X and Y direction is 0.5 mm.. By measuring the z-direction error is 1 mm. "

There is no difference between the above two paragraphs. Not only are the experimental schemes exactly the same, but also the measured data and errors are completely consistent.

The fourth chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis systematically discusses the construction of measurement system and field test research. At the end of the chapter, the "experimental conclusion" wrote: "The field test results show that the measurement of landing point data based on close-range photography technology has achieved ideal accuracy, which is greatly improved compared with the visual method. During the measurement, because only one calibration is needed, the measurement can be repeated many times, so the measurement is convenient and efficient. At the same time, the remote control method is adopted to shoot, which greatly improves the measurement environment and makes the measurement safer. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is feasible to apply close-range photogrammetry technology to helicopter landing point data collection, which can not only achieve high precision, but also make the measurement more convenient and safe. "

Chapter 4 of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

The fifth chapter of Li Rui’s thesis also discusses the same content. The "test conclusion" is: "The field test results show that the measurement of landing point data based on close-range photography technology has achieved ideal accuracy, which is much higher than that of visual inspection method. During the measurement, because only one calibration is needed, the measurement can be repeated many times, so the measurement is convenient and efficient. At the same time, the remote control method is adopted to shoot, which greatly improves the measurement environment and makes the measurement safer. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is feasible to apply close-range photogrammetry technology to helicopter landing point data collection, which can not only achieve high precision, but also make the measurement more convenient and safe. "

Chapter 5 of Li Rui’s thesis

The two paragraphs are verbatim.

Take the fifth chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis and the sixth chapter of Li Rui’s thesis as examples. The titles are "Summary and Prospect". In the "summary" part of Li Rui’s paper, except for the sentence "The application of fuzzy pattern recognition in this study has achieved good results, which has solved the problem of automatic identification of landing points and improved the automation level of this study", the other words can be found in the "summary" content of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper.

The "outlook" part of the two chapters is also verbatim.

In Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper "Outlook", there are four aspects that should be broken through in the future. The first aspect is: "In theoretical research, this paper introduces the establishment and solution of collinear equation with linear error and collinear equation with nonlinear error, but for the sake of simplicity, this paper uses collinear equation with linear error. Therefore, in the future research, the collinear equation of nonlinear error should be studied, so that higher accuracy can be obtained. "

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "In theoretical research, this paper introduces the establishment and solution of collinear equation with linear error and collinear equation with nonlinear error, but for the sake of simplicity, this paper uses collinear equation with linear error. Therefore, in the future research, the collinear equation of nonlinear error should be studied, so that higher accuracy can be obtained. "

The above two paragraphs once again appear exactly the same expression.

In addition to the text, the similar parts of the two papers also include the "thank you" at the end of the article. The "thanks" in Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis and Li Rui’s thesis both begin with "three years of wonderful postgraduate career is coming to an end, and I will say goodbye soon …", both of which express that "I can’t help feeling deeply when I look back on various experiences in the past three years", and I want to express my sincere thanks to all those who have always cared for and supported me.

In addition, although the instructor of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is different from that of Li Rui’s thesis, both of them use the same adjectives to describe the mentor’s elder demeanor and scholar charm.

For example, Zhu Xiaoxiao wrote in his paper: "First of all, I sincerely thank my mentors Professor Wang Min and Professor Zuo Dunwen. The two tutors are noble in character, rigorous in scholarship, knowledgeable and open-minded, which embodies the demeanor of the elderly and the charm of scholars everywhere. In the process of topic selection, writing and project implementation, it is with the comprehensive and careful guidance of Professor Zuo Dunwen that the paper can be successfully completed. On the occasion of the completion of the thesis, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and high respect to the two tutors. "

Li Rui’s thesis is: "First of all, I sincerely thank Professor Wu Tieru. The tutor is noble in character, rigorous in scholarship, knowledgeable and open-minded, which reflects the demeanor of the elderly and the charm of scholars everywhere. In the process of topic selection, writing and project implementation, it is with the comprehensive and careful guidance of Professor Wu Tieru that the paper can be successfully completed. On the occasion of the completion of the thesis, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and high respect to the tutor. "

Except for the difference between individual words such as "loyalty" and "heartfelt" and the change of the tutor’s name, these two paragraphs are completely consistent.

It is worth noting that the two papers also thanked the same person, that is, "Teacher Yu Yaping in the laboratory".They all said that "Mr. Yu designed and manufactured the calibration objects needed for this topic, and provided a lot of guidance and help for the development of the experiment. I am especially grateful to Mr. Yu".

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper thanks

Li Rui’s paper thanks

The quotation "lost" one, and the picture and text "paid attention to one thing and lost another"

The Paper reporters also found that Li Rui’s paper made some low-level mistakes in several details due to carelessness in writing.

For example, "lost" a citation. The first citation in Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper appeared at the beginning of the first chapter "Introduction" and was marked as "[1]". When introducing the background of the project, Zhu Xiaoxiao wrote: "This project is entrusted by the Ship System Engineering Department of China Shipbuilding Corporation to develop a computer-aided design tool for its design department. [1]”

The second and third quotes appear at the end of the first paragraph of the section "Introduction to Photogrammetry" in the Introduction. The specific content is: "Among them, photogrammetry focuses on extracting geometric information, while remote sensing focuses on extracting physical information. That is to say, the process, science and technology of obtaining reliable geometric information of the earth, its environment and other objects from a non-contact imaging system through recording, measuring, analyzing and expressing. [2][3]”

The second and third citations in Li Rui’s paper are consistent with Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper. But The Paper reporter didn’t find the first citation in Li Rui’s paper.

This also means that the citation of Li Rui’s paper begins with "[2]".

Another place in Li Rui’s paper that "pays attention to one thing and loses the other" appears in the fifth chapter "Construction of measurement system and field test research". At the beginning of the "Error Analysis" section, it is mentioned that "As can be seen from Tables 4.2 and 4.3, the maximum average error of software measurement is 2.6cm, while the average error of visual measurement is 20.1cm…… …"

However, The Paper reporter did not find Table 4.2 and Table 4.3 in Li Rui’s paper. It is found in the context that Li Rui’s paper lists "Table 5.2 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera" and "Table 5.3 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera". The above data conclusions are also based on these two tables.

However, this is not a simple clerical error.

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s thesis

As can be seen from Table 4.2 and Table 4.3, the maximum average error of software measurement is 2.6cm, while the average error of visual measurement is 20.1cm…… … "is exactly the same in the" Error Analysis "in Chapter 4 of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper. However, Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper is consistent in picture and text, which lists "Table 4.2 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera" and "Table 4.3 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera".

Both papers have "original statements"

Although Li Rui’s thesis and Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis have a large area of similar words, both master’s degree theses have an Original Statement.

The original undertaking of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis states: "As far as I know, the research results of this dissertation do not contain any content that others enjoy copyright, except what has been quoted in the text. Other individuals and collectives who have contributed to the research work involved in this paper have been clearly identified in this paper. "

The original statement of Li Rui’s paper is consistent with that of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper. And in the original statement, there is Li Rui’s own autograph and the date of April 15, 2008.

Because the completion time is one year later than Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis, and Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis has a very clear subject background, that is, "this project is entrusted by the Ship System Engineering Department of China Shipbuilding Corporation to develop a computer-aided design tool for its design department", and Li Rui’s thesis, a master student of Jilin University, completed in April 2008, is suspected of copying Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis.

The Paper reporter noted that,The degree category of Li Rui’s thesis is quite special, that is, "Teachers in colleges and universities are studying for master’s degrees on the job".

The Paper learned from official website of Jilin University that in November, 2015, the Graduate School of Jilin University published the Measures for Handling the Behavior of Jilin University Graduate Students in Violation of Academic Norms in its official website. Article 8 stipulates that academic degree evaluation committee shall decide whether to revoke the degree and the corresponding qualifications of those who have obtained the degree in violation of academic norms. If a decision has been made to cancel the degree and graduate qualification, the training unit where it belongs will inform its work unit of the decision and file it in its personal file, and at the same time withdraw its degree certificate and graduation certificate. Article 10 stipulates that anyone who violates academic norms has violated relevant state laws and regulations, and will be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

　　On May 28th, the brand’s first miniature pure electric vehicle was officially launched. Previously, the car has been pre-sold, and the pre-sale price of 28,900 yuan is combined with the appearance and the current micro-electric vehicle market. From the point of view, FAW Pentium Pony is a model with good competitiveness. Today, Pentium Pony officially announced its listing in Xiamen. The new car has launched three models, and the official guide price is 26,900-31,900. At the same time, the brand also provides multiple gifts for car booking users.

　　Faw Pentium pony car purchase policy

　　This time, FAW Pentium Pony released a gift of 5-fold car purchase, and 0 yuan bought a pony, which was upgraded for 2 years. At the same time, it also released a family pet gift care+ pet for the family who bought the pony.

　　Review of faw Pentium pony models

　　FAW Pentium Pony is the first pure electric mini-car under the FAW Pentium brand. It has a three-door and four-seat body layout, and its appearance is small and lovely, which is very suitable for the aesthetics of young female users. The whole vehicle adopts the shape of a square box, and it is available in six appearance colors: Tiandai Green, Cheese White, Camellia Green, Peach Powder, Jasmine White and Bubble Blue. Bright body color matching.

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　　The new car has the same layout and appearance style in the interior, which basically belongs to the lovely style route. The design of the center console is light and thin, and with a large front windshield, the performance of the front view will be excellent. The steering wheel is made of foamed material, and the size is not large, and the grip is still good.

　　Almost all the control buttons in the car are concentrated in the center console, such as glass lifting buttons, air conditioning, radio adjustment, shift knob and so on. It is worth mentioning that the radio button layout of this set has been designed in the style of game controller, and I have to admire the designer’s brain hole. At the same time, the switch and brake pedal are also designed with game elements.

　　The new car has a 7-inch LCD dashboard, and the top model will have a reversing image. The seat is made of woven fabric. In configuration, the new car is equipped with Bluetooth, radio, manual air conditioner, 12V power supply and remote control. App remote control includes mobile phone remote unlocking, remote locking, one-click car search and flashing lights and horns. Safety configuration includes rear reversing radar, main airbag, tire pressure alarm, uphill assist, ABS+EBD, etc. It can be said that sparrows are small and complete.

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1. What is a rural homestead?

Rural homestead is the collective construction land used by rural villagers to build houses and ancillary facilities, including houses, ancillary houses and courtyards, excluding agricultural productive land connected with the homestead and land occupied by farmers beyond the homestead, such as Kugaji.

2. What kind of rural homestead belongs to in land classification?

According to different classification standards, the methods of land classification are different.

According to the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Land Management Law), according to the nature of land ownership, land is divided into state-owned land and land collectively owned by farmers, among which homestead belongs to farmers collectively. According to the classification of land use, land is divided into three categories: agricultural land, construction land and unused land. Among them, construction land refers to the land for building buildings and structures, including urban and rural residential and public facilities, industrial and mining land, transportation and water conservancy facilities, tourism land and military facilities. Therefore, in terms of land nature and use, rural homestead belongs to collective construction land.

According to the classification of land use status issued in 2017 (GB/T
21010-2017), the land is further divided into 12 categories, such as cultivated land, industrial and mining storage land, residential land, public management and public service land, transportation land and other land. Among them, the rural homestead belongs to residential land, and the rural road area belongs to transportation land.

3. Who owns the rural homestead?

Rural homestead belongs to the collective members.

Article 10 of the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that the land in rural areas and suburban areas belongs to the collective unless it is owned by the state according to the law; Homestead, private plots and private hills are also collectively owned.

Article 59 of the Property Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Property Law) stipulates that the real estate and chattels owned by rural collectives belong to the collective members.

4. Which subjects can collectively exercise the ownership of homestead on behalf of farmers?

Article 60 of the Property Law stipulates that if the collectively owned land belongs to the village farmers, the village collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective; Belonging to two or more farmers collectively in the village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups in the village collectively exercise ownership; Belonging to the collective ownership of township farmers, the township collective economic organizations shall exercise ownership on behalf of the collective.

The former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work, the Ministry of Finance and the former Ministry of Agriculture "Several Opinions on the Registration and Certification of Rural Collective Land Confirmation" (No.178 [2011] of the Ministry of Land and Resources) stipulates in the "Defining the Subject Representative of Rural Collective Land Ownership according to Law" that if it belongs to the collective ownership of village farmers, the village collective economic organization or villagers’ committee shall exercise the ownership entrusted by the collective members of the farmers; Belonging to two or more farmers collectively in the village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups in the village collectively exercise ownership; Belonging to the collective ownership of township farmers, the township collective economic organizations shall exercise ownership on behalf of the collective; There is no township (town) peasant collective economic organization, and the township (town) collective land ownership is managed by the township (town) government. In the process of land ownership registration, the representative of the farmers’ collective ownership shall apply for it. The specific requirements and forms of collective economic organizations can be determined by provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) according to local relevant regulations and actual conditions.

In December 2016, the Opinions on Steadily Promoting the Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System (Zhongfa [2016] No.37) issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council stipulated that rural collective economic organizations should collectively exercise the ownership of rural collective assets according to law. If no collective economic organizations are established, the villagers’ committees and villagers’ groups should collectively exercise the ownership respectively.

To sum up, the subjects who can exercise the ownership of homestead on behalf of the collective include four categories, namely, collective economic organizations (towns, villages and villages), villagers’ committees, villagers’ groups and township (town) governments (escrow).

5. What is "one household, one house"?

A rural villager can only own one homestead, and the area of his homestead shall not exceed the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. In areas where the per capita land is small and it is impossible to ensure that one household has a homestead, the people’s government at the county level can take measures to ensure that rural villagers can live in homes according to the standards stipulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government on the basis of fully respecting the wishes of rural villagers.

6. What are the basic characteristics of China’s current rural homestead system?

Homestead system is an important part of China’s characteristic land system, and its core is to safeguard the collective ownership of rural land and protect farmers’ basic living rights. Since the founding of New China, the institutional framework of rural residential land in China has basically taken shape through evolution. Its basic characteristics are: collective ownership, members’ use, one household and one house, limited area, free acquisition, long-term possession, planning control and internal circulation. This institutional arrangement has played an extremely important role in ensuring that rural households have homes and people do not lose their places, and has promoted rural economic development and social stability.

7. What are the basic contents of the current rural homestead property right system?

The basic content of the current homestead property right system is that farmers collectively own the homestead ownership, members of rural collective economic organizations have the right to use the homestead, and eligible farmers have the qualification to allocate the homestead.

8. What is the difference between a farm house and a commercial house?

Farmhouses are houses for villagers to live in rural areas, and the main differences from commercial houses are:

First, the nature of land is different: rural housing construction occupies collectively owned land, while commercial housing occupies state-owned construction land.

Second, the acquisition methods are different: only eligible members of rural collective economic organizations are allowed to apply for homestead construction for rural houses, while commercial houses are developed and constructed by enterprises with real estate development qualifications.

Third, the land use years are different: the current laws and policies do not specify the term of the right to use rural homesteads; The land use period of commercial housing land is generally 70 years. If the land use right expires, it will be automatically renewed.

Fourth, the trading conditions are different: rural houses can only be traded to members who meet the qualification of homestead distribution after approval within the village collective economic organizations, and cannot be mortgaged; Commercial housing can be sold, leased and mortgaged in the market, and the transaction is free.

9. At present, what are the main laws and policies of the country on rural residential land?

At present, the state has no special laws and regulations on the management of rural homestead, and the relevant laws and regulations include the Constitution, the Land Administration Law, the Property Law, the Guarantee Law, the Urban and Rural Planning Law, and the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate.

The State Council of the CPC Central Committee issued a series of policy documents, the main ones are: No.1 document of the Central Committee, the State Council’s request for instructions on strengthening the management of rural residential land issued by the State Bureau of Land Management (Guo Fa [1990] No.4), and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the State Council’s notice on further strengthening land management and effectively protecting cultivated land (Zhong Fa [1997] No.11). Notice of General Office of the State Council on Strengthening Land Transfer Management and Prohibiting Land Speculation (No.39 [1999] of Guo Ban Fa), Decision of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management (No.28 [2004] of Guo Fa), Notice of the State Council on Promoting Economical and Intensive Land Use (No.3 [2008] of Guo Fa), Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead.

A series of departmental rules and normative documents issued by relevant administrative departments in the State Council, For example, Notice of the State Bureau of Land Management on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions on Determining Land Ownership and Use Right ([1995] Guo Tu Zi No.26), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Printing and Distributing Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2004] No.234), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Improving the Management System of Rural Homestead and Effectively Safeguarding Farmers’ Rights and Interests (. Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Administration on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of the Right to Use Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2014] No.101), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2016] No.191), Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Management of Rural Homestead (No.6 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs).

All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have formulated local laws, regulations and management documents in accordance with the requirements of laws and the central authorities and based on local conditions, which together constitute the current legal and policy system for rural residential land.

10. What development and evolution has the rural homestead system undergone?

The evolution of rural homestead system since the founding of New China is marked by reform and opening up, the promulgation of property law and the revision of land management law, which can be divided into four stages.

The first stage was from 1949 to 1978, when collective ownership was gradually established. The 1954 Constitution stipulated the ownership of farmers’ homestead. In 1962, the draft amendment to the working regulations of rural people’s communes (namely, "Article 60 of the People’s Commune") stipulated that the homestead was owned by the production team and was not allowed to be rented or bought or sold.

The second stage is from 1978 to 2007, the stage of strict management of homestead. In February, 1982, the State Council issued "Regulations on the Management of Land for Building in Villages and Towns", which put forward the requirement of homestead quota and stipulated the legality of obtaining homestead for specific urban residents. In April 1997, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on Further Strengthening Land Management and Effectively Protecting Cultivated Land, and put forward the requirement of "one household, one house" in the form of a central document for the first time. The land management law revised in 1998 deleted the provisions of the 1986 land management law on the use of collective land by urban non-agricultural registered permanent residence residents to build houses; It stipulates "one household, one house and limited area", that is, "a rural villager can only own one homestead, and the area of its homestead shall not exceed the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government". In May 1999, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Land Transfer and Prohibiting Land Speculation, which prohibited urban residents from purchasing homesteads in rural areas for the first time.

The third stage is from 2007 to 2018, the stage of reform, empowerment and capacity expansion. The Property Law promulgated in March 2007 made it clear that the right to use homestead is usufructuary right. In December 2014, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market and the Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform, and deployed and carried out the pilot reform of rural homestead system. In 2018, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to explore the "separation of three powers" of the ownership, qualification and use right of the homestead, which marked a new stage of the reform and exploration of the homestead system.

The fourth stage is the standardized management stage of homestead since 2019. In August 2019, the 12th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee made the third amendment to the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China. In the newly revised land management law, the homestead distribution system of one household, one house and one home is defined, and the village planning system of making overall and reasonable arrangements for homestead land is defined; It is clear that the homestead is approved by the township (town) people’s government, and it can be voluntarily withdrawn with compensation according to law, encouraging the active use of idle homesteads and idle houses, and the new homestead management system in which the agricultural and rural authorities in the State Council are responsible for the reform and management of rural homesteads nationwide. The newly revised land management law marks that the management of rural residential land in China has entered a new era of standardized management, from management institutions and system design to policy guidance, supervision and inspection.

11. What do the three system reforms of rural land mean?

The reform of three systems of rural land refers to the rural land expropriation, the entry of collective construction land into the market and the pilot reform of homestead system.

In December 2014, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Rural Land Expropriation, Entry of Collective Construction Land into the Market, and Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform (No.71 [2014] of the Central Office), and deployed the pilot work of three rural land system reforms throughout the country. The main objectives of the reform are: to improve the rural land expropriation system with standardized procedures, reasonable compensation and multiple guarantees, the rural collective management construction land entry system with the same rights and prices, smooth circulation and revenue sharing, and the rural homestead system with fair acquisition, economical and intensive use and voluntary and paid withdrawal according to law. Explore the formation of replicable and scalable reform results, and provide support for scientific legislation and revision and improvement of relevant laws and regulations.

In February 2015, the 13th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and passed the Decision on Authorizing the State Council to Temporarily Adjust and Implement Relevant Legal Provisions in the Administrative Regions of 33 Pilot Counties (cities, districts) including Daxing District, Beijing, authorized the suspension of the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the pilot areas, and started the pilot work of three rural land systems reform, with a total of 33 pilot counties in China.

List of 33 pilot counties (cities, districts): Daxing District of Beijing, Jixian County of Tianjin, Dingzhou City of Hebei Province, Zezhou County of Shanxi Province, Helinger County of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Haicheng City of Liaoning Province, Jiutai District of Changchun City of Jilin Province, Anda City of Heilongjiang Province, Songjiang District of Shanghai, Wujin District of Changzhou City of Jiangsu Province, Yiwu City of Zhejiang Province, Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, Jinzhai County of Anhui Province, Jinjiang City of Fujian Province. Yicheng City in Hubei Province, Liuyang City in Hunan Province, Nanhai District in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Beiliu City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wenchang City in Hainan Province, Dazu District in Chongqing City, Pixian County in Sichuan Province, Luxian County in Sichuan Province, Meitan County in Guizhou Province, Dali City in Yunnan Province, Qushui County in Xizang Autonomous Region Province, Gaoling District in Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province, Longxi County in Gansu Province, Huangyuan County in Qinghai Province, Pingluo County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Yining City in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

12. How about the pilot reform of rural homestead system?

In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which clarified the objectives and tasks of rural homestead system reform. The main contents are: safeguarding farmers’ homestead usufructuary rights, reforming and improving rural homestead system, selecting several pilot projects, prudently and steadily promoting the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ housing property rights, and exploring channels for farmers to increase property income; Establish rural property rights transfer trading market, and promote the open, fair and standardized operation of rural property rights transfer transactions.

According to the Opinions of General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market, and the Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform, the main contents of reforming and perfecting the rural homestead system are "two explorations and two improvements", namely, improving the way to protect and obtain the rights and interests of the homestead, exploring the paid use system of the homestead, exploring the voluntary paid withdrawal mechanism of the homestead, and improving the management system of the homestead. In 2019, the mature experience gained from the pilot reform of rural homestead system was reflected in the newly revised land management law. However, some deep-seated contradictions and problems in the homestead system still exist because of the short time, insufficient content and small coverage of the pilot project and insufficient reform and exploration.

In 2019, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "steadily and cautiously promoting the reform of rural homestead system, expanding the reform pilot, enriching the pilot content and improving the system design." In 2020, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "further deepening the pilot reform of rural homestead system with the focus on exploring the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead." In accordance with the requirements of the central government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs took the lead in formulating a new round of pilot program for the reform of the rural homestead system, which will be deployed after being approved by the central government.

13. What is the rural "two rights" mortgage pilot?

The rural "two rights" mortgage pilot project refers to the pilot work of rural contracted land (referring to cultivated land) management rights and farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans.

In order to further deepen rural financial reform and innovation, increase financial support for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", guide the orderly circulation of rural land management rights, and prudently and steadily promote the pilot of mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ housing property rights, in August 2015, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Piloting the Management Rights of Rural Contracted Land and Mortgage Loans for Farmers’ Housing Property Rights (Guo Fa [2015] No.45), and deployed the management rights of rural contracted land (referring to cultivated land).

In December 2015, the 18th session of the 12th the NPC Standing Committee passed the Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on authorizing the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement relevant laws and regulations in the administrative regions of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing and 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County in Tianjin, and authorized the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the administrative regions of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing. In the administrative areas of 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County, Tianjin, the provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Property Law and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Guarantee Law that the right to use collectively-owned homesteads shall not be mortgaged were temporarily adjusted and implemented.

List of 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) for mortgage loans of farmers’ housing property rights: Jixian County, Tianjin; Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province; Helinger County, Wulanhaote City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Tieling County, kaiyuan city City, Liaoning Province; Jiutai District, Changchun City, Jilin Province; Lindian County, founder county and Dorbert Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province; Wujin District, Yizheng City, Sihong County, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Yueqing City, qingtian county City, Zhejiang Province. Jinzhai County in Anhui Province, Xuanzhou District in Xuancheng City, Jinjiang City, Gutian County, Shanghang County and shishi city City in Fujian Province, yujiang county County, Huichang County and Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province, Feicheng City, Tengzhou City and Wenshang County in Shandong Province, hua county and lankao county in Henan Province and Hubei Province.yicheng city
Jiangxia District of Wuhan City, Liuyang City, leiyang city City and Mayang Miao Autonomous County of Hunan Province, Wuhua County and Lianzhou City of Guangdong Province, Tianyang County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wenchang City and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County of Hainan Province, jiangjin district, Kaixian County and Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County of Chongqing City, Pengshan District of Luxian County, Pixian County and Meishan City of Sichuan Province, Jinsha County and Meitan County of Guizhou Province and Dali City of Yunnan Province.

14. What does the "separation of powers" of homestead mean?

In 2018, the No.1 document of the Central Committee, Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy, proposed in the "Deepening the Reform of Rural Land System" to explore the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homesteads, implement collective ownership of homesteads, guarantee farmers’ qualification rights and farmers’ housing financial rights, and moderately liberalize homesteads and farmers’ housing use rights.

In 2020, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "further deepening the pilot reform of rural homestead system with the focus on exploring the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead." According to the requirements of the central government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will take the lead in organizing pilot projects, expand the scope of the pilot projects, enrich the pilot contents, improve the system design, explore ways to improve the system of homestead distribution, circulation, mortgage, withdrawal, use, income, approval and supervision around the "separation of ownership, qualification and use rights", and summarize a number of institutional innovations that can be replicated, promoted, benefit people’s livelihood and benefit the law.

Part II Acquisition of Homestead

15. Under what circumstances can rural villagers apply for homestead?

According to the land management law, combined with the relevant provisions of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) on the management of homestead, rural villagers may apply for homestead on a household basis in any of the following circumstances:

(1) No homestead;

(2) the existing homestead is lower than the household standard because of the children’s marriage and other reasons;

(3) the current housing affects the township (town) village construction planning and needs to be relocated and rebuilt;

(4) in line with the policy, the village collective organization has moved into the village and settled as a full member, and there is no homestead in the country of origin;

(5) Relocation due to natural disasters or avoiding geological disasters.

Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) have other provisions on the conditions for farmers to apply for homestead, and should also meet other conditions. 16. Who is the subject of rural homestead approval?

Article 62 of the Land Management Law stipulates that rural villagers’ residential land shall be examined and approved by the township (town) people’s government; Among them, those involving the occupation of agricultural land shall go through the examination and approval procedures in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of this Law. Article 44 stipulates that if the land occupied by construction involves the conversion of agricultural land into construction land, the examination and approval procedures for the conversion of agricultural land shall be handled.

In order to improve the examination and approval mechanism of rural residential land, the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Management of Rural Residential Land (Nongjingfa [2019] No.6) clearly stipulates that township governments should explore the establishment of a joint examination and joint office system for rural residential land construction with external acceptance and multi-departmental internal linkage operation, so as to facilitate farmers’ work. According to the results of the joint examination of agriculture, rural areas, natural resources and other departments, the township government will examine and approve the application for farmers’ homestead, and issue the Approval Letter for Rural Homestead, encouraging local governments to issue rural construction planning permits together with towns and villages, and make them public in an appropriate way. 17. What is the approval procedure for rural homestead application?

The allocation of rural homestead shall be implemented by farmers’ application, village group audit and township approval. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing the Management of Rural Homestead Approval (Nongjingfa [2019] No.6), the process of applying for homestead approval includes the application of farmers, the discussion and publicity by villagers’ groups, the material review by village-level organizations, the review by township departments, the examination and approval by township governments, and the issuance of letters of approval for homesteads. The specific process is shown in the figure below. If there are no separate villagers’ groups or the application for homestead and building has been handled by village-level organizations, farmers will apply directly to the village-level organizations, which will be discussed and approved by the villagers’ representative meeting and publicized within the scope of the collective economic organization, and then submitted to the township government for approval.

Approval process of rural villagers’ homestead application

18. Can farmers use agricultural land for building houses?

Farmers can use agricultural land when building houses in line with the planning conditions, but they must go through the formalities of agricultural land conversion in advance according to law. Where agricultural land is converted into construction land, in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of the Land Management Law, agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland is converted into construction land for the implementation of the plan within the scope of construction land for cities, villages and market towns determined in the overall land use plan, and it shall be approved by the organ that originally approved the overall land use plan or its authorized organ in batches according to the annual land use plan; Within the approved scope of agricultural land conversion, it can be specifically approved by the people’s government of the city or county. The conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land beyond the scope of construction land in cities, villages and market towns determined in the overall land use planning shall be approved by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government authorized by the State Council or the State Council. Permanent basic farmland to construction land, approved by the State Council.

On March 12, 2020, the State Council issued the Decision on the Authorization and Entrustment of Land Use Approval Authority (Guo Fa [2020] No.4), which on the one hand authorized the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland that the State Council can authorize into construction land. In accordance with the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 44 of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council authorizes the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land in batches within the scale of construction land in the State Council. According to the fourth paragraph of Article 44 of the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council authorizes the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land beyond the scope of construction land in cities, villages and market towns determined by the overall land use planning. On the other hand, the conversion of permanent basic farmland into construction land and the approval of land expropriation in the State Council are entrusted to the people’s governments of some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval. The first batch of pilot provinces are Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong and Chongqing, and the pilot period is one year. 19. After transferring the homestead, can farmers apply for the homestead again?

According to the provisions of Article 62 of the Land Management Law, rural villagers who sell, lease or donate their houses and then apply for homestead shall not be approved.

20. What is the nature of the right to use rural homestead?

The right to use the homestead is a usufructuary right. Chapter XIII of Part III of the Property Law "usufructuary right" is devoted to regulating the right to use homestead, among which Article 152 stipulates that "the owner of homestead right has the right to possess and use collectively owned land according to law, and has the right to use the land to build houses and ancillary facilities according to law".

21. Can farmers who settle in cities continue to retain the right to use their homesteads?

Farmers who settle in cities can retain their legally acquired right to use the homestead according to law.

According to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Adhering to Priority Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Doing a Good Job in" Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers "(Zhongfa [2019] No.1)," Insist on safeguarding farmers’ land rights and interests, and do not take withdrawing contracted land and homestead as the condition for farmers to settle in cities ",farmers who settle in cities cannot be forced to give up their legally obtained right to use homestead. Prior to this, the Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2016] No.191) stipulated that "after farmers settle in the city, their legally acquired homestead use rights should be registered." 22. Can rural homesteads and farmhouses be inherited?

Rural homestead cannot be inherited, and rural houses can be inherited according to law.

Rural homestead ownership, homestead use right and house ownership are separated, homestead ownership belongs to farmers’ collective, and homestead use right and house ownership belong to farmers. The right to use the homestead takes the household as the unit and enjoys the right to occupy and use the homestead according to law. In the case of the death of a member in the house and the existence of farmers, the problem of homestead inheritance does not occur. When farmers die, the subject of rights no longer exists and the right to use the homestead is lost. At the same time, according to the relevant provisions of the inheritance law, the house of the decedent is inherited by the heir as his inheritance. Because the premises can’t be separated, the heirs can use the homestead according to law after inheriting the house and obtaining the ownership of the house, but they don’t obtain the usufructuary right to use the homestead.

23. What is the "integrated real estate" title deed?

The property right certificate of "integration of real estate and premises" is the proof of the ownership of real right. According to the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate, and the Code of Practice for the Registration of Real Estate (for Trial Implementation), the rural homestead, collective construction land and the buildings and structures on it will be uniformly issued after unified ownership investigation and ownership registration.
Certificate of immovable property right of "integration of real estate and premises" 24. What materials do I need to submit for the "property-integrated" property right certificate?

To apply for the first registration of the right to use the homestead and the ownership of the house, the following materials shall be submitted according to different situations: (1) the applicant’s ID card and household registration book; (two) the ownership certificate of real estate or the document of the people’s government that has the right to approve the land use and other ownership source materials; (3) Relevant materials that the house conforms to the planning or construction; (four) the title questionnaire, land map, house plan and land boundary point coordinates and other materials related to the boundary and area of real estate; (5) Other necessary materials.

Where the right to use the homestead and the ownership of the house have been transferred due to inheritance according to law, division of property, exchange of houses within collective economic organizations, etc., the applicant shall submit the following materials according to different circumstances: (1) Certificate of ownership of real estate or other sources of ownership; (2) Materials inherited according to law; (3) agreements or materials on the division of property: (4) agreements on the exchange of houses within collective economic organizations; (5) Other necessary materials. 25. How to confirm the registration of the historical excessive occupation of homestead?

According to the former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work, the Ministry of Finance and the former Ministry of Agriculture, "Several Opinions on the Registration and Certification of Rural Collective Land Ownership" (No.178 [2011] of the Ministry of Land and Resources), according to different historical stages, the over-sized homestead was registered and certified.

Before the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Land for Building in Villages and Towns in 1982, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers for building has not expanded its land area since the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Land for Building in Villages and Towns, it can be registered for confirmation according to the existing actual use area;

From the implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Land for Building in Villages and Towns in 1982 to the implementation of the Land Management Law in 1987, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers for building houses exceeds the local area standard, after the excess part is handled according to the relevant national and local regulations at that time, it can be registered according to the actual use area;

After the implementation of the Land Management Law in 1987, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers exceeds the local area standard, the ownership registration shall be carried out according to the actual approved area. If the area exceeds the local standard, the area exceeding the standard can be indicated in the land register and the note column of the land title certificate. When the household building or the existing house is demolished, rebuilt, renovated or rebuilt, and the government implements the planning and reconstruction according to law, it will be dealt with according to the relevant regulations, and the ownership registration will be re-registered according to the local standard. Part III Utilization of Homestead 26. What are the main ways to make use of idle homesteads and idle houses?

The factors such as location conditions, resource endowment, environmental capacity, industrial base and historical and cultural heritage should be considered as a whole, and the rural idle homesteads and idle houses should be selected for active utilization. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019]), there are mainly the following ways to revitalize the utilization:

First, use idle houses to develop new industries and new formats such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism, catering and lodging, cultural experience, creative office, e-commerce and so on.

The second is to use idle houses to develop agricultural products cold chain, primary processing, warehousing and other first, second and third industries integration development projects.

Third, by means of consolidation, reclamation and greening, we will carry out the renovation of rural idle homesteads, make use of policies such as linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land according to laws and regulations, and entering the market with collective construction land, so as to provide land and other factors for farmers to build houses, rural construction and industrial development. 27. What are the main bodies of idle homesteads and idle houses?

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) proposes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of various subjects in accordance with the law and promote the formation of a good situation of multi-participation and win-win cooperation. The main body of active utilization mainly includes the following three categories:

First, rural collective economic organizations and their members. On the premise of fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of farmers’ homesteads, support rural collective economic organizations and their members to revitalize and utilize rural idle homesteads and idle houses in various ways such as self-employment, leasing, shareholding and cooperation. Encourage rural collective economic organizations with certain economic strength to make unified use of idle homesteads and idle houses.

The second is returnees. Support returnees to rely on their own and idle houses to develop suitable rural industrial projects. "Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Supporting Entrepreneurial Innovation of Returned Rural Workers to Promote the Integrated Development of Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries" (Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.84) puts forward that "supporting returned rural workers to develop farmhouse music by relying on their own and idle farmhouses. Under the premise of complying with the rural homestead management regulations and related plans, people returning to the countryside and farmers are allowed to cooperate to rebuild their own houses. "

The third is social enterprises. Guide enterprises with strength, willingness and responsibility to participate in the revitalization and utilization of idle homesteads and idle houses in an orderly manner. 28. What are the support policies to encourage the active use of idle homesteads?

First, financial rewards and subsidies. Co-ordinate arrangements for relevant funds, for rural idle homestead and idle residential use incentives, subsidies, etc.

Second, financial innovation supports the revitalization and utilization of projects. When conditions are ripe, local government special bonds will be issued to support rural idle homesteads and idle residential projects. Promote the innovation of financial credit products and services, and provide support for the revitalization and utilization of rural idle homesteads and idle houses.

The third is the social promotion of resource projects. Combined with rural tourism conference, agricultural carnival, agricultural fair and other activities, to promote rural idle homestead and idle residential resources to the society.

29. How to steadily promote the pilot demonstration of the revitalization and utilization of idle homesteads?

All localities, in light of the actual situation, selected a number of areas that local party committees and governments attach importance to, rural collective economic organizations are sound, rural residential land management is standardized, rural industries have a foundation, and farmers have high enthusiasm, and orderly carried out pilot demonstrations on the revitalization and utilization of rural idle residential land and idle houses. Highlight the characteristics of rural industries, integrate resources, and create a number of models for the revitalization and utilization of homestay (farmhouse) concentrated villages, rural tourism destinations, family workshops, and handicraft workshops. Summarize a batch of replicable and popularized experience models, explore a set of standardized and efficient operation mechanism and management system, and gradually push them away.

30. How to regulate the active use of idle homesteads according to law?

Further strengthen the management of homestead, standardize the utilization mode, business industry, lease term, transfer object, etc., to prevent encroachment on cultivated land, large-scale demolition and construction, and illegal development, and ensure that idle rural homestead and idle houses that are revitalized are obtained according to law and have clear ownership.

We must resolutely stick to the bottom line of laws and policies, and must not illegally recover the homestead legally obtained by farmers, and must not illegally buy or sell homesteads in disguise. It is strictly forbidden to use rural homesteads to build villa courtyards and private clubs in the countryside.

For the use of idle houses to develop homestays and other projects, in accordance with the requirements of Document No.1 of the Central Committee in 2018, measures such as facilitating market access and strengthening post-event supervision in areas such as fire protection and special industry operations should be studied and promoted as soon as possible.

31. What are the rules for developing homestays and using farmers’ farmhouses?

According to the Basic Requirements and Evaluation of Tourist Homes issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2019 (LB/T
065—2019), tourist B&B refers to small accommodation facilities that use local residential and other related idle resources, with no more than 4 floors of business rooms and no more than 800 square meters of construction area, and the host participates in the reception, providing tourists with experience of local nature, culture and production and lifestyle, and can be divided into urban B&B and rural B&B.. The business site of tourist homestays shall conform to the overall land and space planning of this city and county (including the current overall urban planning and land use planning) and the relevant planning for the development of local homestays. Operating a homestay should comply with the relevant regulations and requirements of public security, fire protection, sanitation, environmental protection and safety, and obtain the relevant licenses required by the local government. Some places, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hainan, etc., have issued policy documents according to local conditions, and made specific provisions on the development of homestays by using rural houses to promote the sustainable and healthy development of rural homestays.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that village collectives and farmers are encouraged to make full use of idle homesteads and idle houses, and develop farmhouse music, homestays and rural tourism according to laws and regulations through independent operation, cooperative operation and entrusted operation. Urban residents, industrial and commercial capital, etc. who rent farmhouses to live or operate shall strictly abide by the provisions of the contract law, and the term of the lease contract shall not exceed 20 years. After the expiration of the contract, both parties may make another agreement. 32. How to promote the economical and intensive use of homestead?

According to the provisions of the Land Management Law, rural villagers should build houses in accordance with the overall land use planning and village planning of townships (towns), and should not occupy permanent basic farmland, and try to use the original homestead and village Uchikoga.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) further requires that the land used for homesteads should be rationally arranged, and the occupation of agricultural land by new homesteads should be strictly controlled, and permanent basic farmland should not be occupied; Involving the occupation of agricultural land, it shall go through the formalities for the conversion of agricultural land in advance according to law. Villages outside the scale of urban construction land should increase the homestead space by giving priority to new construction land planning indicators, village renovation, and vacating abandoned homesteads to meet the housing needs of farmers who meet the conditions of homestead allocation. Within the scale of urban construction land, farmers’ housing needs can be met by building farmers’ apartments and farmers’ residential quarters. 33. Can rural homesteads and farmers’ houses be mortgaged?

In addition to the pilot areas authorized by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) to carry out mortgage loans for farmers’ housing property rights, rural homesteads and rural houses in other places cannot be mortgaged.

Article 184 of the Property Law stipulates that the right to use collectively-owned land, such as cultivated land, homestead, private plot and private plot, shall not be mortgaged, except as stipulated by law. Article 37 of the Guarantee Law stipulates that collectively owned land use rights such as cultivated land, homestead, private plots and private plots cannot be mortgaged.

At the same time, Article 182 of the Property Law stipulates that if a building is mortgaged, the right to use the construction land occupied by the building shall be mortgaged together. Where the right to use construction land is mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall be mortgaged together. That is to say, China implements the principle of "integration of real estate and premises", because the right to use the homestead cannot be mortgaged, resulting in the fact that the rural houses on it cannot be mortgaged.

The fourth part of the homestead circulation

34. What are the ways to transfer the right to use the homestead?

The transfer mode of homestead use right includes transfer and lease. 35. What conditions must be met for the transfer of the right to use rural residential land?

The transfer of the right to use the homestead must be carried out within the village collective economic organization with the consent of the owner of the homestead, and the transferee must be a rural villager who meets the application conditions of the homestead. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall meet other requirements for the transfer of homestead at the same time. 36. Can urban residents buy homesteads in rural areas?

I can’t.

The State Council’s Decision on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management (Guo Fa [2004] No.28) clearly stipulates that urban residents are prohibited from purchasing homestead in rural areas. The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) requires that "Homestead is the basic living guarantee for rural villagers, and it is strictly forbidden for urban residents to buy homesteads in rural areas, and it is strictly forbidden to use rural homesteads to build villa compounds and private clubs in rural areas. It is strictly forbidden to occupy or buy or sell homesteads in violation of laws and regulations in the name of circulation. "

37. What is the longest period for renting a farm house?

Article 214th of the Contract Law stipulates that the lease term shall not exceed 20 years. More than twenty years, the excess part is invalid. Upon the expiration of the lease term, the parties may renew the lease contract, but the agreed lease term shall not exceed 20 years from the date of renewal.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that urban residents, industrial and commercial capital and other rented farmhouses must strictly abide by the provisions of the contract law, and the term of the lease contract shall not exceed 20 years. After the expiration of the contract, both parties may make another agreement. The fifth part of the homestead withdrawal 38. Under what circumstances can the village collective recover the farmer’s homestead?

Under any of the following circumstances, the village collective may recover the right to use the homestead with the approval of the people’s government that originally approved the land use:

(1) If the township (town) village needs to use land for the construction of public facilities and public welfare undertakings, it shall collectively recover the right to use the homestead and give appropriate compensation to the right holder of the homestead;

(2) not using the homestead in accordance with the approved purposes;

(3) Stop using the homestead due to cancellation, relocation and other reasons;

(4) Idle or houses collapse, and the homestead that has not been restored for more than two years is demolished, and the land use right is no longer determined. If the right to use has been determined, it shall be reported by the collective to the people’s government at the county level for approval, and its land registration shall be cancelled and the right to use the homestead shall be collectively recovered;

(5) Non-agricultural registered permanent residence residents (including overseas Chinese) whose original homestead in rural areas has no change in housing property rights can determine their collective construction land use rights according to law. If the reconstruction is not approved after the house is demolished, the right to use the homestead shall be collectively recovered;

(6) When determining the right to use rural residents’ homestead, if the area exceeds the standard set by the local government, the number exceeding the standard area can be indicated in the land registration card and the warrant. In the future, when building houses by households or existing houses are demolished, rebuilt or rebuilt, or the government implements planning and reconstruction according to law, the right to use shall be re-determined according to the area standard stipulated by the local government, and the right to use shall be recovered by the collective;

(7) Other circumstances stipulated by the local government. 39. What are the provisions for voluntary and paid withdrawal of rural homestead?

Article 62 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the state allows rural villagers who have settled in cities to voluntarily withdraw from their homesteads with compensation according to law, and encourages rural collective economic organizations and their members to make active use of idle homesteads and idle houses.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that rural villagers who have settled in cities can raise funds through various channels and explore ways to encourage them to voluntarily withdraw from their homesteads. 40. What is the procedure for farmers to withdraw from the homestead?

In the pilot exploration of homestead system reform, farmers’ withdrawal from homestead mainly includes the following steps: farmers submit a written application, village audit, professional institutions evaluate the value, farmers sign an agreement with village collectives, farmers get compensation, and county-level authorities change registration.

41. Can farmers apply again after voluntarily withdrawing from the homestead?

Judging from the pilot exploration of homestead system reform, some pilot areas distinguish the withdrawal of homestead and determine whether to continue to apply, mainly including the following situations:

One is to quit completely. Voluntary paid withdrawal from the legal occupation of homestead, and no longer retain the eligibility for the right to use homestead, can not apply again. In this case, farmers can generally get complete compensation.

The second is partial withdrawal. If you withdraw from the legally occupied homestead but continue to retain the eligibility for the right to use the homestead, you can apply again if necessary within the agreed time limit. In this case, farmers can get less exit compensation.

The third is to illegally occupy the homestead and withdraw. For the homestead occupied by farmers in violation of laws and regulations, all localities generally adopt the method of free withdrawal, and can not apply again after withdrawal. 42. How to use the homestead that farmers quit?

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) proposes that under the premise of respecting farmers’ wishes and conforming to the plan, village collectives should be encouraged to comprehensively rectify the abandoned homestead, and the rectified land should be given priority to meet farmers’ demand for new homesteads, village construction and rural industrial development. The land value-added income generated by the active use of idle homesteads should all be used for agriculture and rural areas. 43. How to compensate for the expropriation of rural homestead?

The expropriation of homestead, property law and land management law have all been clearly stipulated.

Article 42 of the Property Law stipulates that in order to meet the needs of public interests, the expropriation of collectively owned land shall pay the land compensation fee, resettlement subsidy, compensation fee for ground attachments and young crops in full according to law, arrange social security fees for landless farmers, safeguard their lives and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. The expropriation of houses and other immovable property of units and individuals shall be compensated for demolition according to law, and the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated person shall be safeguarded; Where individual houses are expropriated, the living conditions of the expropriated person shall also be guaranteed.

Paragraph 4 of Article 48 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the compensation standards for expropriation of land other than agricultural land, ground attachments and young crops shall be formulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The rural villagers’ houses should be compensated fairly and reasonably in accordance with the principle of compensation before relocation and improvement of living conditions, and the wishes of rural villagers should be respected, and fair and reasonable compensation should be given by rearranging the homestead for building, providing resettlement houses or monetary compensation, and compensation should be paid for the relocation and temporary resettlement expenses caused by expropriation, so as to protect the rural villagers’ living rights and legitimate housing property rights and interests. 44. How to protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers’ homestead?

Homestead is the basic residential security land for rural villagers. The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) requires: the qualification right of homestead farmers and the property right of farmers should be fully guaranteed. It is not allowed to forcibly transfer the homestead against the wishes of farmers and force farmers to "go upstairs" in various names, and it is not allowed to illegally recover the homestead legally obtained by farmers, and it is not allowed to withdraw from the homestead as a condition for farmers to settle in cities. Strictly control the merger of the whole village, standardize the implementation procedures, and strengthen supervision and management. It is strictly forbidden to occupy or buy or sell homestead illegally in the name of circulation. Part VI Supervision and Management of Homestead 45. What are the functions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Homestead?

According to the Land Management Law and the "Three Decisions" plan of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is responsible for the reform and management of rural housing sites. To undertake the reform of rural homestead system, be responsible for drafting the draft laws, regulations and policies related to the management and use of rural homestead, guide the distribution, use and circulation of rural homestead, dispute arbitration management, rational layout of rural homestead, land use standards, and investigation and punishment of illegal land use, and guide the utilization of idle homesteads and idle farmhouses. 46. What is the division of responsibilities between the agricultural and rural departments and the natural resources departments about rural residential sites?

According to the department’s "three decisions" plan, the agricultural and rural departments are responsible for the reform and management of rural housing sites; The natural resources department is responsible for the conversion of land and other land space uses, land consolidation and reclamation, unified registration of real estate rights, formulation of land space planning and supervision of its implementation. In the specific work, the natural resources department is responsible for village planning, annual land use plan, rural construction planning permission, registration and certification of the right to use the homestead integrated with real estate, and the agricultural and rural departments are responsible for the management, reform, utilization, investigation and supervision of the homestead.

47. What is the working mechanism of rural homestead management?

The management mechanism of rural homestead is guided by the Ministry and the province, led by cities and counties, with the township as the main responsibility and the village as the main body. The focus of homestead management is at the grass-roots level, county and township governments assume territorial responsibility, agricultural and rural departments are responsible for industry management, and the specific work is undertaken by rural management departments. County and township governments should strengthen organizational leadership, earnestly strengthen the construction of grass-roots rural management system, increase support, enrich their strength, implement funds, improve conditions, and ensure that people are responsible for the work. 48. What does the "three presence" of rural homestead approval supervision mean?

The "Three Arrivals" of rural homestead approval and supervision refers to the arrival of homestead application review, measurement and approval before construction and verification and acceptance after completion.

Homestead application review: After receiving the application for homestead and building (planning permission), the township government should promptly organize the agricultural, rural and natural resources departments to review whether the applicant meets the conditions and whether the proposed land meets the planning and land type.

Before the start of construction, the farmers who have been approved to build houses with land shall apply to the township government or the authorized lead department to demarcate the land scope of the homestead before the start of construction, and the township government shall promptly organize the departments of agriculture, rural areas and natural resources to conduct on-site inspection, measure and approve the homestead on the spot, and determine the location of building.

Upon completion, check and acceptance will be present: after the completion of farmers’ housing construction, the township government will organize relevant departments to carry out acceptance inspection, on-the-spot check whether farmers use the homestead in accordance with the requirements of the approved area and four areas, and whether they build houses in accordance with the approved area and planning requirements, and issue the Acceptance Opinion Form for Rural Homestead and Building (Planning Permission).

49. What role should village-level organizations play in the daily management of homestead?

Rural homestead is owned by farmers collectively, and collective economic organizations or village committees exercise the ownership of rural homestead. Village-level organizations, under the guidance of township governments, should improve the democratic management methods of village homesteads, explore the establishment of village-level homestead coordinators, and manage and make good use of homesteads according to law. In the process of applying for examination and approval, be responsible for the preliminary examination and participate in the implementation of the requirements of "Three Arrivals" in the whole process, and mainly participate in the on-site inspection organized by the township government, measure and release the homestead on the spot, and determine the building location; After the completion of housing construction, farmers participate in the acceptance link organized by the township government, and on-the-spot check whether farmers use the homestead in accordance with the approved area and four requirements, and whether they build housing in accordance with the approved area and planning requirements. Strengthen the daily inspection of rural residential sites, discover and stop all kinds of illegal acts involving residential sites in time, and report to superiors in time if they refuse to dissuade or correct. 50. How to solve the problems left over from the history of rural homestead?

The problems left over from the history of rural homestead, such as "one household with more houses" and over-standard area, have complex causes and involve the vital interests of farmers. They should be classified and identified according to local conditions and laws and policies, and properly disposed of.

First, combined with the third national land survey and other work, carry out statistical surveys on rural residential sites to grasp the basic situation.

Second, the registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, which is integrated with the real estate, is classified according to the laws and policies of different periods.

Third, combined with the implementation of village planning, new rural construction, rural human settlements improvement, etc., the over-occupation, over-occupation, and indiscriminate occupation of homesteads will be gradually adjusted according to the plan.

The fourth is to guide the village level to resolve some remaining problems through democratic consultation and villagers’ autonomy.

Fifth, strengthen the management of rural residential sites to prevent new illegal acts. 51. What legal responsibilities should farmers bear for illegally occupying land to build houses?

China implements the strictest farmland protection system and land saving system, and insists on land use control, and it is strictly forbidden to occupy homestead beyond the standard. The land management law and the urban and rural planning law clearly define the corresponding legal responsibilities for illegal land occupation and building.

Article 75 of the Land Management Law stipulates that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, those who occupy cultivated land to build kilns and graves, or build houses, dig sand, quarry, mine and borrow soil on cultivated land without authorization, which damages the planting conditions, or cause desertification and salinization of land due to land development, shall be ordered by the competent departments of natural resources of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the competent departments of agriculture and rural areas to make corrections within a time limit and may also be fined; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 77 of the Land Management Law stipulates that: those who illegally occupy land without approval or by deception shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources of the people’s government at or above the county level to return the illegally occupied land; those who change agricultural land into construction land without authorization in violation of the overall land use plan shall dismantle the newly built buildings and other facilities on the illegally occupied land within a time limit and restore the land to its original state; those who meet the overall land use plan shall be confiscated and may be fined; The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel of illegal land occupation units shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. Occupation of land in excess of the approved amount shall be punished as illegal occupation of land.

Article 78 of the Land Management Law stipulates that if rural villagers illegally occupy land to build houses without approval or by deception, the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to return the illegally occupied land and dismantle the newly built houses on the illegally occupied land within a time limit. If the land exceeds the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it will be punished as illegal occupation of land.

Article 65 of the Urban and Rural Planning Law stipulates that if a rural construction planning permit is not obtained in accordance with the law or construction is not carried out in accordance with the provisions of the rural construction planning permit, the township and town people’s governments shall order it to stop construction and make corrections within a time limit; If it is not corrected within the time limit, it can be removed. 52. What are the law enforcement procedures for investigating and dealing with illegal acts of rural residential land?

In the administrative law enforcement of illegal land use of homestead, the competent agricultural and rural departments at or above the county level shall, according to Articles 67 and 68 of the Land Administration Law, first order them to stop the illegal acts and perform the right of supervision and inspection; The second is to order the demolition within a time limit and make an administrative penalty decision to order the demolition within a time limit. If the illegal act continues, it shall be dealt with according to article 83.

Article 83 of the Land Management Law: "If, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the newly-built buildings and other facilities on illegally occupied land are ordered to be demolished within a time limit, the construction unit or individual must immediately stop the construction and dismantle them by itself; To continue the construction, the organ that made the decision on punishment has the right to stop it. If the construction unit or individual refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment of ordering demolition within a time limit, it may bring a suit in a people’s court within fifteen days from the date of receiving the decision on ordering demolition within a time limit; If it fails to prosecute and dismantle itself at the expiration of the time limit, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution according to law, and the expenses shall be borne by the offender. "

In accordance with the spirit of deepening the constitutional reform of administrative law enforcement by the central authorities and the General Office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council’s "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Law Enforcement Force of Grassroots Integration of Examination and Approval Services" (No.5 [2019] of the Office of the Central Committee), all localities can explore gradually giving the rural homestead law enforcement power to the township people’s government for implementation in accordance with legal procedures and requirements.

53. What are the ways to resolve disputes over rural residential sites?

Article 14 of the Land Administration Law stipulates that disputes over land ownership and use rights shall be settled by the parties through consultation; If negotiation fails, it shall be handled by the people’s government.

Disputes between units shall be handled by the people’s governments at or above the county level; Disputes between individuals or between individuals and units shall be handled by people’s governments at the township level or above the county level.

If a party refuses to accept the decision of the relevant people’s government, he may bring a suit in a people’s court within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice of the decision.

Before the dispute over land ownership and use right is settled, neither party may change the status quo of land use.

Homestead disputes can also be resolved through people’s mediation. People’s mediation refers to a kind of mass autonomy activity under the auspices of mediation committees (including urban residents’ committees and rural villagers’ committees), based on national laws, regulations, policies and social ethics, to persuade and educate the parties to civil disputes, to promote mutual understanding and equal consultation between the parties to disputes, so as to reach an agreement voluntarily and eliminate disputes. People’s mediation is an important part of the current mediation system and a unique system in China’s legal system construction. 54. What basic work should be done in rural homestead management?

Combined with the land survey, registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, we will promote the establishment of a statistical survey system for rural homesteads, organize surveys on the utilization of homesteads and rural houses, and comprehensively understand the scale, layout and utilization of homesteads. Gradually establish the basic information database and management information system of homestead, and promote the information management of homestead application, approval, circulation, withdrawal and illegal land use investigation.

Strengthen investigation and study, timely study and solve new situations and new problems in the process of homestead management and reform, pay attention to summing up the good experiences and practices created by grassroots and farmers, implement the newly revised land management law, and timely revise and improve the local homestead management measures.

Strengthen organization and leadership, strengthen self-construction, increase the training of laws and policies, promote team building through work, and do a good job in homestead management.

1905 movie network news After experiencing a short-term increase in the box office in October, the mainland film market once again ushered in a cooling-off period in November. As of November 30, the total box office in November closed at 2.882 billion yuan, a sharp drop compared with last month. On November 20, the cumulative box office exceeded 50 billion yuan, setting a new record for the mainland film market. However, as an awkward month between "National Day File" and "Lunar New Year File", many box office blockbusters with market potential have avoided this cold and cheerless month, making November’s mainland film market the lowest box office in 2017.

A number of imported films were released this month, among which the representative works of "old enemy" Marvel Comics and DC landed on the mainland screen successively, and won the monthly champion and runner-up; The market performance of the two classic remakes of the East and the West is very different; Disney’s and Pixar’s annual masterpieces opened low and went high, and they were among the top ten in the month in less than two weeks.

In terms of domestic films, there are no more than 100 million films this month, and many box office blockbusters expected by the market have been booked in December, and the annual highlight "New Year’s Eve File" has been filled with smoke.

The cumulative box office of the monthly film market has officially exceeded 50 billion yuan.

As of November 30th, the box office in the Mainland received 2.882 billion yuan, up by 13.06% over the same period. In November, the mainland film market once again entered a cooling-off period after the National Day file and before the Lunar New Year file. On November 20th, the cumulative box office of China film market in 2017 officially exceeded 50 billion yuan, and the annual total box office is expected to reach 55 billion yuan.

A total of 47 new films were released this month, including 36 domestic films and 11 imported films. A total of 5 films have grossed over 100 million yuan. This month, imported films once again ushered in the upsurge of centralized release. Among them, Raytheon 3: Twilight of the Gods and Justice League, which were widely modified by Marvel Comics and DC, were the winners of this month. The Disney and Pixar animated film Journey to the Dream Ring was released in mainland China and North America quasi-synchronously, ranking among the top five in the box office list, and its popularity continued to increase.

The head-on war between the two superhero camps has not yet shaken Marvel Comics’s leading position

This month, Raytheon 3: Twilight of the Gods produced by Marvel Comics and Justice League produced by DC landed on the mainland screens successively. Among them, Thor: Ragnarok topped the monthly box office list with 741 million yuan, and won the box office list for two weeks in a row. However, the growth rate of the film slowed down in the later period, and so far the box office of this film has not exceeded 775 million yuan.

Although Justice League, which is slightly behind, ranks second in the monthly list, it is DC’s first hero-assembled blockbuster. Since its release on November 17th, the box office in the first week has exceeded 300 million yuan, ranking first in the single-day box office for seven consecutive days. However, compared with Thor: Ragnarok, the market performance of this film is obviously inferior. Under the impact of new films the next week, the single-day movie schedule has dropped from 40% to about 20%. With the Lunar New Year file coming, the box office of this film is unlikely to reach 7.

Travel Notes of the Dream Ring: Going from Low to High, Becoming one of the Top Five Best-selling Sword Finger Oscars in the World

Film stills of "Journey to the Dream Ring"

Disney and Pixar produced the animated film Journey to the Dream Circle, which is the most surprising film this month. As a non-mainstream animated film in the mainland film market, the first day of release of this film was only 9.82%. However, after only one day of word-of-mouth fermentation, the film’s single-day release quickly rose to the highest of 3.644%, ranking among the top five in the monthly box office list with a box office of 209 million yuan within seven days of release.

Not only in the mainland film market, this film was released on the eve of Thanksgiving in the United States, and won the box office title in the 47th week of North America with US$ 50.8 million in the first week. Other overseas markets also made great achievements. Once this film was released in Mexico, it surpassed the box office title in Mexican film history. This film, which has a global reputation and a comprehensive box office, is bound to become the big winner of the award season and the best animated feature film Oscar next year.

There is a significant difference in IP adaptation between the east and the west, and the unpopular films are on the box office list again.

East-west IP adaptation is in a market dilemma

There are two other films worth comparing and learning from this month. kenneth branagh’s self-directed and self-directed film Murder on the Orient Express and John Woo’s film Chasing are both film adaptations. Both directors have the status of "kings" in the eastern and western film circles, but their market performance is quite different. Murder on the Orient Express, as a world-famous mystery novel, has been adapted into a film for many times before. Although the adapted film version has different reputation, it topped the single-day box office champion with a slight advantage on the first day of its release. Although it was continuously suppressed by Thor: Ragnarok, it finally broke 100 million yuan in 3 days and 200 million yuan in 10 days, ranking third in the monthly ranking.

On the other hand, the film Chasing, directed by John Woo, was adapted from the Japanese novel Crossing the River of Anger, and many outstanding Chinese and Japanese actors such as Zhang Hanyu, Fukuyama Masaharu and Stephy joined in. Speaking of the old Japanese film Hunting, it can be said that it represents the memories of a generation in that year. At the beginning of this remake, it was highly concerned by new and old fans. Throughout the film, from the topic selection to the main creation, it reveals a "box office hit". However, although the film gained 31.04% of the box office on the first day of release with 29.54% of the film’s arrangement, it became the box office champion on that day, but the arrangement of the film fell to 26.14% the next day, and it was surpassed by Travel Notes of the Dream Ring with only 15.17% of the film’s arrangement, and finally the film’s cumulative box office was 9832.

In addition, there are also domestic films that rank among the TOP10 this month. Under the impact of the simultaneous release of 2-4 imported films every week, there have not been over 100 million films in domestic films this month, among which "The Legend of the Demon" ranks second in domestic films with 88.95 million less than "Hunting". It is also noteworthy that since the release of the first adventure film "Seventy-seven Days" starring Jiang Yiyan in China on November 3, although the box office is only over 10 million per week, it has a stable trend compared with other films.

The cinema rankings are reshuffled, and the high attendance rate boosts the cinema counterattack.

As of November 30, due to the cooling of the overall film market in the mainland this month, nearly 50% of the box office of each cinema line fell, and the average number of people per game did not reach 20. Among them, the box office of Guangdong Dadi dropped by 50.90%, and the number of people watching movies also dropped by 51.33%. The serious loss of people watching movies caused the ranking of Guangdong Dadi Cinema to drop from the second last month to the fourth this month. On the other hand, although the box office of Shenzhen Zhongying decreased by 37.01%, the number of people watching movies was about 10% less than that of Guangdong, which made its ranking jump from the sixth place last month to the third place this month.

As of November 30th, there were 8,679 effective cinemas nationwide this month, an increase of 41 compared with last month. This month, the box office rankings of cinemas were also reshuffled. While most cinemas suffered box office declines, Shanghai Paragon Studios (iapm) stores rose instead of falling, not only the box office rose by 10.53%, but also the average number of people per game reached as many as 63, which helped them jump from the ninth place last month to the top of the monthly box office list. So, high attendance rate is still the magic weapon for cinemas to win.

The proportion of box office in first-and second-tier cities has rebounded sharply in over 100 million provinces.

Affected by the off-season of the film market, there are only 8 provinces that have exceeded 100 million this month, 11 fewer than in October, accounting for 60.20% of the total box office in November. There is no obvious change in the ranking of provinces this month, and almost all provinces have a box office decline ranging from 20% to 50%.

In terms of cities, the proportion of box office in first-and second-tier cities has rebounded significantly, while the proportion of box office in cities below third-and fourth-tier cities has declined. On the one hand, the main audiences of the "National Day File" and the main box office films in October are concentrated in third-and fourth-tier cities, and the box office in third-and fourth-tier cities and other cities has dropped rapidly without the stimulation of corresponding new films. On the other hand, in November, imported films were released in a concentrated way, and the main audience was concentrated in first-and second-tier cities, which effectively promoted the increase in the proportion of box office in first-and second-tier cities.

Looking ahead to December, many domestic blockbusters entering the "New Year’s Eve" file have already been waiting in battle. Xiaogang Feng will return to the New Year’s Eve file, and then it will be released on the same day, followed by other films, which will surely push the mainland film market to a new climax at the end of the year.

1905 Film Data College

Writer: phoenix de tears

There is a kind of power that makes people move, a kind of great love that makes people admire, and a kind of emotion that makes people move. Wang Huanyun, 55, is a rural doctor at the clinic of Chenjiapu Village, Yishui Town, Zhushan County, and the principal of the village’s "warm home" for AIDS prevention and treatment. He is rooted in the countryside and silently dedicated on the front line. He has treated AIDS patients in remote mountain villages. He is the "most beautiful rural doctor" and the "most beautiful Communist Party member in Shiyan City in 2016". He spreads positive energy and shows the demeanor of workers in the new era.

In 2001, Wang Huanyun discovered the first case of HIV infection in Zhushan County. Since then, Wang Huanyun has held dual positions, not only responsible for the basic medical work of the whole village, but also obligated to undertake the prevention and treatment of 30 patients infected with AIDS due to unclean blood in five nearby villages, Chenjiapu, Tianqiao, Hejiawan, Shaojiagou, and Overflow Street. For 14 years, he has used responsibility and care to support a blue sky for AIDS patients, enabling AIDS patients in remote mountain villages to be treated, and the families of many AIDS patients to receive help.

In 1976, Wang Huanyun, who graduated from high school, became a private teacher. The reality that the local villagers had become impoverished due to illness deeply hurt him, so he decided to switch to medicine, and from then on, he began his career as a village doctor. One day, a man in his 40s came to the clinic with a festering skin and a high fever. Wang Huanyun treated his cough, asthma, chest pain and other symptoms for two days, but it did not improve. The clinic could not diagnose the man’s illness, so the patient was transferred to the county hospital.

The attentive Wang Huanyun suspected that the "strange disease" was likely AIDS based on the relevant knowledge he learned from newspapers and television. He found through investigation that farmers from several nearby villages had sold blood in Henan, and he immediately reported the situation to the town health center. After hearing the news, the county CDC took a series of measures to confirm that the patient had AIDS. In the subsequent census organized by the county CDC, multiple cases of AIDS patients were found one after another.

As we all know, AIDS is a very harmful infectious disease, and the world talks about AIDS differently. When Wang Huanyun gave contact treatment to AIDS patients, he did not wear gloves, masks, or any self-protective equipment. This is not in line with medical regulations! Does Wang Huanyun not understand the basic medical knowledge that healthcare workers should "avoid occupational exposure" during the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other diseases?

In fact, Wang Huanyun was thinking from the patient’s point of view. He knew that AIDS patients themselves had low self-esteem, were withdrawn, and were psychologically fragile. They could not accept people’s discrimination and alienation, and they longed for everyone’s understanding and closeness.

Chenjiapu village and a river across the Hejiawan village, living in the oldest, named Xiang Lan (pseudonym) of AIDS patients, she is 60 years old this year, in 2004 was found to be infected with AIDS. Under Wang Huanyun’s careful treatment, her husband and younger generation are in good health. In 2006, Wang Huanyun from our country’s AIDS prevention and control expert Professor Gui Xien won AIDS family self-help production funds support, Xiang Lan family received 5000 yuan of cattle support funds. The family worked together to raise cattle, quickly out of the predicament of life.

In the farmyard less than 10 meters away from Wang Huanyun’s house, there is an AIDS patient named Chunli (a pseudonym). In early 2012, Chunli unexpectedly became pregnant with a pair of twins. After being persuaded by Wang Huanyun, she planned to have an abortion surgery, but she went to five hospitals and was rejected. Chunli returned to Chenjiapu Village to ask Wang Huanyun for help, preparing to give birth to the twins. Wang Huanyun adopts the treatment method of combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and constantly implements mother-to-child blocking treatment for her to prevent the fetus from being infected.

During Chunli’s pregnancy, in order to ensure the safety of the fetus, Wang Huanyun would take her to have a maternity check-up every month. Half a year later, the due date was approaching, and Chunli was very anxious because the local hospital did not have the conditions to receive such special births. Wang Huanyun rushed to Shiyan City, nearly 200 kilometers away, and contacted a hospital for Chunli. On October 31, 2012, the twin sisters were finally born. In order to keep the twins growing up healthily, Wang Huanyun took good care of them, monitored them in a timely manner, and regularly conducted comprehensive physical examinations for them. At present, the physical examination indicators of the twins who are nearly 2 years old are normal.

There is still no cure for AIDS, and there is no effective vaccine for prevention. In a small village deep in the mountains, Wang Huanyun is the hope of the villagers with chronic diseases. Wang Huanyun has been with patients for more than ten years, and he knows that the meaning of companionship is far greater than the meaning of treatment. Wang Huanyun, who has been a village doctor for so many years, is good at pulse recognition, acupuncture, massage, and Chinese herbal medicine. Over the years, it is impossible to count how many times he has relieved the pain of the villagers. The most touching thing is his care for AIDS patients.

"Ready to sacrifice his life for the party and the people at any time", for this oath, Wang Huanyun, who has 16 years of party experience, fought on the front line, rooted in the grassroots, happy with hardship, and dedicated himself to work. He is an ordinary person around us, but he has built a precious spiritual home with silent perseverance. He has no lofty words, but he is heart-to-heart with patients. Let us say to this "most beautiful Communist Party member": Thank you!

In the fragmented and fast-paced current, there are many short-lived Internet celebrity products, but very few can exist for a long time. The same is true for the beverage track. Many brands are suddenly known to many consumers through a hot spot or out-of-circle marketing, but soon disappear and be replaced by the next "explosion". But in such a floating and sinking market, the big kiln continues to create value for consumers, channel providers, industries, etc., creating a long-term and stable growth internal driving force, so as to achieve sustainable development and set an example for the industry.

channel humanization

How to quickly build a brand in the market? How can products continue to penetrate into market segments? Channel management is an important part of it. Channel management is an important part of the company’s strategy and marketing strategy, and it is one of the long-term strategies of the brand. Dayao has always attached great importance to channel management and escorted the growth of agents.

In order to expand the market and enhance the popularity of brand products, Dayao has been expanding channels, up the ante catering, supermarkets, etc., to achieve online and offline all-round layout. Secondly, Dayao makes profits for channel providers and consumers, and provides 1V1 assistance to dealers. There is no general representative. According to different market layouts, sales policies are customized separately, so that dealers will not fall into a situation of going it alone. In addition to a professional "four-dimensional evaluation system", partners are evaluated from four dimensions: ability foundation, soft factors, industry status, and cooperation willingness, and a 3-month trial sales cooperation is carried out to reduce risks for dealers. After formal cooperation, it can also adapt faster, make profits faster, and continue to stimulate channel vitality.

Near and Far Strategy

Our country has a vast land area and a very broad market. If you want to make the brand go national, you must find the right method and expand it scientifically and reasonably.

From point to surface, break down one by one. The big kiln, which originated in the north, adopted the market strategy of "from near to far". After gaining a firm foothold in the northern market, it broke through the south of the Qinling Mountains and gradually realized the national layout through the eight self-built production bases, so that the production end is close to the consumer end, which is convenient for product supply and sales. In the process of planning cross-regional development of the big kiln, the number of distributors has increased, and distribution channels have been established all over the country. Store by store visits, promotions, and the strategy of wide distribution and excellent display have allowed the big kiln soda to go nationwide. At present, the big kiln soda has established more than one million retail end points, covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and has more than 2,000 distributors.

Quality core barrier

Of course, the sustainable development of enterprises cannot be separated from the most core quality adherence. Since its inception, the large kiln has adhered to the principle of quality first, and has carried out raw material procurement, production, and testing with strict standards, and finally delivered to consumers, continuously earning a good reputation.

In order to ensure the quality of products and meet consumer needs, Dayao controls the quality from the source of raw materials, continuously screens and optimizes, replaces high-quality upstream raw material suppliers, and conducts in-depth cooperation with domestic and even international first-line raw material brands. In terms of production, Dayao actively and decisively implements the implementation of the digital workshop and HACCP management system through the 6S GMP management system and Quality Standard in line with international standards to ensure food hygiene and safety and consumer health. In addition, Dayao Beverage also actively explores and implements the "0471" quality management strategy, builds a quality and safety control system from the production base to the finished product, strictly supervises the source, strictly supervises the whole process of product production, and strictly traceability of quality and safety, and is committed to building an excellent quality engine.

A good business model is that brands, distributors, and consumers all benefit, and it is through the need for value propositions to solve the problems of multiple links. Dayao allows channels to reap long-term benefits and consumers to gain outstanding experience. Dayao brand is also moving towards a national soda leading brand and a century-old brand, achieving an ecological win-win situation.

Disclaimer: The content of this article is corporate information reproduced on this website, which only represents the author’s personal views and has nothing to do with this website. The content involved does not constitute investment or consumption advice, and is for readers’ reference only. Please check the relevant content by yourself.

　　"It costs money to buy an oil car, but it costs life to buy a tram". After witnessing the news that many batteries caught fire, collided and fell apart, and the intelligent driving failed, many users love and fear electric cars. Want to experience its performance and economy, but worry about its security. In fact, we don’t have to give up eating because of choking. Whether an electric car is safe or not depends not on whether it is an "electric car", but on the safety strength of the vehicle itself. So, what kind of car is "safe" in the current new energy market? The answer to this question can be given to you by asking the M5 version.

　　Active and safe, high-level intelligent driving covers more scenes.

　　Examples of smart driving failures of some brands are not uncommon, which is also the key reason why many users are uneasy about smart electric vehicles. In this regard, I am very cautious about asking the M5 Smart Driving Edition. The HUAWEI ADS 2.0 advanced intelligent driving system equipped with this car is a leading presence in the industry. It is equipped with 1 overhead lidar, 3 millimeter-wave radars, 11 high-definition cameras for lateral and backward visual perception and 12 ultrasonic radars, which can accurately perceive both static targets and dynamic objects. It has laid a solid foundation for every safe trip.

　　The excellent hardware configuration determines the active safety performance of the M5 Intelligent Driving Edition in practical vehicles. Previously, some media have tested the pilot assistance function of this car together with Tucki G6 and Ideal L7MAX. In the urban ground road scene, for the intersection passing success rate test project, the crossing passing success rate of Zhijie M5 version reached 98.86%, while that of Tucki G6 was only 96.43%, which shows the superiority of the former in active avoidance. This also means that when we pass through intersections and traffic lights, it can effectively identify and ensure our safe passage. If there are pedestrians on the zebra crossing, they will also recognize courtesy to avoid the risk of accidents due to occasional distraction when driving and failure to pay attention to the pedestrians and vehicles in front.

　　In the same scene, the coverage mileage of pilot-assisted driving in Wenjie M5 version is better than Xiaopeng G6, with the former reaching 93.86% and the latter only 82.86%. Obviously, the former has more time to free the driver’s hands and travel more easily. In the test project of the success rate of ramp import and export in the urban elevated road scene, the success rate of Wujie M5 version is as high as 100%, and the ideal L7Max is only 35.71%. Coincidentally, in the MPI (Average Takeover Mileage) of inter-city expressway, the intelligent driving version of the M5 is 270.67km, and the ideal L7Max is only 41.31km. It can be seen that, as far as reliability is concerned, the M5 version of Zhijia has the strength of "real money and silver". No matter the complex road conditions in the urban area, or the road conditions such as urban elevated roads and intercity highways, this car can easily help us cope with it, and it is a close-fitting "old driver".

　　At the same time, Wujie M5 Smart Driving Edition also has four MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antennas for mobile communication, with higher signal strength, wider coverage and smoother smart driving experience. In addition, it has a strong ability to recognize and process objects by integrating the sensing bird’s eye view network (BEV) and the general obstacle detection (GOD) network. This is not to brag about the M5 version, but to have facts and basis. In the AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking) test safety response speed boundary test held by Autolab, the performance of many test items set by the media with the M5 intelligent driving version directly surpassed Tesla Model Y, Ideal L9 and other models.

　　Specifically, in the mixed scene of stationary cars and pedestrians at the front and rear, the complex environment and changeable factors will test the driver’s concentration and driving ability, and a collision will occur if he is not careful, which is also an important scene to test smart driving. In the test in this scenario, the response performance of Jiejie M5 Intelligent Driving Edition at the speed of 90kph far exceeds the response capability of Tesla Model Y at the speed of 60kph, and the former has faster response and higher safety.

　　In addition, "adult ghost probe", as a high-incidence cause of accidents in urban areas, makes many drivers call it "headache". In the actual measurement, when the response speed of Tucki P7i and ideal L9 is 35kph and 65kph respectively, the intelligent driving version of Wenjie M5 is one step ahead with a score of 75kph, not to mention the "side dummy" which is difficult to recognize by other models.

　　In fact, people’s living boundaries are constantly being broken, and people are looking forward to exploring the diversity and richness of life. Cars that can meet the needs of multi-scene travel are precious, especially with the label "high safety in smart driving", it is difficult not to become consumers’ hearts. Obviously, among the above-mentioned models, the intelligent driving version of the M5 is obviously more worthy of choice.

　　Passive safety is excellent, and multi-dimensional protection eliminates security risks

　　The battery safety of electric vehicles has always attracted much attention, and the M5 Smart Driving Edition has adopted many "black technologies" to break everyone’s doubts. This car battery comes from a top supplier, and each battery cell adopts diaphragm fire-proof coating technology to avoid safety risks from the root. At the same time, the advanced BMS battery management system can provide early warning and protection in time after the thermal runaway signal appears, and further kill the safety risks such as fire in the cradle.

　　For body safety, this car uses a cage-type safety body with higher safety. More than 60% of the body is made of high-strength steel, and the proportion of thermoformed steel is 19%. This also means that asking for the M5 version is equivalent to protecting every passenger in the car in the "safety net", which greatly reduces the possible casualties after the collision.

　　Not only that, in the cockpit, this car is designed according to the standard of "China Automobile Health Index (C-AHI)", and adopts an environmentally friendly water-based glue adhesive which can reduce odor volatilization. A good interior environment can bring health protection to every passenger in the car, and it can also ensure worry-free travel. Previously, this car had won the passenger car Health+ cockpit certification, CN95 health cockpit 5A certification and China automobile health index C-AHI all five stars.

　　tag

　　From the recent industry media measurement, we can intuitively understand that the M5 version of Zhijie has achieved the ultimate in active and passive safety, ahead of many competing products at the same level. An electric vehicle with excellent safety is enough to eliminate everyone’s concerns about the safety of electric vehicles. Based on this, the intelligent and safe version of the M5 Intelligent Driving Edition undoubtedly provides a better direction for everyone’s choice.

Xinhua News Agency, Shenzhen, April 10 (Reporter Yin Peng) On the evening of April 10, BYD released the new energy exclusive intelligent body control system "Yunqi". The intelligent body control system of Yunqi was developed by BYD, which also marked that BYD became the first China automobile enterprise to master the intelligent body control system independently.

Wang Chuanfu, Chairman and President of BYD Group, said at the press conference that the launch of "Yunqi" is another safety technical breakthrough after BYD’s blade battery, body integrated technology (CTB) and four-motor independent drive system ("Easy Sifang").

Wang Chuanfu, Chairman and President of BYD Group, introduced Yunqi Intelligent Body Control System at the press conference. (Photo courtesy of BYD)

Wang Chuanfu said that "Yunqi" can effectively restrain the change of body posture, greatly reduce the risk of vehicle rollover and reduce the sitting displacement of drivers and passengers from systematic control in the vertical direction of the whole vehicle. At the same time, the cloud chariot system can effectively protect the vehicle body under complex road conditions such as snow, mud and water, avoid the collision damage of the whole vehicle caused by terrain, ensure the safety and stability of the whole vehicle, and realize the double protection of people and vehicles.

Byd looks up to the model. (Photo courtesy of BYD)

According to reports, the cloud system will be installed in BYD Dynasty series models, marine flagship models, Tengshi brand, Wangwang brand and professional personalized brand models.

"Thank you for your concern and support for Huaxizi all the time. I’m sorry we’re late. I have a few heartfelt words to tell you."

On the evening of September 19th, the official Weibo of Hua Xizi, a domestic make-up brand, released a letter to the public, which positively responded to the recent controversy for the first time.

Hua Xizi said in the letter, "I am very sorry for taking up too many public resources. Appreciate everyone’s urging,We have fully recorded the relevant opinions, and the team is also comparing, revising and upgrading them one by one, adhering to the initial heart.To bring you better products and services. In the future, we will continue to share with you what the brand is doing, so that everyone can understand Hua Xizi in more forms. Down-to-earth, steady and far-reaching; Let a hundred flowers blossom and domestic products become stronger. "

From the official Weibo of "Hua Xizi"

Recently, the domestic make-up brand "Hua Xizi", which was pushed to the forefront by Li Jiaqi’s remarks, was picked out by many netizens. Compared with other domestic brands, the price per gram of its products is high, such as the price per gram of eyebrow pencil is comparable to that of gold, and the price per gram of loose powder exceeds that of Chanel, an international brand. The company was once caught in the whirlpool of public opinion because of its "high price".

On September 10th, when Li Jiaqi, the network anchor, introduced a Huaxizi eyebrow pencil in 79 yuan, he saw a netizen leave a message saying that it was getting more and more expensive. He asked, "Where is it expensive? It’s been this price for so many years. Don’t talk nonsense with your eyes open. Domestic brands are very difficult … "Later, Li Jiaqi said:" Sometimes I find my own reasons. After so many years, my salary has not risen. Have you worked hard? " Since then, many topics around the high price of Huaxizi’s products, such as "Huaxizi’s response to the expensive eyebrow pencil", "Huaxizi’s exclusive monetary unit for migrant workers", "How expensive Huaxizi is" and "Huaxizi’s eyebrow pencil can buy two grams of gold for more than 980 grams", have been on hot search for many days.

For a long time, Hua Xizi has positioned herself and aimed to become a high-end makeup brand. Hua Mantian, the founder of Hua Xizi, also admitted that the unit price of Double Eleven Hua Xizi was pulled from 100 yuan to 200 yuan in 2021. "For a long time, the middle and high-end market of China cosmetics has been monopolized by international brands. But today, many products of Huaxizi have cut into the middle and high-end price belt and achieved certain success. "

"This large-scale attention and discussion is a valuable opportunity for us to listen to the real voices of different consumers, and it is also the starting point for the team to self-examine and start again." Hua Xizi said in the letter this time, "I sincerely apologize to everyone. In the past week, Hua Xizi has received great attention from the whole network. We are sincere and at a loss, and the brand has not spoken before. During this time, we have continuously absorbed your criticisms, opinions and suggestions. "

At the same time, Hua Xizi also refuted the previous rumors about "Japanese brands" in the letter. Hua Xizi said that the company was founded in Hangzhou, and its R&D center, production factory and tax payment are all in China. It is an out-and-out China brand. "As a young China makeup brand, Hua Xizi hopes to tell the story of China and inherit the beauty of the East."

Previously, in response to this rumor, Hua Xizi responded to the The Paper reporter that in 2019, Hua Xizi cooperated with a Japanese research institute for short-term production, research and production. With the continuous improvement of the comprehensive strength of domestic beauty research and development and industrial chain, all cooperation with the institute and related factories was stopped in 2020. At present, 100% of Hua Xizi’s research and development centers and production factories are in China.

Zhejiang Yige Enterprise Management Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yige Group), the parent company of Huaxizi brand, was founded in Hangzhou in 2014. It is a China beauty group integrating independent research and development, brand building, product sales and customer service. According to official website of Yige Group, in 2016, the domestic make-up brand "Hua Xizi Florasis" came into being.

In addition to the hot discussion and doubts caused by the high price, some netizens have reported in the past that when the average commission rate in the industry is 20%, Hua Xizi raises the proportion with a wave of his hand, and some anchors can even get 60% to 80% commission. At that time, related topics such as "more than 20% of Huaxizi’s revenue comes from Li Jiaqi" and "Huaxizi responds to Li Jiaqi’s high commission" were also listed on the hot search.

On the evening of September 11th, Hua Xizi responded to the The Paper reporter that the information on the Internet about Hua Xizi’s rebate to Li Jiaqi was as high as 60% to 80%, or even more than 100%, which was false rumor, and the proportion of cooperation rebate between Hua Xizi and Li Jiaqi was the industry average.

　　China Youth Network, Beijing, October 21st "It’s not that I’m not sleepy. I just want to wait. As for what? I don’t know, I just want to wait. "This passage has become the mantra of many college students. And this "wait", most of them are brushing their mobile phones. So, how long do college students surf the Internet on their mobile phones every day? What are you mainly doing? Are you worried about network security?

　　Recently, China Youth Network Campus News Agency conducted a questionnaire survey among 1,220 college students around the country. The results show that more than 40% of students surf the Internet for more than 5 hours every day, and more than 80% of students surf the Internet mainly for social chat. Most students think that surfing the Internet by mobile phone makes mobile payment, information acquisition and social communication more convenient. Nearly 90% of students are worried about network security, and most students expect the network speed of 5G to be faster and more convenient for study and life.

　　The picture shows the proportion of college students’ mobile phone surfing time every day. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

　　Over 40% of students surf the Internet on their mobile phones for more than 5 hours every day, and over 80% of students mainly chat socially.

　　Wu Lin, a student of Sichuan Agricultural University, uses his mobile phone to surf the Internet every day for about 6 hours. "It has become my habit to brush my mobile phone when I wake up every day. Now surfing the Internet is a daily need. I feel that I don’t have much to do except surfing the Internet. I like chatting, watching news and playing games online when I have no classes. I can’t stop playing my mobile phone."

　　Like Wu Lin, there are not a few college students who have the habit of surfing the Internet for a long time. According to a survey conducted by a reporter from China Youth Network, 41.56% of college students spend more than five hours on their mobile phones every day. When surfing the Internet, 83.93% of the students mainly chat socially, followed by consulting materials and listening to songs, accounting for 62.46% and 58.61% respectively.

　　"I am deeply dependent on the Internet, partly because of my shortcomings in social skills." Joline, a student of Northwest Normal University, told reporters that she is introverted and unwilling to communicate face to face. She can express herself more directly and accurately online. She will keep a diary on the trumpet in Weibo, and what she is embarrassed to say in person can be expressed by WeChat. "Besides, I can also tell my story with strangers through Zhihu."

　　The picture shows the proportion of college students’ mobile phone surfing behavior. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

　　Mobile Internet access makes mobile payment, information acquisition and social communication more convenient.

　　So what convenience does mobile Internet access bring to college students’ daily life? In the survey, China Youth Network reporter found that most of the students interviewed thought that surfing the Internet by mobile phone made mobile payment, information acquisition and social communication more convenient, accounting for 90.25%, 80.49% and 78.52% respectively.

　　"Now you don’t have to bring cash when you go shopping. It’s really convenient to pay by QR code." Zhao Tingting, a student at Guilin University of Technology, said that it used to be troublesome to use cash for shopping. Now, with mobile payment, the mobile phone can scan the code to pay, which not only saves a lot of time, but also brings great convenience to life.

　　Chen Yixin, a student at Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology, told reporters that after going to college, she often chats with her parents online. "Sometimes I use WeChat videos, and it is very convenient to contact them anytime and anywhere even if I don’t go home." She also said that now she mainly watches news through Weibo and news apps, so she can keep abreast of the latest hot events, which is very fast.

　　The picture shows the proportion of convenience brought by mobile internet access to life. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

　　Nearly 90% are worried about network security, and most students expect 5G network speed to be faster and study and life more convenient.

　　Xie Wenyi is a student of Shandong University of Technology, and he attaches great importance to network security. "I have learned that bank card deposits may be stolen by clicking on the link to help bargain, which makes me very worried about network security." In order to avoid the disclosure of personal information, he will be more cautious when registering his account. He told reporters that many friends around him have fallen into the trap of online fraud, so they must strengthen their prevention.

　　The results of this survey show that 88.03% of the respondents are as worried about network security as Xie Wenyi. In addition to network security issues, 5G has also become a hot topic this year. When talking about the expectation of the 5G era, 87.38% of the respondents hope that 5G will make the network speed faster, and secondly, it will make the study and life more convenient and the video quality clearer, accounting for 86.64% and 71.31% respectively.

　　Hong Yumin studied in Hope College of Southwest Jiaotong University, and she needed to surf the Internet frequently for professional reasons. When talking about 5G, she said that 5G is a "good medicine" for architectural drawing. It doesn’t take a long time to download the software installation package, which greatly shortens the students’ drawing time. Compared with 4G, 5G is more stable and not easy to get stuck. When drawing, you don’t have to worry about network failure, which can guarantee the smooth birth of the work.

　　The picture shows the proportion of college students’ expectations for 5 G. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

　　Teachers in colleges and universities suggest that Internet surfing time should be arranged reasonably and network security protection should be done well.

　　Yang Mei, an administrative teacher at School of Information Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, believes that college students spend more time on the Internet than study time. Although this has become a common phenomenon, students are advised to pay attention to study. "At present, many students will become very anxious when they leave their mobile phones. In fact, students will make good use of the Internet to arrange their free time and pay more attention to WeChat official account and online classes related to their majors or employment, which will be helpful for future postgraduate entrance examinations or job hunting."

　　"Don’t easily click on pop-up web pages or unreliable advertising links shared by others, which are likely to contain viruses. When surfing the Internet in Internet cafes outside, don’t connect your USB flash drive, mobile phone and other things containing important personal information to your computer, which is easy to cause network security problems." At the same time, as the class teacher of the students, Yang Mei recommends students with poor self-control to use professional APP for entertainment time management, hoping that students can concentrate on their studies and focus on their studies.

　　This semester, Fan Yingjie, a teacher of Marxism College of Chengdu University, asked students to strengthen self-discipline, stay away from the internet at least half a day to one day in class and at ordinary times, and learn to control themselves. She hopes that through these ways, students can understand that instead of constantly paying attention to other people’s lives through mobile phones, it is better to live their own lives and do their own things in a down-to-earth manner.

　　Fan Yingjie also mentioned that regarding the issue of network security, the relevant state departments released a lot of warning case materials when promoting network security, hoping that students would learn more about it. "When using mobile phones or computers to surf the Internet, students should not randomly click unfamiliar links to avoid revealing personal information on the Internet, and try their best to do network security protection." (At the request of the interviewee, the names of the students in this article are all pseudonyms.)

　　(Reporter Li Huaxi correspondent Yang Qing)