Luo Jianhui, Director of the Network Department of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, attended the event and delivered a speech.

　　On the morning of December 1st, the 5th China Internet Audio-visual Conference held a new audio-visual innovation summit with the theme of "seizing opportunities in transformation and upgrading". Luo Jianhui, director of the Network Department of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, attended the event and delivered a speech. He put forward his own views on how to build a new mainstream media, do a good job in positive publicity, spread positive energy and create a "new vision".

　　The following is the full text of Luo Jianhui’s speech:

　　At the 5th China Network Audiovisual Conference.

　　Speech at "New Vision Innovation Summit"

　　(December 1, 2017)

　　Luo Jianhui

　　It’s a great pleasure to meet you again at the annual China Internet Audio-visual Conference. Yesterday, I listened to Minister Tian’s keynote speech. I will work with you to further study, implement and implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and promote the network audio-visual to fulfill its new mission, take new responsibilities and show new weather and new actions in the new era. The theme of today’s summit is "New Vision Innovation — — Seize the opportunity in the transformation and upgrading ",attended by representatives from mainstream media, network audio-visual institutions, technology companies, film and television companies and other aspects. Whether for traditional mainstream media or new audio-visual media, innovation is an eternal theme. Facing the new era and new requirements, how to accelerate the deep integration of traditional mainstream media and create new mainstream media; How the network audio-visual institutions can play a position and role matching their influence in positive publicity and positive energy dissemination, and how to further innovate content, technology and mode to create a "new vision" are all worthy of our in-depth discussion. Let me talk about some experiences for your reference.

　　First, we must further establish deep integration thinking. Radio and television and network audio-visual programs have the same essence, the same function and the same mission. Since the birth of radio and television, our vision and mission is to provide colorful, healthy and progressive audio-visual services for the people. No matter how diverse the communication channels, means and ways are, the nature, attributes and mission of audio-visual media have not changed. The evolution of media and the development of technology are all meeting people’s needs step by step and showing respect for people. We often talk about "big screen" and "small screen". Generally speaking, "big screen" pays more attention to meeting people’s common and more popular needs, and satisfies people’s desire to "sit around and watch" and communicate and share on the spot; "Small screen" can better meet people’s personalized and diversified needs, so that the audience has a more private, personalized and unique space. "Big screen" is not equal to "TV", and new audio-visual media is not necessarily a "small screen". With the development of technology, the integration of traditional media and new media will be further enhanced, and the boundaries will be more blurred. All means can do the integration business. Therefore, we have no reason to look down on the prospect of TV, because TV is not static in technology and communication mode, and it has been developing and evolving constantly.Now the essence of network audio-visual program service is the media service in the form of radio and television. We should recognize this, understand this and accept this. In this way, on the basis of adhering to the standard mission, we can further strengthen the concept of integrated development, and constantly meet and expand people’s new expectations for beautiful audio-visual enjoyment through new channels and forms.

　　Second, we should make further breakthroughs in content innovation. Content is our core advantage and the real expectation of the audience. With the continuous development and progress of technology, people expect to enjoy healthier, better quality, more diversified and personalized program content through audio-visual new media. The general secretary once said that "one set of words can’t satisfy everyone, and one tone can’t be sung all over the world" and "a theme should have multiple communication methods". In terms of content production, both traditional mainstream media and emerging media have the problem of insufficient development imbalance. Compared with the content production of traditional communication channels, the "Internet expression" ability of new media content products produced by mainstream media is still short, and the "sense of the times" should be further improved; Compared with the high coverage and arrival rate of new media, commercial audio-visual websites have not played a full role in positive publicity, and there is still much room for improvement in consciously cooperating with major theme publicity and strengthening the creation of original online programs. In the field of audio-visual services, whether it is a big screen or a small screen, the transfer cost of users is very low. Where the good content is, users will go. Regardless of traditional media or emerging media, we should give full play to our advantages, put in more efforts, make full and strong features and high-quality content, build brands and provide high-quality, healthy and popular content products for different groups of audiences.

　　Third, we should make further breakthroughs in technological innovation. Radio and television is the product of technological progress, and network audio-visual is one of the most active technical fields of innovation. From the "one-to-many" communication of traditional radio and television, to the communication modes including search and interactive functions such as Internet audio-visual programs and Internet television, and to the continuous evolution and deepening of video services and interaction in the era of mobility, socialization and intelligence, the audio-visual field is welcoming a broader new era. It is necessary to closely track and be good at using new technologies such as ultra-high definition, big data and cloud computing to provide strong support for the innovative development of network audiovisual. Internet is not only the connection between people, but also the connection between people and things, things and things. We are welcoming the arrival of the Internet of Things. Facing the online expression of the physical world, video has a great space to play its role.

　　Fourth, we should make further breakthroughs in institutional innovation. The general secretary said, "The key to integration and development lies in integration." System and mechanism are the guarantee of integrated development, and we must adapt to the needs of deep media integration and establish integrated system and mechanism. We should be brave enough to break through the small pattern of resources and interests of the original departments, establish the concept of integrated development, and realize the comprehensive and effective integration of various media resources and production factors. It is necessary to establish an interconnected platform for content planning, collection, storage, production and distribution, and realize the sharing and integration of information content, technology applications, platform terminals and talent teams. Talent is the foundation of innovation, and the essence of innovation drive is talent drive. It is necessary to further explore the establishment of a more flexible talent management mechanism, strengthen distribution incentives, and give full play to the positive performance of leading talents and innovative talents.

　　Fifth, we must strive for a breakthrough in win-win cooperation in the industrial chain. With the increasing influence of the scale of network audio-visual, from broadcasting platform, creative production of content, production of intelligent terminals, interactive marketing to user community, the network audio-visual industry is forming an industrial chain that connects upstream and downstream and aggregates resources of all parties. How to build a more vibrant, dynamic and efficient network audio-visual ecology, so that the upstream and downstream can further cooperate closely and share a win-win situation, which has a strong motivation, but compared with the ideal, there is a big gap, and we must work together to further explore and innovate.

　　I’m going to tell you so much, and I hope to listen to your insights next. Thank you!

Beijing News (Reporter Geng Ziye) On December 18th, it was officially opened in Daxing Campus of Peking University No.1 Hospital, which is about 500 meters away from Gaomidian South Station of Metro Line 4. It is also the first 3A general hospital in Daxing District. At present, except for rheumatology immunology, stomatology, adult ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and emergency department, other departments have been opened, and citizens can make an appointment to register through WeChat service number and 114 platform. The reporter saw on the 114 appointment registration platform that during the current appointment period, some popular department clinics have been fully booked.

On December 18th, the opening ceremony of Daxing Campus of Peking University First Hospital was held. Photo courtesy of Propaganda Department of Daxing District Committee

Daxing Campus of Peking University No.1 Hospital covers an area of 216,000 square meters, with 42 specialties for outpatient service and 1,200 beds. It is estimated that there will be 7,500 outpatient visits per day and 1,167 underground parking spaces. The new campus will build a medical center for women and children, a cancer treatment center, an endoscopic diagnosis and treatment center, an emergency treatment center and an interventional treatment center.

"We are committed to providing homogenization services in dual hospitals to meet the needs of patients in the region." Yang Yinmo, president of Peking University Hospital, said that the region will fully integrate the business of admission appointment registration, hospitalization procedures and bed allocation, so that patients can enjoy the "one-stop" service of admission. In addition, the hospital also implements intensive and intelligent dynamic management of bed resources in the hospital, forming a closed-loop connection from outpatient medical treatment to ward hospitalization.

At the signing ceremony. Photo courtesy of Propaganda Department of Daxing District Committee

The children’s medical center in the hospital area has been opened, with outpatient building and ward building, covering an area of 33,610 square meters. The cancer treatment center has 320 beds, covering an area of about 15,000 square meters. It is a comprehensive treatment center integrating surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeting and intervention. Cancer Treatment Center undertakes the important task of integrating expert resources and solving more complicated and difficult problems. Daxing Campus will provide standardized, individualized and continuous comprehensive diagnosis and treatment programs for cancer patients.

The official opening of Daxing Campus of Peking University First Hospital is also an important milestone in the development of health care in the south of the capital. The opening of Daxing Campus will be implemented by the basic steps of "outpatient service first, ward later, platform first, clinic later, specialty first and comprehensive later", and the basic concept of discipline construction of "big specialty and small comprehensive" has been established. There are also 1167 underground parking spaces in the hospital area to meet the parking needs of medical patients. It is estimated that the number of daily outpatient visits in Daxing Campus can reach 7,500.

Editor Tang Zheng

Proofread Li Lijun

White Deer and Wang Yizhe’s "Spring in the Jade House" is being broadcasted. Although the drama has chosen an overhead historical background, it still takes the Ming Dynasty as the main reference in art and costume modeling. A few days ago, the play production designer Luan Hexin, styling director.Song xiaotaoInterview with the media. In Luan Hexin’s view, Yulouchun tells a short story of a parent, with laughter and laughter, so the aesthetic style of the play is warmth. "I want to present the audience with an emotional connection and warmth in a big family." Most of the indoor scenes in the play are warm colors, and the design of Sunfu Garden adopts the traditional paintings of green mountains and rivers. It refers to a large number of architectural styles in the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, and makes some color matching of architectural styles, removing the cold colors and changing them into warm colors, hoping to present the audience with a living atmosphere containing the life feelings of the characters.

The setting of "Jade House Spring" fits the plot.

Sun Fu: The living environment of each character has been designed uniquely.

Most of the plots in the play are carried out in Sunfu. From the perspective of art, the living environment of each character in Sunfu has been designed relatively uniquely. According to Luan Hexin, for example, Sun Yulou’s room, before Sun Yulou married Lin Shaochun, his room was mainly for fun, like a dude. After Lin Shaochun moved into Sun House, the living room environment of Sun Yulou showed some feminine colors, showing Lin Shaochun’s sense of invasion to the environment. The overall design of Sun Jinge and Adrian Xu Qiaojia is more like a drama stage, and there is a sense of height between husband and wife. Sun Jinge has a lower status than his wife. Their home embodies a theme setting that women are the biggest, with strong red color and strong warm tone to set off the overall atmosphere.

The living environment of each character has been designed uniquely.

Troupe: What I want to do is a dazzling array of happiness and happiness.

Luan Hexin was once shortlisted for the Best Art Award of Magnolia with "Bones are not Begonia Red", and both plays also have elements of a troupe. In Luan Hexin’s view, "Bones" is a drama of the Republic of China, which is decadent in the historical background of troubled times. And the 100-troupe of "Yulouchun" is more like an ancient acrobatic troupe. What it wants to do is a dazzling array of happiness and happiness, which is more relaxed. Therefore, in the hundred theatrical troupes, there are both stages and acrobatic areas. In the play, the living environment of Master Lin Shaochun, Liu Sanjue, has also been specially designed. In the end, no matter what stunts Liu Sanjue has, he has returned to an invalid state, so he can see a Zen sense of being born and an ultimate sense of elegance in his living environment. At the same time, the partition in Liu Sanjue’s room is a symbol of the waning moon, which is also to give the audience some hidden information from the picture language.

Props: 80% of furniture props are made by the crew.

There are some very elegant furniture props in the play. Luan Hexin said that 80% of the furniture props involved in the environment in the play are basically made by the crew themselves. I hope that we can go to complexity and simplicity, so that these props will not jump out of the environment and grab the picture, so more furniture with straight lines is made. "Some props are not up to the production process because of the materials and texture. After they are purchased, we need to re-do the effect processing after two times.

[Modeling Guidance Explaining Character Modeling]

Lin shaochun

Lin Shaochun was born in a complicated family. Miss Official was exiled to the people, and was brought up by Master in Baixi Troupe. In her early days, she was the clothes of ordinary people in the troupe, but it was not too bad. It was a common material, such as linen, but it had exquisite details. Because she is a girl with strong embroidery skills, even simple clothes, she can use her skillful hands to make some decorations, and she will use small embroidery to represent her little thoughts on clothes. The Sun family is a big family. After she married into the Sun family, her dress was close to the style of a wealthy family, and she used the unique cloak, lapel and pleated skirt of the Ming Dynasty.

Sunyulou

Sun Yulou is a feeling of light clouds and light winds. He is a kind and simple person with little talent. He grew up in a scholarly family, a family of officials, but he didn’t pay much attention to these things, just wanted to live happily, so his clothes were relatively simple, but tasteful, with amber, ultramarine blue, and some landscape painting and embroidery, which reflected that Sun Yulou was a master of everyone and had a very bookish feeling.

Lin Shaochun and Sun Yulou’s Wedding Dress

Historically, men’s wedding dresses in the Ming Dynasty were quite simple. Women are well-dressed, and we use the way of cloud shoulders and sleeves. There are cloud shoulders and flowers all the way to the cuffs, and embroidery is mainly based on precious flowers, which is the feeling of wealth and splendor.

Lin Shaochun’s wedding crown is unusual. The wedding crown has always been just gold and silver, gold ornaments or inlaid treasures. This time we added some small pompoms. Traditional Chinese opera clothes usually carry a lot of small pompoms, and some ancient paintings I have seen, Ming Dynasty people (headdresses) will have some small pompoms. So this time, we chose the decoration of fluffy balls to put on the wedding crown, which made it feel a little bit of opera.

Lin Shaochun and Sun Yulou’s daily clothes and wedding clothes.

Sun Shijie (the eldest of the Sun family)

Sun Shijie is a scholar who turns a deaf ear to things outside the window. He is very pedantic, so his clothes are dressed in some particularly elegant colors, but they are very formal, such as some symmetrical embroidery or some bamboo, to represent that he is a bookish and particularly stuffy person.

Sun Junhao (Sun Jia Lao Er)

Sun Junhao is a military attache, who is very restrained and a little dull, so his clothes are very neat, like official casual clothes, straight and simple.

Sunjinge (Sunjia Laosan)

Sun Jinge is very funny, which is the funny responsibility in the whole play. He has the feeling of a dude, so his modeling also uses vulgar and rich elements, the feeling of wearing gold and silver, and a lot of flower patterns on his body, which makes him come out with very rich comedy colors.

Wu Yuehong (Big Mistress)

Wu Yuehong, as the eldest daughter-in-law of Taifufu and the daughter of a military commander, has a warm and straightforward personality, treats people sincerely and loves to dance with knives and guns. Therefore, the colors of her clothes are mostly solid colors, which reflects the enthusiasm of the characters. The style is mainly vest with collar gown, and the layers are distinct and informal.

Everyone’s clothes in the play fit the character.

Su Yingxue (Second Mistress)

Su Yingxue’s overall style is elegant in color, and the use of pale pink and white better sets off Su Yingxue’s identity of being born in a big family and his gentle and elegant personality.

Xu Fengqiao (Third Mistress)

Xu Fengqiao, as the third young lady of Taifu House, is sharp-tongued and arrogant, so her costume color matching is also the most distinctive and bold in the play.

Beijing News reporter Liu Wei

Editor Tong Na proofreads Wu Xingfa.

China men’s 4X100 relay team replaced the bronze medal in Tokyo Olympic Games.

For China track and field, the most exciting news these days is the Olympic bronze medal that belongs to China sprint.

On May 20th, after the International Olympic Committee officially announced that the China track and field men’s 4X100 relay team had won the bronze medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian, the leader of China sprint, also made his first speech through video:"This medal is not just for the four of us, it should belong to all the predecessors who have worked hard and sweated for the sprint project in the country. This medal belongs to everyone."

In European football, with the final match of major leagues, the players’ future has become a focus topic, among which the most influential drama is undoubtedly "Where has Mbappé gone?".

On May 21st, according to a number of European media reports, Mbappé seems to have begun to "seriously consider" renewing his contract with Paris. Paris has offered Mbappé a three-season contract renewal to persuade him to stay.

While Mbappé was still hesitating, Paris Saint-Germain official website announced that Di Maria would leave the team at the end of the season and end her seven-year career in Paris. According to media reports, his next home will probably be Juventus.

Su Bingtian.

Su Bingtian delivered "acceptance speech": Olympic medals belong to national sprinters.

On May 20th, just after the International Olympic Committee officially announced that China’s men’s 4X100 relay team won the bronze medal in Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian officially delivered his "acceptance speech" through video for the first time.

As the leader of the relay team in China, "Asian Flying Man" Su Bingtian said that the medals belong to all the predecessors who have worked hard for the China sprint, and the medals belong to everyone.

"I saw the news this morning. The China men’s 4X100 (relay team) won the bronze medal in the Tokyo Olympics. This news is very surprising to me. " Su Bingtian said.

At last year’s Tokyo Olympic Games, the men’s 4X100 relay team of China, composed of Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang, finished fourth in the final, while the Italian team, the British team and the Canadian team were in the top three respectively. After the game, Uja, the first baseball player of the British team, was found to have violated the anti-doping regulations. On February 18th this year, the court of arbitration for sports (CAS) announced that the silver medal won by the British team would be deprived. This also means that, as usual, China will win the bronze medal. Since then, when Su Bingtian and his teammates can win the Olympic bronze medal, and how to get the medal has become a topic of concern for sports fans.

"It’s officially announced today that our China men’s relay team has finally won the Olympic medal … which means a lot to us." Su Bingtian said, "This medal is not just for the four of us. It should belong to all the predecessors who have worked hard and sweated for the sprint project in the country. This medal belongs to everyone."

According to the regulations of the International Olympic Committee on the reissue of Olympic medals, the athletes of the China team can choose one of six ways as a ceremony to reissue medals. These six ways include: awarding medals at the next Olympic Games, the Youth Olympic Games, the ioc headquarters or the Olympic Museum, relevant activities of the National Olympic Committee (region), relevant activities of international individual sports organizations or through private ceremonies.

Although how to distribute the Olympic bronze medals won by the China relay team has not yet been determined, Su Bingtian expressed his belief that China sprinters will have the opportunity to stand on the Olympic podium again in the future.

"The first step has been taken today. I believe that the young people in China and more athletes in the future will do everything to stand on the podium of the Olympic Games." Su Bingtian said, "I also see the possibility of more China athletes now, and cheer for our China sprint!"

Mbappé went to keep the mystery.

Mbappé is still considering the offer of Greater Paris, and Real Madrid may have a good time.

During this period, the football drama about "Where did Mbappé go?" earned enough attention on social networks. Just when everyone thinks that Real Madrid is determined to win, it seems that Greater Paris is going to stage a "turnaround".

On May 21st, according to many European media reports, Greater Paris made a "desperate" negotiation condition, hoping to keep Mbappé. According to "European Sports", Barley provided Mbappé with a signing bonus of 300 million euros and an annual salary of 100 million euros after tax. In addition, he will retain most of his portrait rights, which he can use when he thinks fit. According to Racing.com, Mbappé has been offered a three-season contract extension to persuade him to stay.

Under such circumstances, Real Madrid, which had confidence in Mbappé’s signing, seemed to feel more and more uncertain.

Earlier, according to Marca, in the latest negotiation, the Mbappé team asked Real Madrid for a signing fee of 200 million euros, which was exactly equal to the last transfer offer made by Real Madrid to Paris last year. After negotiations, the two sides finally agreed that the signing fee was 130 million euros. With regard to the right to portrait, florentino made an unprecedented major concession, and Mbappé’s share was much higher than Real Madrid’s 60% right to portrait for Cristiano Ronaldo.

The Mbappé team finally agreed to all the conditions offered by Real Madrid. But the "hidden danger" that worries Real Madrid is that Mbappé held talks with Paris Saint-Germain Club this week after reaching an oral agreement with Real Madrid. When Grand Paris showed its "last sincerity", Mbappé seemed to waver again.

Mbappé’s mother admitted in an interview with the media that they have reached an agreement with Real Madrid and Paris, and now they are only waiting for Mbappé to make a decision. "The quotations of Paris and Real Madrid are almost the same. At Real Madrid, my son can also control the right to portrait. Now we are waiting for him to make a decision. "

Mbappé’s mother also said: "There will be no new negotiations on the future of Mbappé, and the talks have ended. We have now reached an agreement with Real Madrid and Paris. Now that the discussion is over, it is time for Mbappé to make a choice. "

According to Team, Mbappé will announce his future on Sunday. Mbappé will make a decision in the next few hours, after the game against Metz in Prince Park on Saturday night.

Wimbledon integral cancelled.

ATP and WTA officials declare heavy penalty: cancel Wimbledon points

The International Men’s Professional Tennis Association (ATP) and the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) have decided to cancel Wimbledon’s world ranking points due to the announcement that Russian and Belarusian athletes are prohibited from participating in the Wimbledon tennis tournament.

In the early morning of May 21st, ATP and WTA successively announced the penalty decision for Wimbledon. ATP announced that it would cancel the ranking points of Wimbledon in 2022. WTA also announced that this year’s Wimbledon will not award WTA ranking points.

Prior to this, the All England Lawn Tennis Club issued a statement, announcing that Russian and Belarusian players were banned from participating in this year’s Wimbledon, and called on other British events to unite and implement this decision together. In the face of external doubts, the head of the All England Lawn Tennis Club said that there is no other feasible choice and alternative except to ban Russian and Belarusian athletes from participating in the competition.

After Wimbledon made such a decision, the men who were banned from Wimbledon included the world’s No.2 Medvedev, No.8 Lublev, No.26 Kachanov, No.30 Karatsev and No.44 Ivanshka.. As for women, the Belarusian world famous Sabalenka, the 18th Zarenka, the 15th Russian world famous Pavlyuchenkova, the 26th Kasakina, and the 29th Kudmitova were also unable to attend.

Nowadays, ATP and WTA have given heavy penalties successively. The British "Guardian" said that this means that Wimbledon has become an exhibition game in essence, and athletes will not be able to get ranking points in this year’s competition. Players who performed well last year will not be able to defend their points and their rankings will be seriously disrupted.

Regarding the penalty decision, the ATP statement stated that athletes of any nationality should participate in the competition without discrimination according to their own abilities. The Wimbledon tennis tournament in Britain prohibited Russian and Belarusian athletes from participating in the competition, which undermined this principle and the integrity of the ATP ranking system.

Di Maria left Greater Paris.

Di Maria will end her seven-year career in Paris or sign for Juventus.

Before Mbappé made a final decision, it was certain that Di Maria would leave the team when her contract expired this summer.

On May 21st, the official of Greater Paris announced that Di Maria would leave the team at the end of the season and end her seven-year career in Paris. The game against Metz became Di Maria’s farewell battle.

In the summer of 2015, Di Maria joined Paris from Manchester United with a transfer fee of 63 million euros. So far, Di Maria has played 294 games for Paris, scoring 91 goals and assisting 111 times. These 111 assists made Di Maria the king of assists in the history of Paris.

In this season, Di Maria made 30 appearances, and he scored 4 goals and assisted 8 times. During her seven years in Paris, Di Maria won 18 championship trophies with the team, including 5 in Ligue 1, 5 in the French Cup, 4 in the French League Cup and 4 in the French Super Cup.

On social networks, Di Maria has begun to bid farewell to Greater Paris in advance. On her social account, Di Maria sent a family photo of the whole team after training. Soon after, Di Maria also sent a photo of herself holding the team’s signature jersey.

"Di Maria has undoubtedly left a deep mark on the team’s history, and fans will always remember that he is a strong fighter who will always fight for the Paris jersey. I invited Paris fans to watch the last round of Ligue 1 in order to pay tribute to him. " Nasser, the president of Grand Paris, appealed to the fans, and the Grand Paris fan organization was also prepared to pay tribute to the Argentines.

After coming to Europe, Di Maria played in Portuguese Super League, La Liga, Premier League and French League. As for his future, according to media reports, the 34-year-old Argentine will go to Serie A next. Romano, a well-known European journalist, pointed out that Juve had been talking with Di Maria for several weeks. Many Italian media believe that Di Maria will be exempted from signing Juventus, and he will get a "1+1" contract. Considering Di Maria’s age, this may be his last contract in Europe.

Manchester United cancels annual awards dinner.

Manchester United canceled the annual awards dinner because of the team’s poor record

On May 20th, according to British media reports, due to poor performance this season, Manchester United cancelled the annual internal awards dinner.

Traditionally, Manchester United will hold an award ceremony at the end of the season to commend players who have performed well throughout the season, but due to the epidemic, no award ceremony has been held in the past two years. Now the epidemic situation in Europe has stabilized, but because of the poor performance of the team, Manchester United will not hold the award ceremony again.

Manchester United not only failed to win a championship this season, but also failed to win the Champions League next season, and the team’s points also created the lowest in the history of the Premier League. According to the Mirror, some Manchester United players told the club that it would be embarrassing if they attended the award ceremony, so the club accepted this suggestion and cancelled the award dinner.

However, the selection of the best player of the season will still be held, and the fans will vote online. The club will announce the final result on the official website and award the trophy to the elected player.

It is worth mentioning that Ma Diqi will leave the team at the end of this season. In an interview with the official website, he said that despite the poor performance this season, the players have done their best: "I just want to tell the fans that the players have done their best, whether in the game or in training. I believe that Manchester United will return to the peak, but it will take some time. Please continue to support the team and everyone should unite. "

　

　　

Municipal (state) and county (city, district) people’s governments, relevant departments of the provincial government and relevant units:

　　In order to speed up the construction of a modern comprehensive transportation system in western China and further promote the sustained and healthy development of provincial highways in our province, with the consent of the provincial government, we now put forward the following opinions on strengthening the coordinated development of construction, management, maintenance and transportation of provincial highways in our province.

　　I. Overall Requirements and Development Tasks

　　(1) General requirements. Adhere to the concept of "five major developments", focus on comprehensively implementing the "three major development strategies" of the provincial party committee, vigorously promoting the overall deployment of "two leapfrogging" and the overall requirements of the provincial government to transform its functions and strengthen public services, establish an ordinary national and provincial highway management system and mechanism with public financial security as the mainstay, and the responsibilities of power and expenditure are compatible, so as to promote the coordinated development of the construction, management and transportation of ordinary national and provincial highways, accelerate the establishment of a modern comprehensive transportation system, and provide a strong transportation guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　(2) Development tasks. Focusing on speeding up construction, strengthening management and maintenance, safe transportation and improving services, we will improve the investment and financing mechanism based on public financial input, improve the coordinated development mechanism of construction, management, maintenance and transportation, accelerate the upgrading and upgrading of ordinary national and provincial highways, enhance the management and maintenance capacity, and build an ordinary national and provincial transportation network with clear functions, reasonable structure, appropriate scale, smooth connection and efficient management. By 2020, the functions of provincial highways in the province will be more perfect, the quality will be significantly improved, the transportation will be standardized and orderly, the mechanism will be more perfect, and sustained, coordinated and healthy development will be achieved.

　　Second, to further clarify the job responsibilities

　　(3) Implementing the main responsibility. City (state) people’s government is the main body responsible for the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of provincial highways in ordinary countries. It is necessary to attach great importance to it, strengthen organization and leadership, establish a working mechanism, strengthen the guarantee of funds, land, personnel and other factors, timely study and coordinate and solve major problems in highway development, and promote the coordinated development of provincial highways in ordinary countries. County (city, district) people’s governments shall do a good job in related work according to the division of powers and responsibilities.

　　(4) Defining the main body of work. Transportation authorities at all levels are the main body of the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of provincial highways in ordinary countries, and are specifically responsible for the construction, management and transportation of provincial highways in ordinary countries. They should gradually merge and integrate the existing management functions of highway maintenance, highway traffic law enforcement and toll collection at the corresponding level, establish an operational mechanism for monitoring the road conditions of provincial highways in ordinary countries, and form a unified, efficient and coordinated highway management organization. Provincial transportation departments are responsible for drafting the development plans, policies and rules and regulations for the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of ordinary national highways in the province, and do a good job in the supervision and management of the design approval, credit evaluation, road passenger and freight transportation, transportation stations (fields) and other construction projects of ordinary national highways in the province according to laws and regulations.

　　(5) Strengthen coordination and cooperation. The financial departments at all levels should strengthen the overall planning of funds and guarantee the development funds for the construction, management and transportation of ordinary national and provincial highways. City (state) financial departments should incorporate it into the important content of public financial security at the corresponding level, and strengthen budget arrangement and fund supervision. All levels of development and reform, land and resources, environmental protection, water conservancy, housing and urban construction, public security and other departments should strengthen coordination and cooperation to form a joint effort.

　　Third, improve the public finance guarantee mechanism

　　(6) Increase financial input. Continue to increase investment in the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of ordinary national and provincial highways, and improve the investment and financing mechanism based on government public finance investment. City (state) people’s government according to the actual situation to determine the city (state), county (city, district) two levels of financial sharing ratio, and were included in the budget at the corresponding level, fully implemented.

　　(7) Expand financing channels. Coordinate the use of various investment funds, special funds, local government bonds and other funds to increase investment in the development of ordinary national and provincial roads. Explore the establishment of market financing methods such as PPP (government and social capital) model that adapts to the development of ordinary highways, and encourage and guide social funds to participate in the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of ordinary national highways.

　　(8) Strengthen the supervision of funds. Standardize the allocation and use of special funds, strengthen supervision and management, and ensure earmarking; Improve the performance appraisal system for the use of funds, strengthen audit supervision according to law, and effectively improve the efficiency of the use of funds.

　　Fourth, establish and improve the coordinated development mechanism

　　(9) Strengthen planning guidance. Adhere to the idea of integrated development, scientifically formulate regional economic and social development plans and special transportation development plans in accordance with the principles of scientific planning, moderate advancement and capabilities, coordinate all aspects of construction, management, maintenance and transportation of ordinary national and provincial roads, reasonably determine development goals, promote the coordinated development of construction, management, maintenance and transportation of ordinary national and provincial roads, improve traffic capacity and service level, and continuously enhance the support, guidance and guarantee role of ordinary national and provincial roads in economic and social development.

　　(10) Establish a coordinated promotion mechanism. Transportation authorities at all levels should establish a working mechanism for overall coordination and overall promotion of the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of ordinary national and provincial highways, further improve rules and regulations and industry standards, simultaneously implement and improve supporting facilities such as safety protection, highway management and maintenance, arrange and implement management and maintenance work, make overall plans for the development of passenger and freight transportation, and comprehensively improve the development quality of ordinary national and provincial highways.

　　(eleven) to build an intelligent transportation system. In accordance with the requirements of "smart transportation", accelerate the informationization of ordinary national and provincial highways, build a unified and efficient management system such as the comprehensive management platform of smart highways, the quality and safety supervision and management platform, the road condition monitoring and early warning system, the credit information service system of highway market and the transportation information publishing platform, and promote the digitalization and informationization of the construction, management and transportation of ordinary national and provincial highways.

　　Five, improve the quality of construction management

　　(12) Strengthen the preliminary work. City (state) and county (city, district) relevant departments should guide the design unit to do a good job in the preliminary work of the project and improve the quality of design work in strict accordance with relevant national policies, regulations and industry technical standards and norms. The provincial transportation authorities shall, according to the relevant national and provincial plans for the development of ordinary highways and the completion of the preliminary work of the project, build a three-year preliminary work management library for ordinary highway construction projects and implement dynamic management.

　　(13) Strengthen quality and safety supervision. Transportation authorities at all levels should strictly implement the mandatory standards for highway construction. City (state) transportation departments should clarify the responsibilities of city (state) and county (city, district) engineering quality and safety supervision, improve the ability of engineering quality and safety supervision, strengthen the construction of quality supervision institutions, and implement the full coverage of quality supervision of new reconstruction and maintenance projects of ordinary national and provincial roads in combination with the purchase of social services and cooperation with third-party institutions, and implement the territorial supervision responsibilities of construction safety production. Provincial transportation departments should study and formulate guidelines for construction standardization, improve the quality management measures for the construction and maintenance of provincial highways in ordinary countries, and improve the credit evaluation system for contractors and personnel.

　　(fourteen) to promote the application of scientific and technological transformation. Transportation authorities at all levels should encourage and support scientific and technological innovation, and establish and improve the system of scientific and technological innovation in transportation; Actively promote the transformation and application of "new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment" in engineering construction and maintenance, accelerate the application of green recycling, low carbon, energy saving, environmental protection, intensive and efficient construction and maintenance technologies, and improve the scientific and technological level of transportation development.

　　Sixth, strengthen maintenance management

　　(fifteen) continue to strengthen maintenance management. The municipal (state) people’s government should ensure that the transfer payment funds for the reform of refined oil prices and taxes and fees are given priority for the maintenance of ordinary national and provincial roads. We will continue to implement the provincial-level policy of coordinating refined oil prices and tax and fee reform, and transfer payment funds to ordinary national and provincial highways for large and medium-sized repair projects. Strengthen the construction of maintenance capacity, and accelerate the upgrading and transformation of maintenance and emergency maintenance centers and maintenance stations. Build maintenance demonstration projects, promote maintenance standardization and information construction, increase the proportion of minor repairs and preventive maintenance in special projects, simplify the working procedures of major repairs and improve the efficiency of capital use.

　　(sixteen) to strengthen road management. Strengthen the construction of road law enforcement team, improve the highway law enforcement responsibility system, appraisal system, misjudged case investigation system and departmental law enforcement publicity system. The people’s governments of cities (prefectures) and counties (cities, districts) should strengthen the control of vehicle overloading, adhere to the joint management of road traffic law enforcement and public security and traffic police, and effectively protect the achievements of provincial highway construction and maintenance in ordinary countries. The financial departments of cities (prefectures) and counties (cities, districts) should earnestly implement the financial budget management system for law enforcement funds, and incorporate the funds needed for the salaries and benefits of law enforcement personnel, law enforcement stations, the construction and maintenance of law enforcement facilities and equipment, and business training into the comprehensive budget of relevant departments in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Transport.

　　(17) Improve emergency support capabilities. People’s governments at all levels should establish and improve the safety emergency guarantee system, formulate and improve the emergency plan for emergencies in ordinary national and provincial highways, implement emergency guarantee funds, and establish highway traffic emergency equipment and materials reserve centers in areas where conditions permit. City (state) people’s government should strengthen the safety supervision of highway facilities such as bridges, tunnels and highway security projects in ordinary countries.

　　Seven, improve the level of transportation services.

　　(eighteen) to ensure transportation safety. Establish and improve the linkage mechanism of safety supervision, public security, transportation departments and grass-roots governments along the line, strictly implement the main responsibility of safety production of transportation enterprises and the supervision responsibilities of relevant departments, give full play to the joint efforts of mass prevention and treatment, strengthen the operation supervision of passenger vehicles, strengthen the improvement, maintenance and maintenance of traffic signs, markings and safety protection facilities, extensively carry out publicity and education on traffic safety of people along national and provincial roads, and constantly consolidate the foundation for the development of road transportation safety.

　　(nineteen) to improve the service level. Overall planning of supporting services along ordinary national highways, planning and construction of supporting passenger transport facilities that are convenient for people to travel along the roads when passing through towns and villages, continuous improvement of road passenger transfer facilities, effective connection of various modes of transportation, and improvement of transportation service level. Strengthen the management of transportation order, establish and improve the working mechanism of comprehensive management of transportation market, severely crack down on illegal operations and illegal business practices, and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of operators and passengers.

　　Eight, strengthen the target performance appraisal

　　(twenty) at the provincial level, it is necessary to establish and improve a scientific evaluation system for the construction, management, maintenance and transportation development of ordinary national highways, and refine the evaluation indicators; According to the principle of "rewarding the superior and punishing the inferior, rewarding the diligent and punishing the lazy", the construction, management, maintenance and transportation of provincial highways in ordinary countries are linked to the arrangement of subsidy funds. All localities should also combine the actual situation with reference to the establishment of a corresponding assessment and evaluation system to promote the coordinated development of provincial highway construction, management, maintenance and transportation in ordinary countries.

　

　

The State Council on nationwide clean-up.

Notice on the work of "triangle debt"

　

Guofa [1990〕19number

　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government,All ministries and agencies directly under the State Council.:

　　 present,Due to the weak market,Finished goods backlog,The contradiction of insufficient liquidity in industrial production is very acute.,It is very serious for enterprises and units to default on each other’s payment for goods and to owe each other before clearing and after clearing.,It has become a prominent problem that affects the normal production at present.,It also damaged social credit. In order to alleviate this contradiction,The State Council decided to clean up the "triangle debt" nationwide. Leading comrades in all regions and departments should attach great importance to this work.,Take it as an important task of rectification and deepening reform. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　 First, the principle of paying off debts. Clearing debts should be combined with starting and promoting the current industrial production.,Combined with the implementation of national industrial policies and the adjustment of industrial and product structure.,Combined with strengthening the construction of fund management system,Combined with the promotion of invigorating the market.

　　 Second, methods and steps. The work of clearing debts is carried out in a piecemeal and bottom-up way. first step,First in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and infrastructure, foreign trade, commerce, materials and other systems.,By all regions and departments to organize their own work. In combination with the recent issuance of various loans,All enterprises and units whose construction funds and foreign trade, commerce and material system acquisition funds have been put in place.,Payment for equipment or raw materials owed to the production enterprise shall be paid immediately. National key construction funds have not yet been put in place,Finance, credit and other relevant departments should pay in full in time.,No new arrears will be added. Second step,With the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government as the center.,Organize inter-provincial(District and city)Regional clean-up of. Third step,Carry out nationwide clean-up on the basis of regional clean-up. The work of clearing debts will be basically completed before the end of July this year.

　　 Third, in order to clean up the "triangle debt",The bank will invest a batch of start-up funds.

　　 Fourth, in order to solve the problem of clearing before and owing after,All enterprises and units must abide by the contract.,Strictly enforce the discipline of financial settlement. From April 1st this year.,Any unit that unreasonably defaults on payment for goods.,Pay daily interest to the payeethree?Late fees.

　　 Five, to strengthen the leadership of the work. The State Council decided to set up a leading group in the State Council to clean up the "triangular debt"(The list of members is attached.),Responsible for organizing and leading the work of cleaning up "triangular debts" nationwide. The leading group has a temporary office.,Production Committee in the State Council,It is composed of personnel selected by relevant departments.,No additional organization and establishment. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for the main leading comrades of the government.,Involve relevant departments.,Form a leading group to clean up the "triangular debt". The relevant administrative departments in the State Council should also be responsible for the main leading comrades.,Set up a leading group to clean up the "triangular debt".

　　 All localities and departments should earnestly follow the above requirements.,Do a good job in cleaning up the "triangle debt",Invigorate the production of enterprises, especially large and medium-sized enterprises,To ensure the sustained, stable and coordinated development of the national economy.

　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　State Council

　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　March 26, 1990

　

List of members of the leading group for cleaning up "triangular debts" in the State Council

　

group　 long　State Councilor Zou Jiahua and Director of the State Planning Commission

deputy group leader　leaf 　Deputy Director of the State Planning Commission and Director of the the State Council Production Committee.

Zhou Zhengqing, Vice President of China People’s Bank

succeed　member　 Liu Zhongli, Vice Minister of Finance

Zhang Shiyao, Vice Minister of Commerce

Shen Jueren, Vice Minister of Economy and Trade

Ma Yimin, Vice Minister ministry of materials and equipment

Vice President of Industrial and Commercial Bank of Liu Tinghuan

Zhou Hanrong, Vice President of China Construction Bank

Lin Zhongjie, Vice President of Agricultural Bank

Lei Zuhua, Vice President of China Bank

　

　　CCTV News:There is such a planet, which lies between the earth and Jupiter and is the fourth closest planet to the sun. If you look at it with the naked eye, it will show a more prominent red color than the surrounding stars in the night sky of the earth. The ancients in China called it "as bright as fire". This star is Mars. Soon, we will have the opportunity to get in touch with it. On November 14th, the National Space Administration made public the Mars exploration mission in China for the first time, and planned to implement it in 2020.

　　The mission of Mars exploration this time is the lander hovering obstacle avoidance test, which mainly simulates the process of lander hovering, obstacle avoidance and slow descent in the Mars environment at the ground test site, and comprehensively verifies the correctness of its design.

　　The lander hovering obstacle avoidance test is the largest comprehensive test site for the landing of extraterrestrial objects in Asia. This test simulates the gravity environment of Mars, and the gravity acceleration on Mars is about one third of that of the Earth. According to the plan, China will launch the first Mars exploration mission next year. The goal is to realize the three tasks of "circling, landing and patrolling" through one launch mission, carry out global and comprehensive exploration of Mars, and conduct fine patrol exploration of key areas on the surface of Mars.

　　Why launch next year? Only once every 26 months.

　　Mars is not something we can go to if we want to. Do you know why we chose to launch in 2020?

　　This is because there will be a "Mars Rush to the Sun" every 26 months. At that time, the sun, the earth and Mars will be in a straight line. At this point in time, Mars exploration will take the shortest flight route and save the most fuel. The closest window to the current time is 2020, so China’s Mars exploration mission is also aimed at this window.

　　Moreover, not only China, but also the United States will launch "Mars 2020" next year, India will launch "Man Garian 2" next year, and UAE hopes to launch "Hope" &hellip next year; … Many Mars probes from all over the world have chosen to compete on Mars next year.

　　Mars exploration "two steps" and one step to realize "round tour"

　　Four hundred years ago, Kepler wrote in a letter to Galileo: "We should build ships and sails suitable for flying to the sacred sky, and then there will be such pioneers who will not shrink back in the face of boundless space." For the first Mars exploration, Chinese scientists have been working hard. Compared with other countries’ fire exploration missions in the past, China’s Mars has to complete the soft landing of the Mars probe at one time, which has a high starting point and is more difficult.

　　Zhang Rong Bridge, chief designer of the first Mars exploration mission: put forward a two-step route. In the process of demonstration in 2013, one step will realize winding, landing and patrolling, and the other step will complete sampling and returning, so as to make our country reach the advanced level in the field of Mars exploration by 2030.

　　Sun Zezhou, chief designer of the probe system for the first Mars exploration mission: For some time, the implementation of the lunar exploration project has been a technical traction. In terms of technical ability and technical level, we have the technical ability and technical level to realize the circumnavigation, landing and inspection at one time.

　　Sun Zezhou said that based on the technology in the lunar exploration project, China has carried out pre-research on the key technologies of Mars exploration. The research and development of many new technologies needed for the characteristics of Mars exploration is also progressing steadily. For example, the parachute used to land on Mars is a breakthrough technology development.

　　Sun Zezhou, chief designer of the probe system for the first Mars exploration mission: Our earth’s parachute is opened at subsonic speed, and the Mars probe is to open at supersonic speed. In this way, under a complicated aerodynamic condition, the design of the umbrella still needs a lot of work for us before we can really master it.

　　Why do we need to explore Mars when the road is too long?

　　Going to Mars is really not that easy. Apart from the window period and technical difficulties, there is also the problem of time. It takes about 6 months to sail just to go, and with the processes of sampling and returning, it takes about 3 years for a complete round trip. Since it is so difficult, why should we explore Mars?

　　A year on Mars is 687 Earth Days, and a Mars Day is almost as long as Earth Day. There are also four seasons here, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Its diameter is half of the earth’s, its weight is one tenth of the earth’s, and its gravity is one third of the earth’s. The weightlessness is not too serious. You can still keep your feet on the ground and look up at the stars when you board Mars. It’s a little cold on Mars, with an average temperature of minus 55 degrees Celsius, reaching minus 100 degrees Celsius in the coldest night, and 20 degrees Celsius in the equatorial region at noon in summer, which is very comfortable. In addition, humans have discovered underground salt lakes on Mars.

　　At present, humans have conducted more than 230 solar system explorations. The detection result shows that among the eight planets, five dwarf planets and 165 satellites in the entire solar system, only Mars is the most similar to the Earth, and only Mars may be transformed to realize large-scale immigration. So far, we can’t find a second such planet in the universe.

　　What should I do to explore Mars this time?

　　So what are we going to do this time to explore Mars?

　　Experts say that the primary scientific problem of Mars exploration is to detect the information of life activities on Mars, including whether there was life on Mars in the past, the conditions and environment for the existence of life on Mars, as well as the origin of life and the exploration of extraterrestrial life. The second is to accumulate information for the scientific research of Mars ontology; The third is to explore the long-term transformation of Mars and the prospect of establishing a second habitat for human beings in the future.

　　Maybe in the next twenty years or so, we can see that humans will land on Mars for the first time. In the next hundred years, we may build a medium-sized Mars city on Mars. In the next thousand years, we may transform Mars into a planet suitable for human habitation.

　　The Municipal Education Commission and the Education Supervision Office of the municipal government will carry out special treatment on the "primary school" of kindergartens. Before the end of March next year, kindergartens, primary schools and educational institutions with problems will be comprehensively rectified. Beijing Youth Daily reporters visited some private kindergartens as parents, and found that it is normal to set up "after-school delayed classes", "pre-school classes" and "young connecting classes" in kindergartens. Adding and subtracting, recognizing seven or eight hundred Chinese characters within 100, reciting Disciples Rules, learning "logical rules" and other foreign primary school contents are all in the learning list, and the learning difficulty reaches the level of the second grade of primary school.

　　policy

　　The city started the special treatment of kindergarten "primary school"

　　In July this year, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued "On the development of kindergartens ‘ Primary school ’ Notice of Special Governance Work "clarifies five major governance tasks: it is strictly forbidden to teach primary school curriculum content; Correct the "primary school" education mode; Rectify the "primary school" educational environment; Solve the problem of unqualified teachers’ qualifications; Primary schools should adhere to zero-starting teaching. A few days ago, the Municipal Education Commission and the Education Supervision Office of the Municipal People’s Government announced the "Notice on Carrying out the Special Governance Work of" Primary School ".The notice emphasized that measures such as combining self-examination with mopping, combining spot check with rectification, and combining centralized rectification with long-term mechanism will be taken to comprehensively consider and gradually promote the implementation of games as the basic activity in kindergartens, strictly implement the" zero starting point "teaching in primary schools, and strive to standardize the educational behavior of education and training institutions.

　　According to the requirements, the self-examination and arrangement will be completed before the end of October this year. The district education committees will formulate their own governance plans, organize kindergartens, primary schools and education and training institutions to carry out self-examination as required, and the district education committees will carry out spot checks and arrangement, make corrections while checking, and resolutely correct all kinds of wrong behaviors that tend to be "primary school". Before the end of March next year, the Municipal Education Commission will carry out spot checks and investigations on the special treatment of "primary school" in kindergartens, promote rectification, and rectify kindergartens, primary schools and education and training institutions with major problems according to laws and regulations.

　　status

　　Private kindergarten "young connecting class" has become an enrollment gimmick

　　The director of a public kindergarten told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that in his kindergarten, he mainly emphasized the cultivation of children’s habits and learning ability, and emphasized the combination of conservation. Let children increase their knowledge of things through various games and activities. "For example, we will take the children in large classes to visit the primary school to let them know what the primary school is like, what the bathroom is like, how to study, etc., and we will never give the children classes in advance, let them recite ancient poems, leave homework after school, etc."

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that it is precisely because the training program of public kindergartens does not involve specific primary school textbook knowledge that it has become a gimmick for private kindergartens to attract students. "If you are in kindergarten in Tongzhou, we want to go to primary school in the city in the future. Preschool classes must be attended. If you don’t learn anything, you can’t keep up with the progress of primary school learning. If you don’t learn anything, you will definitely suffer. " Ms. Liu, a kindergarten supporting a community in Tongzhou, revealed to the reporter of Beiqing Daily. "Pinyin is very difficult to learn. The primary school teacher soon taught it, and it is not easy to master it. After the big class, we have a special Pinyin teacher to delay the children after class. In the past, our own kindergarten taught Pinyin in the big class, but now we are not allowed to teach it. We will take it out as a delay after class." The staff of a private kindergarten in Xicheng District also introduced to the reporter of Beiqing Daily.

　　parent of a child

　　"Learning is simple, what should I do after going to primary school?"

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from some parents that although private parks are constantly "ahead" of their children’s learning content, parents always respect it. "In fact, these contents in preschool classes in kindergartens are not difficult, and I think they are too simple." Jia’s parents said that in addition to attending preschool classes in kindergarten, she also reported her Erbao to the preschool classes of off-campus training institutions, which made her learn more advanced. In mathematics, she had to learn acute angles, right angles and obtuse angles, and she had to learn rays and line segments. "There are also questions like this, how long a snail climbs a tree, how much it climbs the first day, how much it climbs the next day, and then ask how much it can climb in a few days &hellip. …”

　　"To tell the truth, these children are really struggling to learn before they go to primary school, and they don’t quite understand. But I also learned lessons. My first child didn’t learn so much before, so I fell behind. " The parents said that the reason why children learn so advanced in kindergarten is that parents have no choice. "Like public kindergartens, they don’t teach anything, and they learn simply. What should we do after going to primary school?" Some key primary schools have to interview in advance, and interviews are very difficult. "

　　survey

　　Difficult content

　　The content of kindergarten graduation study reaches the level of the second grade of primary school.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from the parents of some children attending private kindergartens that the difficulty of children’s learning in kindergartens at present makes parents feel "difficult". Can add and subtract within 100, and can recognize 700 or 800 Chinese characters … … For Jia’s parents who send their two children from private kindergartens to primary schools, these are all "one-stop services" that kindergartens have to do before primary schools, that is, after finishing small classes, middle classes and large classes, they have to attend kindergarten preschool classes for half a year to one year. The content of the preschool class is the content of the primary school. "Four English classes a week, three foreign teachers, one Chinese teacher and one Cambridge student".

　　The parents of the children in the middle class of another private international kindergarten in Beijing also revealed to the reporter of Beiqing Daily that every Tuesday, the kindergarten has a half-day Chinese class to teach Chinese studies. One of the contents is to recite Disciples Rules from beginning to end … … "Because private kindergartens use textbooks independently selected by the park, parents can’t judge whether the content they learn is age-appropriate and conforms to the children’s cognitive laws, but it is obviously beyond the scope to recite the Disciple’s Rules in full text, even not the requirements of primary school students. This is really too difficult, but kindergartens require memorization and can only do it." The parent mentioned.

　　When it comes to mathematics, the parent also said that in addition to Chinese classes, the content of mathematics classes in the kindergarten is also a difficult IQ problem, and even involves the problems of series and logical laws. "Like finding laws in ABAB, AABB and 234234. Mathematics is mostly similar to this kind of IQ test, which requires improving children’s ability to recognize laws. " The parents also revealed that because the children are attending international classes in kindergartens, they are taught by foreign teachers for one and a half days every day, and half of them are in an English environment. Therefore, the English teaching level of children from the age of five has already exceeded the normal teaching scope of primary schools today. "English has to be learned early, but the situation of each child is different. My small class can still keep up, and the middle class is a bit difficult."

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from an on-the-job teacher of a public primary school that the level of adding and subtracting, recognizing seven or eight hundred Chinese characters, memorizing the complete Disciple Rules and the "logical law" of mathematics within 100 years of kindergarten graduation has reached the level of the second grade of primary school.

　　Heavy burden

　　Parents have homework every day and have a "mid-term" exam.

　　As parents, the reporter of Beiqing Daily called and visited some private kindergartens in Haidian District, Tongzhou District and Xicheng District respectively, and found that some private kindergartens set up courses in the name of "young connection" and "preschool class". When the reporter of Beiqing Daily visited a supporting kindergarten in Tongzhou District, he found that in addition to the regular classes such as small class, middle class and large class, the kindergarten also has preschool classes. I saw rows of desks neatly arranged in the classroom of preschool class, and the curriculum plan of preschool class was posted at the door of the classroom. The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that the study contents in the first week of September in the course plan included learning the correct pronunciation and four tones of vowels A, O and E, knowing the four lines and three grids, and practicing the correct possessive writing. The mathematical contents include knowing the adjacent number, knowing that two numbers with a difference of 1 are adjacent to each other, and correctly judging the adjacent number … …

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily also learned that in this preschool class, the curriculum is similar to that of primary school. Chinese, mathematics and English are taught in different subjects, and there is morning reading in the morning. There are special textbooks, and Chinese characters, pinyin and mathematics are all studied, and every day the teacher will assign homework. "Teachers send homework to parents through parents, and we have exams every six months, which is equivalent to giving children a summary of one semester and also to let children develop the habit of being in school." The person in charge of Liu in the park introduced to the reporter of Beiqing Daily.

　　High fees

　　Young convergence embedded in the large class course charges 1980 yuan per subject.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that most young bridging courses will be embedded in the courses of large classes. The person in charge of a supporting kindergarten in a community in Tongzhou told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that if your child starts to attend a small class at the age of 2 and a half, it can last for four years, and then go directly to preschool after the big class. If you plan to have a small class when your child is 3 years old, you can go directly to preschool after the middle class. "The charging standard is the same as the normal large class and small class in the park, with a monthly fee of 4,350 yuan. Our preschool class uses the professional courses of the organization, which is very professional. " The person in charge of Liu said.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily also learned from a private kindergarten in Xicheng District that the kindergarten has after-school delayed classes from small classes to large classes, including abacus, pinyin, painting, robotics and other courses, which are voluntarily registered by students. Large classes include abacus mental arithmetic and pinyin.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily found that after-school delayed classes of English subjects can be attended from small classes. "We mainly serve parents. Some parents can’t pick up their children after work, so they use this 5: 00 to 6: 00 to open some extra-curricular delayed courses. The fees are much cheaper than outside. For example, English is held twice a week, and each semester is only 1980 yuan, from small classes to large classes."

　　expert

　　Premature indoctrination of super-class content is not good for children’s body and mind

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, said: Kindergarten itself should let children grow up through games, and it is a relatively independent learning segment. Premature exposure to standardized knowledge has a great influence on children’s development. Chu Zhaohui said that when children who learn knowledge in kindergarten enter the first grade, their test scores are higher than those of children who play games in kindergarten. However, in the second and third grades, it began to divide, and many children’s academic performance declined in the third grade, which we called "the third grade phenomenon".

　　Studies have shown that the younger a child is, the shorter his concentration time will be: 9 minutes at age 3, 12 minutes at age 4 and 14 minutes at age 5. The "primary school" of early childhood education is a repetitive education. If children are forced to concentrate for a long time, it will be harmful to their physical and mental development and not helpful to instill the learning content beyond the outline too early.

　　Text/reporter Wu Wenjuan Lin Yan

　　Photo courtesy of vision china

　　Allergy survey ②

　　Generally speaking, the results of allergen detection combined with medical history are relatively reliable. Allergic people don’t need to do allergen testing regularly, just wait until they have allergic symptoms but are not sure about allergens. In addition, they should choose professional and qualified institutions for testing.

　　liu yongsheng

　　Director of Dermatology, Aviation General Hospital

　　Is allergen testing reliable?

　　This is one of the most frequently asked questions by Hu Liang, a pediatrician in Changchun Children’s Hospital. Many people suffer from allergies. In order to find allergens, they went to the hospital for allergen testing, and found that they were "lonely". The test results did not seem to be very helpful to control allergies.

　　So, what are the main methods of allergen detection? How effective are these methods? Why do some people feel that they have "tested in vain"? Around these problems, the reporter of Science and Technology Daily interviewed relevant experts.

　　Identifying allergens is the key to controlling allergies.

　　Allergic diseases are also called allergic diseases, commonly known as allergies. According to the data, it is estimated that by 2050, about 4 billion people in the world will suffer from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, and allergy has become the sixth largest chronic disease in the world.

　　Allergy is closely related to allergens.

　　Jiang Weihong, chief physician of the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, said that allergens enter the human body through oral administration, inhalation, contact or injection, and bites, and allergic reactions occur in the human body. Therefore, if you want to control allergies, the key is to diagnose and determine allergens. Only by clarifying the cause of allergy can we correctly choose the treatment plan.

　　However, there are many kinds of allergens in life, the most common are food allergens and inhalation allergens, and some are contact allergies.

　　So, how can we "find out" the allergens that really cause allergies? This requires allergen testing.

　　Liu Yongsheng, director of dermatology department of Aviation General Hospital, said that patients with allergies will produce specific IgE in their bodies after being exposed to allergens, and then the specific IgE will enter the circulatory system and be transported to all parts of the body, where it will combine with mast cells and basophils. Mast cells and basophils combined with specific IgE will meet and combine with allergens again, and then trigger mast cells and basophils to release inflammatory factors, such as histamine, which can directly lead to allergic inflammation and cause symptoms of type I allergic reaction in human body.

　　"So, what is usually called allergen testing is specific IgE." Liu Yongsheng said.

　　Different detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.

　　Liu Yongsheng introduced that the methods of allergen examination can be roughly divided into intradermal test or prick test, serum test, patch test and provocation test.

　　The principle of intradermal test or prick test is to let a certain amount of allergens enter the skin through a specific way, and then observe whether the allergens will cause allergic reactions, and judge the degree of allergies according to the degree of local skin allergic reactions, which is commonly known as "prick test". Liu Yongsheng said that this method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and intuitive results, and patients will not wait too long for examination results.

　　If intradermal test or prick test is an indirect method to determine specific IgE in vivo, then blood test is a means to directly determine specific IgE in serum.

　　Shi Haiyun, chief physician of the Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that if patients are unable or unwilling to adopt intradermal test or prick test for various reasons, they can choose to directly determine the specific IgE in serum. If specific IgE can be detected and reaches a certain value, it can be preliminarily judged to be allergic. By measuring the content of specific IgE in the body, such as serum, the degree of allergy can be preliminarily judged. However, serum examination requires special equipment and high cost, and the patient needs to wait for several days or more for the examination results. In addition, at present, the types of allergens that can be detected by serum testing are limited.

　　If contact allergens are detected, patch test can be used, and when allergens are unknown, patch test can also be done. The operation method of patch test is to stick the reagent on the skin, and after observing for a period of time, judge whether the subject is allergic to the substance according to the skin’s reaction to the contact substance.

　　Liu Yongsheng added that another way to check allergens is provocation test, such as oral food provocation test, nasal mucosa provocation test, conjunctival provocation test and bronchial provocation test. The principle of these tests is to simulate a real allergic reaction, which has certain risks and is not often used in clinic.

　　Shi Haiyun said that allergen detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and which allergen detection method to adopt should follow the doctor’s advice.

　　Liu Yongsheng said that after the allergen test, the doctor should make a comprehensive judgment according to the patient’s medical history to determine whether he is allergic. "In addition, patients should pay attention to observing and recording substances that may cause allergies in order to find and avoid corresponding allergens."

　　Allergen detection may have some blind spots.

　　Although the methods and techniques of allergen detection are relatively complete now, there are also cases in which allergens cannot be detected or allergens are misjudged in clinic. In this regard, Liu Yongsheng explained that due to many factors, to some extent, there are some blind spots in allergen testing.

　　Some blind spots are related to allergen detection methods. Taking the prick test as an example, patients with skin scratches may have false positive results. That is to say, some people were not allergic originally, and the allergen itself did not cause allergic reaction in patients, but acupuncture operation caused skin redness, swelling, itching and other reactions, which made inspectors mistakenly think that patients had allergic reaction.

　　Some blind spots are caused by external factors. For example, heating is one of the commonly used ways in food processing, and when food allergens are detected by immunological methods, heating will lead to changes in the structure of protein (allergen), so that antibodies cannot correctly identify the detected allergens, resulting in false negative results. For another example, ELISA is one of the commonly used methods to detect allergen wheat, but it is easy to cause false negative or false positive results because the samples are easily cross-contaminated.

　　Liu Yongsheng introduced that some blind spots of allergen detection are related to the complexity of allergen itself. There are about five or six hundred kinds of external allergens, and traditional methods can only screen 10 to 30 items, which is not comprehensive. Moreover, allergen detection is a meticulous work. For example, milk is one of the eight major allergic foods, and there are more than 30 kinds of allergic protein in milk. To determine which protein is allergic, more sophisticated detection means are needed. "Some people are allergic to cats, but whether they are allergic to cat hair, cat dander, cat saliva or cat urine, it is not clear from an allergen test." Liu Yongsheng said.

　　It is worth noting that some allergic patients take anti-allergic drugs before testing allergens, which will also cause false negative test results. Experts suggest that if the intradermal test is chosen to detect allergens, patients should stop taking antiallergic drugs for about 7 days, and some drugs need to stop taking them for a longer time.

　　"In addition, the relevant technologies and equipment for allergen testing and the level of doctors who test allergens for patients may also affect the results of allergen testing." Liu Yongsheng added.

　　"In order to accurately lock allergens, not only excellent technical means are needed, but also doctors need to patiently ask about medical history. Combining allergen detection methods and medical history to judge allergens, generally speaking, the results are relatively reliable. " Liu Yongsheng suggested that allergic people don’t need to do allergen testing regularly, but only when they have allergic symptoms but are not sure about allergens. In addition, they should choose professional and qualified institutions for testing.