[PConline information]In summer, the most comfortable thing is to play with your mobile phone while eating watermelon in an air-conditioned room. In the big summer, such a hot summer, my life is definitely given by air conditioning. But as we all know, if you want to enjoy it, you have to pay. The biggest power consumption in summer is also air conditioning. Usually, the electricity bill in July and August is just a few hundred dollars. Whenever I receive the electricity bill, I always feel that the cost of continuing my life in summer is really high. Does the power consumption of air conditioners have to be so large? As the saying goes, many a mickle makes a mickle. Is there any clever way to save electricity?

　　Working principle of air conditioner

　　Refrigeration is the most commonly used air conditioner. After the air conditioner is powered on, the low-pressure vapor in the refrigerant in the refrigeration system in the air conditioner will be sucked by the compressor and compressed into high-pressure vapor, which will be discharged to the condenser. The outdoor air sucked by the axial flow fan will flow through the condenser, so that the high-pressure refrigerant vapor will be condensed into high-pressure liquid, which will be sprayed into the evaporator after passing through the filter and throttling mechanism, and will evaporate at the corresponding low pressure to absorb the surrounding heat, so that the indoor air will continuously circulate and flow, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the temperature.　　　　

　　Frequent switching consumes electricity instead.

　　Some people may think that it costs electricity to keep the air conditioner on, so they turn it off when it is not hot, thinking that the purpose of saving electricity can be achieved by constantly turning it on and off, but in fact it may cost more electricity. Because the power required by the compressor inside the air conditioner is very large when it is started, it is generally about 4 or 5 times higher than the normal working current. As a result, it will naturally cost more electricity to switch the air conditioner on and off frequently. In addition, it is easy to burn out the compressor if the air conditioner is turned on and off frequently.

　　Small coup of saving electricity in life

　　1. Unplug the air conditioner when it is not in use, because as long as it is plugged in, the air conditioner will consume electricity. Although the power consumption is not much, its power consumption cannot be ignored over time.

　　2. Turn on the air conditioner in summer, and don’t pursue too low a temperature, which not only consumes more electricity, but also easily causes symptoms such as colds. According to scientific data, the most suitable temperature for human body in air-conditioned room is 26℃~28℃, which can not only make people feel cool, but also make them more comfortable and save electricity.

　　3. If you go out for a short time, usually within an hour, there is no need to turn off the air conditioner, because as mentioned above, it is more electricity-consuming to switch the air conditioner at high frequency.

　　4. When cooling, the air outlet of the air conditioner is upward, because the cold air flow is heavier than air and will sink, so the cooling efficiency will be more obvious when the air outlet is upward.

　　5. When sleeping at night, choose the sleep mode that comes with the air conditioner. Generally, the air conditioner sleep mode will make the machine run in a low power state, which will not only make the noise less, but also make the sleep more comfortable with proper air volume.

　　6. In an air-conditioned room, the air temperature is low. At this time, with an electric fan, the cooling effect will be better. Because the power of the fan is far less than that of the air conditioner, and the fan can stir the air, making people feel cool. The air conditioner makes the indoor air cool, and the coolness is more obvious after being matched with an electric fan, so that the temperature of the air conditioner can be raised, which is more comfortable and saves electricity.

　　7. When installing the outdoor air conditioner, we should also avoid it being exposed to direct sunlight, because the outdoor air conditioner will radiate heat into the ambient air in summer, and the direct sunlight will increase the difficulty of heat loss, and the cooling effect of the air conditioner will become worse. If conditions are limited, we can install a sunshade. Try to choose thicker curtains indoors, and then close them, which can also reduce the loss of chill.

　　8. The last point is to clean the air conditioner regularly. Because of the long-term use of the air conditioner, the internal filter screen of the air conditioner will be covered with pollutants such as dust, and in serious cases, bacteria, mites and Legionella will also breed. It will not only block the vent, which will reduce the refrigeration efficiency, but also affect our breathing health. It is best to clean it once every half a month or once a month when using it at ordinary times.

　　Learn these tips, I believe we can save a lot of electricity bills, and use air conditioners correctly, which is environmentally friendly and saves electricity. Why not? Of course, it is really pleasant to stay in an air-conditioned room in summer, and everyone should pay attention to controlling the time. When the temperature is not high every morning and evening, opening the window for a few hours will help everyone’s health.

　　　In the mirror, the swollen pustules are crowded next to each other and layered, covering the whole face and spreading half of the neck; In the mobile phone, the dunning phone that owes a loan of 10,000 yuan for medical expenses rings again and again. This 21-year-old girl named Zhou Shuan feels really "chic" this time.

　　Five years ago, Zhou Xiaosa graduated from junior high school and left his hometown in rural Gansu to work in Tianjin. "Fighting acne" has always been regarded by this young girl as "the biggest trouble in life". However, she didn’t expect that her eagerness to cure acne was actually a step-by-step routine. Now that acne has not been cured, the phone that urges debt repayment still comes to the door, but she has no way to complain and has hardships.

　　Step by step by routine — —

　　2,000 yuan to 18,000 yuan, no money to borrow.

　　I bought all kinds of acne products and used countless remedies, but the acne on my face grew more and more. This time, Zhou chic decided to go to the hospital for a good treatment.

　　She searched for "Tianjin Hospital for Treating Acne" on the Internet, and the online slogan of a hospital specializing in treating dermatoses immediately touched her — — "Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine specializes in treating female acne". The website keeps rolling out red, large and bold characters — — "Look at the skin, look for top three famous doctors", it seems that every word speaks to Zhou’s chic heart, and she judges that "it should be a very formal specialized hospital".

　　After getting in touch with this hospital, a person who claimed to be Dr. Kong added Zhou Xiaosao and her brother’s WeChat. After Zhou Xiaosao sent a photo of his face, Dr. Kong initially judged that it was "hair follicle blockage infection" and suggested that "internal adjustment and external treatment can generally recover in 3 ~ 4 weeks". Regarding the cost, he proposed "prepare 2000 first" and called it "wide preparation and narrow use, and the specific face-to-face consultation will explain the cost".

　　According to the appointment number given by Dr. Kong, on June 20 this year, Zhou chic came to this hospital and was received by the director of dermatology. After nearly testing in 300 yuan, the director listed the medical expenses for a course of treatment (one month), including 12,460 yuan for treatment, 2,209.8 yuan for Chinese herbal medicine and 982.95 yuan for western medicine. That is to say, if you want to cure the acne on your face, Xiao Zhou will have to spend 15,600 yuan at a time.

　　"If you can’t cure it, do you want to continue treatment?" In the face of Zhou Shuan and his brother’s questioning, the director replied that "it is almost the same in general" and reassured them that "your money will not be wasted".

　　The monthly working income is only 3,000 yuan, and it is unstable. Zhou Zifeng is a little hesitant in the face of high medical expenses. At this time, the director comforts her, and she doesn’t have to take out so much money at once. Here, she can get an interest-free and fee-free loan. In order to appease her worries, the director also specially emphasized that many people have done it.

　　The nurse took Zhou chic to another room on the same floor, where the staff directly took her mobile phone and asked her name, ID number, address, work and telephone numbers of her parents, brother and sister-in-law. "They all operated and filled in the information for me and taught me how to answer the phone call from the loan platform". Zhou Xiaosa said that the staff told her to lie about her monthly income of more than 6,000 yuan, which proved that she had the ability to repay, and also said that "loans are made like this now".

　　About 10 minutes later, the loan procedure was passed. The total loan for six months was 15,600 yuan, and the overdue interest was one thousandth of the daily interest, that is, the annual interest was 36%. The money was never handled by Xiao Zhou, but directly transferred to the hospital account.

　　After about 20 days of treatment, Zhou Xiaosa told the director that the acne on her face showed no signs of improvement, and the director once again prescribed traditional Chinese medicine for her to take orally. Zhou chic also paid all the cash he had with him, more than 2,000 yuan, to buy medicine.

　　At the end of a course of treatment, I finished taking the medicine and did 9 treatments. The loan and medical expenses paid directly by Zhou Zifeng were almost 18,000 yuan, but the money was spent, and the acne on my face not only did not improve, "the inflammation in many places was worse." Not only that, Zhou said, but she had dizziness and headache after taking the Chinese medicine prescribed by the director of dermatology. After examination, she found that her blood pressure was too low, and she only got better after stopping taking the medicine.

　　She went to the director for advice. The doctor thinks that there is no problem with his prescription and treatment plan, and the reason for the poor treatment effect is "definitely caused by your own diet and irregular work and rest", and said that "it takes a process to treat acne, and you have to persist in treating it, which is sure to be good". When asked how much it would cost to be completely cured, the director told Zhou Shuan, "It may cost another 70,000 to 80,000 yuan. I still have cases where it took hundreds of thousands to be cured."

　　Zhou chic felt that she had fallen into the pit and decided not to continue treatment in this hospital. What she didn’t expect was that she soon received a repayment notice call for the 15,600 loan she owed. When she communicated with this loan platform, she said that she didn’t know how to spend the money at all, and asked the platform to provide the hospital’s medical bills. The other party said that it could not provide it, and repeatedly reminded her, "If you don’t repay on time, we will go to court to sue you, and the consequences will be very serious."

　　Insiders reveal secrets — —

　　Beauty agency may get 30% ~ 60% commission.

　　"From the routine analysis of the above-mentioned case loan, it is a derivative product of the former campus loan, and some people call it a beauty loan." Zhang Xiaotao, an associate professor in the Department of Finance, Department of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, said.

　　Because of a series of problems such as ultra-high interest rates, naked loans and violent dunning, campus loans have been supervised by banking supervision departments, education departments and Internet finance associations, especially since last April, campus loans have entered the stage of centralized supervision, and dozens of online lending platforms have successively withdrawn from the campus loan market. However, some platforms put on gorgeous coats and appeared in another name. "The target is still a group of young people who lack social experience and lack financial consumption knowledge but have a desire to consume ahead of time."

　　The reporter searched the websites of a number of beauty and plastic surgery institutions, and all of them provided diversified medical and beauty staging services with "zero down payment" and "zero interest". In recent years, with the rapid expansion of the domestic medical beauty market to the order of 100 billion, some internet finance companies and financial consumption platforms have also poured into this industry, and some beauty loan platforms focusing on the medical beauty industry have claimed to have obtained tens of millions of financing.

　　An industry insider who did not want to be named believes that "the combination of Internet finance and different industries is the future development trend. The beauty loans and training loans that have emerged in recent years are all new things, and the corresponding supervision is obviously lagging behind. "

　　"When Zhou applied for a beauty loan, the agency claimed that there was no guarantee, no interest and no handling fee. It sounded beautiful, but it just exposed the problems behind it." The source said that no Internet finance company would do anything without profit. "If the profit is not in the light, it may be in the dark."

　　He revealed that there are beauty loan intermediaries between beauty institutions and loan platforms, and their cooperation is often reflected in the sharing. "Intermediaries can get 30% or even up to 60% of the loan amount."

　　Under the "internal cooperation", hospitals or beauty institutions have obtained customers and can get a share; The loan platform has gained customers; The intermediary earned a commission, but the consumer was induced step by step and eventually owed a "debt."

　　In January of this year, the police in Jiangbei District of Chongqing cracked a cash-out case of "beauty loan". The police found out the routine, and the loan intermediary cooperated with a beauty consultant of a beauty hospital to fabricate personal information and apply for a loan from an online finance company. After successfully applying for a loan, the consumer finance company will directly pay the loan to the account of the beauty hospital, and the beauty hospital will pay the money to the intermediary after deducting 30% of the commission. The remaining 70% will be paid to the lender by the intermediary after deducting 40% of the intermediary fee, and some intermediaries will not even pay a penny to the lender.

　　Hyaluronic acid, which is usually worth several hundred yuan, has been raised to several thousand yuan, and the beauty projects done far exceed the normal price. In order to defraud loans, raise consumer prices, and fabricate consumption items, beauty hospitals also deliberately forge one or two items and join hands with intermediary companies to defraud consumer finance companies.

　　"From Zhou’s chic experience, it is difficult for that beauty agency to constitute fraud, because many of them are stepping on the policy gray area, the so-called ‘ Unreasonable but not illegal ’ 。” Zhang Xiaotao said that most deceived consumers have the problems of difficulty in obtaining evidence and defending their rights, so they can’t afford to spend energy and can only admit bad luck.

　　In response to this phenomenon, Nanjing Consumers Association has issued an early warning, saying that intermediaries and beauty agencies collude together and take unconventional measures to fool consumers who have no ability to repay loans. However, some student groups or young people who have just entered the society often become targets and are induced to consume in advance and over-consume.

　　Young people urgently need to make up the lesson of financial knowledge.

　　Having been in contact with college students on campus for a long time, Zhang Xiaotao feels that college students have too little financial knowledge now. "Even those who major in finance are relatively backward in knowledge in books, and now there are endless new things on the market, which makes people overwhelmed."

　　Nowadays, the consumption concept of young people after 90 s and 00 s has long been different from that of their parents. Previously, Tianjin University had published a survey report on college students’ online credit consumption. The report shows that 29.03% of college students have applied for loans, and more than 60% of them have made loans through online platforms. It can be seen that the Internet lending platform has become the main channel for credit loans for college students. The consumption pattern of credit consumption and advanced consumption is especially recognized by the new generation of post-90s college students.

　　"For college students who are about to enter the society from campus, it is urgent to make up the lesson of financial management knowledge." Zhang Xiaotao thinks that this may be more practical than learning more about history and geography.

　　Tao Hui, a lawyer of Tianjin Sifang Junhui Law Firm, suggested that consumers must enhance their awareness of self-protection and be responsible for their actions. First of all, we should have a rational concept of consumption. Once we sign a contract or show our personal documents, we should think twice carefully, especially to study the terms of the contract repeatedly.

　　She suggested that young people should cherish their credit records. Some consumers can’t refuse to pay back because they think they are victims, because since the contract is signed, microfinance companies do have the right to ask consumers to pay back the money. "Otherwise, they will leave indelible stains on their credit records, which will affect their lives."

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Hu Chunyan

　　Cctv newsIn order to effectively solve the outstanding problems of online class platforms involving minors, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors, and promote the standardized and orderly development of online class platforms, the Central Network Information Office and the Ministry of Education decided to start a two-month special rectification of online class platforms involving minors from now on.

　　At present, the online "cloud classroom" has become the main channel for students to learn during the epidemic period. However, some website platforms ignore social responsibilities, repeatedly use online classes to promote online games and make friends, and even spread pornographic, violent and fraudulent information, which endangers the physical and mental health of students, especially minors, and has a very bad social impact.

　　It is understood that this special rectification will require all kinds of website platforms that offer online courses for minors to effectively assume the main responsibility of information content management; It is necessary to strictly review and check the courses to ensure the correct orientation; To set up the interactive function of comments, it is necessary to establish the system of "reviewing before sending" information content; It is necessary to strengthen the ecological management around the online course page, and there must be no content that harms the physical and mental health of minors; Do not use pop-ups to induce clicking on pages that are not suitable for minors; Do not push advertising information unrelated to learning; Do not use online courses of public welfare nature to seek commercial interests.

　　The relevant person in charge said that during the special rectification period, local network information departments and education administrative departments will further increase the law enforcement penalties for violations of laws and regulations involving online class platforms for minors, and create an active and healthy online learning environment for minors.

　　Why has the new car been transferred because it can’t be licensed?

　　Not long ago, Mr. Hu of Sichuan bought a car. The first important thing after buying the car was to go to the vehicle management department to go through the formalities for the vehicle. So, Mr. Hu drove his car to the vehicle management office. However, to Mr. Hu’s surprise, the new car he bought through formal channels could not be sold.

　　Mr. Hu:He said that your car, including the frame number and engine, has been registered by others. That is, someone has already used this procedure to transfer the ownership.

　　The regular new car couldn’t go to the house. Mr. Hu felt that he had been cheated and reported the case to the public security department. In fact, this strange thing like Mr. Hu’s is not the first time.

　　Hao Zhengzheng, Deputy Director of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Jiangsu Yancheng Hyundai Motor Factory and Guangzhou Huadu Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. all have batches of vehicles that have been squeezed into households, but their real customers can’t buy this car.

　　Stealing other vehicles, laundering stolen cars.

　　At the same time, in January 2016, a very special dispute occurred in Lingang District, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. Xiao Zhang, the clerk of the automobile sales company, judged from many years of work experience that the person who came to sell the car was wrong, and the car he sold might be a stolen car. So Zhou Chun, who came to sell the car, was sent to the local public security bureau.

　　The police carefully checked and found that the car sold by Zhou Chun had less obvious changes in engine number and frame number.

　　Li Gai, Investigator of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Professional technicians decoded the identity of this vehicle, and after their technical treatment, we learned that the real identity of this vehicle was a car stolen in Chengdu.

　　Zhou Chun confessed that he bought this car from a local automobile trading company whose boss is Liu Hui. The police took immediate action and seized eight cars from Liu Hui’s company. Five of them were stolen cars, and their frame numbers and engine numbers were carefully tampered with.

　　It is the first time that the stolen stolen car has turned into a legal car. Because according to common sense analysis, it is almost impossible to put on a legal coat for stolen vehicles.

　　Hao Zhengzheng, Deputy Director of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Its certificate has 36 items of data, including the brand and model of the vehicle, as well as the frame number and engine number, including the color, track distance, wheelbase, displacement and so on. Before selling this car, the manufacturer must report each car to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (approval) allows it to be sold. It must be reported for registration before it is allowed to produce and sell.

　　How to wash the stolen vehicle white and re-license it?

　　The police told reporters that it is not easy to wash a stolen car white. First of all, the original data such as the original frame number and engine number of the vehicle should be polished off, and then the relevant data of another vehicle should be found and replaced. This is not the most important thing. The most important thing is to get a full set of data information of another car and print it out before you can get it to the vehicle management department. For example, a thief stole an Audi car, and if he wants to get the stolen car into the house, he has to go through all the formalities for another Audi car of the same model, which has not been sold or even produced. How is that possible? But it did happen again. What was the problem? Where did the criminals get those who cheated the vehicle formalities of the vehicle management department?

　　Hao Zhengzheng, Deputy Director of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:We tracked it down and found that Liu from Lanxi bought the license plate from a person named "Chengdu Data King" in Chengdu.

　　Liu Hui, the boss of the automobile trading company, confessed that he and this "data king" didn’t know each other, and they usually contacted each other through the Internet. "Data King" is very famous in the black market of automobiles, because he can buy a complete set of data information of vehicles.

　　Li Gai, Investigator of Criminal Investigation Brigade of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:If a car is like this Accord, if he resells it once, his own profit should be around 5,000 yuan. You can earn these thousands of dollars in a short time.

　　After mastering a large amount of evidence, the task force went to Chengdu and arrested the "data king". In his computer and mobile phone, he found a lot of vehicle data information and chat records of reselling this information.

　　Li Gai, Investigator of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Generally, he will be responsible for making this procedure for you within three days. After making it, he will send a WeChat. Look at this, for example. He will send you the certificate he made for your confirmation, including the invoice and the name you want.

　　After the "Data King" was arrested, the case was only the tip of the iceberg. Where did he get the data information of these unlisted and even factory-not-delivered vehicles that he sold around the Internet?

　　Hao Zhengzheng, Deputy Director of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:He said he bought it online from a man named Liu in Anshan, Northeast China.

　　The police immediately arrested Liu. Liu confessed that in the process of operating used cars, he often touched stolen cars, so he used his brains. He thinks that if this kind of car is washed white and sold, it may have higher profits. Liu Yu told this idea to Zhang, a friend who is also in the car circle. Zhang said that he could get a full set of vehicle procedures and print them out.

　　After getting these clues, the police quickly attacked, and soon, the suspect Zhang was also arrested. Judging from the seized crime tools and paper products, the vehicle procedures made by criminals are very realistic, and it is difficult to see the flaws with the naked eye. With it, you can openly go to the vehicle management department to go to the door.

　　Liang Zhongyu, deputy captain of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:This set of certificates can’t be recognized only by the vehicle management department, because the data on this certificate are all the data that can be used in the China Machine Network, which the state has not taken out and issued.

　　The police tracked down the hacker behind the scenes and was finally arrested.

　　The "China Machine Network" mentioned by the police is a third-party intermediary organization jointly funded by China Automotive Technology Research Center and other departments, and it is the technical support organization managed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology’s "Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products". It was the hacker who invaded this institution that stole these secrets. The police said that "the vehicle data has not been taken out", which means that the vehicles with these data have not yet been listed or even produced. In this way, Zhang is not the end of this huge black chain, because the real data information of those vehicles is not available to Zhang’s ability. In other words, there is a black hand behind Zhang.

　　The reason why stolen cars can be washed white is because those data and information are true. And can get this information, it turned out that someone hacked into the China Computer Network and stole these secrets.

　　Hao Zhengzheng, Deputy Director of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Zhang explained to us that his source of this data was obtained from a person named Guo in Henan.

　　Police online investigation found that Guo lives in Wuzhi County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province. He is not a professional hacker, but an employee of a local vehicle production company, specializing in the management of vehicle certificates. The task force secretly rushed to Henan to arrest the core figure Guo.

　　Guo is responsible for the data management of vehicles in the factory, and has access to the network system of China Machine Network, and can view the data information of vehicles. Later, I learned from Zhang that this information can be exchanged for money, and he was jealous.

　　Li Gai, Investigator of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Zhang asked him to check whatever he wanted, and then sold the data to him. The total is about 200,000 yuan.

　　The police found that although Guo could enter the website to inquire about the data information of the vehicle. However, his authority is very low, and he can only inquire about the vehicle information produced by this factory, but not other manufacturers. But the current situation is that Guo can find the data information of almost all famous cars such as Volkswagen, BMW and Honda. How did he do it?

　　Li Gai, Investigator of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Through Taobao, he found a Liu who opened a shop on Taobao and opened an online shop. This person specializes in cracking and copying encryption dogs. Through remote control, control Guo’s office computer, Liu operates in Chengdu, enters the system step by step, reads out the data, and then tampers with it.

　　After countless revisions and tests by Liu, Guo’s query authority has been greatly improved, and he can see the data information of almost all vehicles. In this way, it is easy to wash the stolen cars in black and white. Subsequently, the police took action and behind-the-scenes hacker Liu was finally arrested.

　　Li Gai, Investigator of Lingang Economic and Technological Development Branch of Yibin Public Security Bureau:Stealing the data of China Computer Network, in fact, China Computer Network doesn’t know? I don’t know Because of this data, it was originally what they put in their room. They thought their doors and windows were all closed, but others dug a passage underground.

　　We generally think that the license plate of a car is the identity card of the car, but the license plate of the car may be changed in the process of subsequent transactions. Compared with the license plate, a car’s frame number, engine number and other data and procedures are the identity signs that follow a car for life. If even these can be stolen and forged, it will be even more difficult to manage the car and detect related crimes.

On the evening of October 9, Lei Jun, CEO of Xiaomi Technology, conducted a live mobile broadcast of the new mobile phone. He answered questions from netizens around the newly released Xiaomi 5S and Xiaomi 5S plus. In the Q&A session, Lei Jun said that Xiaomi’s high-end flagship mobile phone Note series will release the second generation, but it is still under secret.

In addition, Lei Jun also bluntly expressed his confusion in the live broadcast: "Some people say that selling millet cheaply is diaosi, which I don’t understand."

Since the hot live broadcast, Lei Jun will basically communicate with netizens around new functions and technologies after the release of new mobile phones, and will also interact on topics that netizens care about during the live broadcast.

In the mobile live broadcast around the newly released Xiaomi 5S and Xiaomi 5S plus, Lei Jun introduced the design, ultrasonic fingerprint and camera to netizens. Because Xiaomi 5S mainly takes photos, Lei Jun said that a mobile phone photography contest will be held to let netizens take good photos through Xiaomi’s mobile phone.

The problems that did not unfold at the press conference were also explained in the live broadcast. Lei Jun said that the sound quality of Xiaomi 5S was acceptable, but it was not up to the full HiFi level, so it was not publicized with HiFi sound quality.

Another topic has also attracted the attention of netizens, that is, the Snapdragon 821 carried by Xiaomi 5s was "castrated". Shortly after the release of Xiaomi 5s and Xiaomi 5s Plus, some netizens found in Xiaomi official website that the main frequency of Snapdragon 821 processor equipped with Xiaomi 5s is 2.15GHz, while that of Xiaomi 5s Plus processor is 2.35GHz. The same is true for the graphics processing of Xiaomi 5s, the frequency is reduced to 624MHz, while the image processor frequency of Xiaomi 5s Plus is 653MHz. As a result, some netizens bluntly said that Xiaomi 5s was equipped with a castrated version of Snapdragon 821 processor, which Xiaomi did not mention at the press conference.

In response to this question, Lei Jun said, "This time, the capacity of Xiaomi 5s battery has increased to 3200mAh, which is 7% higher than that of Xiaomi 5. The Snapdragon 821 selected this time is a low-power and long-life version, which can save 5% of power consumption and increase the service time by more than 10%. In addition, Lei Jun also cited the same example as Xiaomi 5s, saying that "Google Pixel released during the eleventh period also adopted the Snapdragon 821 of this scheme." Moreover, this version of Google is the most castrated, because its processor is 22.15GHz+21.65GHz, which is exactly the same as 820. Although the maximum frequency of 5S is only 2.15GHz, the measured main frequency of small nuclear is 2GHz.

At the same time, Lei Jun also revealed the cost price of Snapdragon 821, saying that "in fact, Snapdragon 821 processor is a very expensive processor, accounting for 500 yuan in a mobile phone with a cost of 2,000 yuan, which is three times the price of Xiaolong 650 and 652."

Lei Jun said that for enthusiasts, they can choose Xiaomi 5s Plus, which is a high-performance version of Snapdragon 821. However, the price of Xiaomi 5s Plus 2299 yuan is also more expensive. Lei Jun said, "Xiaomi didn’t have time to explain clearly to netizens when he was building a genuine product", in response to why Xiaomi didn’t explain at the first time that Xiaomi 5s used a Snapdragon 821 processor with reduced frequency.

In terms of appearance, some users said that they don’t like the metal material of Xiaomi 5s very much, and the metal version is mostly high-gloss wire drawing.

Lei Jun said that he used the golden high-gloss brushed version of Xiaomi 5s. Although the matte brushed metal is easy to make, it cannot be differentiated, and the high-gloss brushed technology is more difficult, because it is very difficult to align each wire, and the cost is 30% more expensive than the matte brushed metal. The matte brushed metal is the standard of this year’s flagship model. Moreover, Xiaomi 5s also has a matte matte version, which users can choose according to their own preferences. Xiaomi’s technological innovation will make more people realize that the real machine of Xiaomi 5s is much better than expected.

Many people say that the antenna strap behind Xiaomi 5s is ugly. Lei Jun revealed that he was not used to it when iPhone 6 first appeared, but he got used to it after using it too much. Some people say that Xiaomi 5s is like iPhone 6, but I don’t think so. The design of iPhone 6 is a rounded rectangle, while Xiaomi 5s is an inward edge. The difference between the two phones is very big.

Regarding the post fingerprint identification design of Xiaomi 5S plus, Lei Jun thinks that it is more about ease of use, and there is no difference between pre-position and post-position.

There are also netizens who spit out the big black border on the screen of Xiaomi 5s, and Lei Jun suggested that they can buy a dark gray version. Lei Jun also explained why Xiaomi 5s has a big black edge. This is for the integration of the alignment of the top and bottom of the screen and the off-screen state, and the black edge of Xiaomi 5s is much smaller than that of friends.

Some netizens asked if Xiaomi 5s could be made thinner. Lei Jun said that Xiaomi’s engineers had done their best. If you want an ultra-thin body, you can choose Xiaomi 5, which is very good value. Netizens also said that they like the ceramic version of Xiaomi 5 very much. Lei Jun said that Xiaomi will try his best to produce more, because the ceramic version is very difficult to produce and needs to solve many problems.

When talking about the price issue, Lei Jun said that he could not understand the practice of equating cheap and diaosi. He said in the live broadcast: "Some people say that selling millet cheaply is diaosi, which I don’t understand. Xiaomi’s pricing strategy is based on cost, with the aim of letting more people enjoy the fun of science and technology. We will stick to it and stick to it long enough, and we will definitely win more people’s love. "

In addition, because Xiaomi launched the big-screen mobile phone Xiaomi 5Plus at the 5S conference, it was once thought that another big-screen flagship mobile phone Xiaomi Note would die quietly. However, when answering questions from netizens, Lei Jun said that Xiaomi Note2 would be launched, but it is not convenient to disclose it now, and it is still in the confidential stage.

Xiaomi note is the high-end flagship of Xiaomi’s big screen launched in 2015, and the price is 2,500 yuan, which is the first time for Xiaomi to test the water at this price. However, the subsequent sales volume is not satisfactory, and Xiaomi has never announced the sales volume of Xiaomi Note, so it is speculated that it may be permanently hidden in the product line competition between Xiaomi 5S plus and Xiaomi max.

However, in this live broadcast, Lei Jun made it clear that Xiaomi Note2 is already under development.

Finally, there are netizens who are spitting out MIUI advertisements. Lei Jun expressed the hope that netizens will report directly when they see small advertisements, and Xiaomi will continue to optimize the user experience and reveal that; "MIUI advertising cooperation has been cut off by hundreds of millions. “

Interestingly, Lei Jun, who has always been a modest gentleman, also swore in this live broadcast. When a netizen spoke that "Xiaomi 5S, which has been used for more than a month, felt feverish …", Lei Jun responded: "TMD nonsense, Xiaomi 5S has only been released for more than ten days, how can it have been used for more than a month? At first glance, it is a water army sent by friends." (This article is published from the Electronic Engineering Album Network)

More first-hand information, pay attention to titanium media micro-signal: titanium media (ID: taimeiti)

?

　　CCTV News:According to the WeChat official account message of WeChat of the Industry and Information Technology Commission, some netizens asked what would happen to the mobile phone numbers they sold if virtual operator went bankrupt, and whether they could still be used normally. Is the user free to choose the operator to switch to the network, or is it taken over by the fixed operator?

　　Reply from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: In accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Telecommunication Network Code Resources, the Telecommunication Network Code Plan and other relevant regulations, and according to the needs of basic telecommunications enterprises, our Ministry will allocate special number segments for mobile communication resale business. Basic telecommunications enterprises should do a good job in data opening, and reasonably allocate code number resources for their use according to the needs of mobile communication resale enterprises (namely virtual operator Company, hereinafter referred to as resale enterprises) to ensure the effective use of code number resources.

　　Regarding the related issues about the closure of the resale enterprise you consulted, because the right to use the special number segment of the corresponding mobile resale business belongs to the basic telecommunications enterprise, when the resale enterprise cooperating with the basic telecommunications enterprise closes down, the related business can be undertaken by the basic telecommunications enterprise or other resale enterprises accessed by the basic telecommunications enterprise, and the corresponding code number resources can be used normally.

1. What is a rural homestead?

Rural homestead is the collective construction land used by rural villagers to build houses and ancillary facilities, including houses, ancillary houses and courtyards, excluding agricultural productive land connected with the homestead and land occupied by farmers beyond the homestead, such as Kugaji.

2. What kind of rural homestead belongs to in land classification?

According to different classification standards, the methods of land classification are different.

According to the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Land Management Law), according to the nature of land ownership, land is divided into state-owned land and land collectively owned by farmers, among which homestead belongs to farmers collectively. According to the classification of land use, land is divided into three categories: agricultural land, construction land and unused land. Among them, construction land refers to the land for building buildings and structures, including urban and rural residential and public facilities, industrial and mining land, transportation and water conservancy facilities, tourism land and military facilities. Therefore, in terms of land nature and use, rural homestead belongs to collective construction land.

According to the classification of land use status issued in 2017 (GB/T
21010-2017), the land is further divided into 12 categories, such as cultivated land, industrial and mining storage land, residential land, public management and public service land, transportation land and other land. Among them, the rural homestead belongs to residential land, and the rural road area belongs to transportation land.

3. Who owns the rural homestead?

Rural homestead belongs to the collective members.

Article 10 of the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that the land in rural areas and suburban areas belongs to the collective unless it is owned by the state according to the law; Homestead, private plots and private hills are also collectively owned.

Article 59 of the Property Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Property Law) stipulates that the real estate and chattels owned by rural collectives belong to the collective members.

4. Which subjects can collectively exercise the ownership of homestead on behalf of farmers?

Article 60 of the Property Law stipulates that if the collectively owned land belongs to the village farmers, the village collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective; Belonging to two or more farmers collectively in the village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups in the village collectively exercise ownership; Belonging to the collective ownership of township farmers, the township collective economic organizations shall exercise ownership on behalf of the collective.

The former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work, the Ministry of Finance and the former Ministry of Agriculture "Several Opinions on the Registration and Certification of Rural Collective Land Confirmation" (No.178 [2011] of the Ministry of Land and Resources) stipulates in the "Defining the Subject Representative of Rural Collective Land Ownership according to Law" that if it belongs to the collective ownership of village farmers, the village collective economic organization or villagers’ committee shall exercise the ownership entrusted by the collective members of the farmers; Belonging to two or more farmers collectively in the village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups in the village collectively exercise ownership; Belonging to the collective ownership of township farmers, the township collective economic organizations shall exercise ownership on behalf of the collective; There is no township (town) peasant collective economic organization, and the township (town) collective land ownership is managed by the township (town) government. In the process of land ownership registration, the representative of the farmers’ collective ownership shall apply for it. The specific requirements and forms of collective economic organizations can be determined by provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) according to local relevant regulations and actual conditions.

In December 2016, the Opinions on Steadily Promoting the Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System (Zhongfa [2016] No.37) issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council stipulated that rural collective economic organizations should collectively exercise the ownership of rural collective assets according to law. If no collective economic organizations are established, the villagers’ committees and villagers’ groups should collectively exercise the ownership respectively.

To sum up, the subjects who can exercise the ownership of homestead on behalf of the collective include four categories, namely, collective economic organizations (towns, villages and villages), villagers’ committees, villagers’ groups and township (town) governments (escrow).

5. What is "one household, one house"?

A rural villager can only own one homestead, and the area of his homestead shall not exceed the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. In areas where the per capita land is small and it is impossible to ensure that one household has a homestead, the people’s government at the county level can take measures to ensure that rural villagers can live in homes according to the standards stipulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government on the basis of fully respecting the wishes of rural villagers.

6. What are the basic characteristics of China’s current rural homestead system?

Homestead system is an important part of China’s characteristic land system, and its core is to safeguard the collective ownership of rural land and protect farmers’ basic living rights. Since the founding of New China, the institutional framework of rural residential land in China has basically taken shape through evolution. Its basic characteristics are: collective ownership, members’ use, one household and one house, limited area, free acquisition, long-term possession, planning control and internal circulation. This institutional arrangement has played an extremely important role in ensuring that rural households have homes and people do not lose their places, and has promoted rural economic development and social stability.

7. What are the basic contents of the current rural homestead property right system?

The basic content of the current homestead property right system is that farmers collectively own the homestead ownership, members of rural collective economic organizations have the right to use the homestead, and eligible farmers have the qualification to allocate the homestead.

8. What is the difference between a farm house and a commercial house?

Farmhouses are houses for villagers to live in rural areas, and the main differences from commercial houses are:

First, the nature of land is different: rural housing construction occupies collectively owned land, while commercial housing occupies state-owned construction land.

Second, the acquisition methods are different: only eligible members of rural collective economic organizations are allowed to apply for homestead construction for rural houses, while commercial houses are developed and constructed by enterprises with real estate development qualifications.

Third, the land use years are different: the current laws and policies do not specify the term of the right to use rural homesteads; The land use period of commercial housing land is generally 70 years. If the land use right expires, it will be automatically renewed.

Fourth, the trading conditions are different: rural houses can only be traded to members who meet the qualification of homestead distribution after approval within the village collective economic organizations, and cannot be mortgaged; Commercial housing can be sold, leased and mortgaged in the market, and the transaction is free.

9. At present, what are the main laws and policies of the country on rural residential land?

At present, the state has no special laws and regulations on the management of rural homestead, and the relevant laws and regulations include the Constitution, the Land Administration Law, the Property Law, the Guarantee Law, the Urban and Rural Planning Law, and the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate.

The State Council of the CPC Central Committee issued a series of policy documents, the main ones are: No.1 document of the Central Committee, the State Council’s request for instructions on strengthening the management of rural residential land issued by the State Bureau of Land Management (Guo Fa [1990] No.4), and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the State Council’s notice on further strengthening land management and effectively protecting cultivated land (Zhong Fa [1997] No.11). Notice of General Office of the State Council on Strengthening Land Transfer Management and Prohibiting Land Speculation (No.39 [1999] of Guo Ban Fa), Decision of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management (No.28 [2004] of Guo Fa), Notice of the State Council on Promoting Economical and Intensive Land Use (No.3 [2008] of Guo Fa), Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead.

A series of departmental rules and normative documents issued by relevant administrative departments in the State Council, For example, Notice of the State Bureau of Land Management on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions on Determining Land Ownership and Use Right ([1995] Guo Tu Zi No.26), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Printing and Distributing Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2004] No.234), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Improving the Management System of Rural Homestead and Effectively Safeguarding Farmers’ Rights and Interests (. Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Administration on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of the Right to Use Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2014] No.101), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2016] No.191), Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Management of Rural Homestead (No.6 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs).

All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have formulated local laws, regulations and management documents in accordance with the requirements of laws and the central authorities and based on local conditions, which together constitute the current legal and policy system for rural residential land.

10. What development and evolution has the rural homestead system undergone?

The evolution of rural homestead system since the founding of New China is marked by reform and opening up, the promulgation of property law and the revision of land management law, which can be divided into four stages.

The first stage was from 1949 to 1978, when collective ownership was gradually established. The 1954 Constitution stipulated the ownership of farmers’ homestead. In 1962, the draft amendment to the working regulations of rural people’s communes (namely, "Article 60 of the People’s Commune") stipulated that the homestead was owned by the production team and was not allowed to be rented or bought or sold.

The second stage is from 1978 to 2007, the stage of strict management of homestead. In February, 1982, the State Council issued "Regulations on the Management of Land for Building in Villages and Towns", which put forward the requirement of homestead quota and stipulated the legality of obtaining homestead for specific urban residents. In April 1997, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on Further Strengthening Land Management and Effectively Protecting Cultivated Land, and put forward the requirement of "one household, one house" in the form of a central document for the first time. The land management law revised in 1998 deleted the provisions of the 1986 land management law on the use of collective land by urban non-agricultural registered permanent residence residents to build houses; It stipulates "one household, one house and limited area", that is, "a rural villager can only own one homestead, and the area of its homestead shall not exceed the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government". In May 1999, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Land Transfer and Prohibiting Land Speculation, which prohibited urban residents from purchasing homesteads in rural areas for the first time.

The third stage is from 2007 to 2018, the stage of reform, empowerment and capacity expansion. The Property Law promulgated in March 2007 made it clear that the right to use homestead is usufructuary right. In December 2014, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market and the Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform, and deployed and carried out the pilot reform of rural homestead system. In 2018, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to explore the "separation of three powers" of the ownership, qualification and use right of the homestead, which marked a new stage of the reform and exploration of the homestead system.

The fourth stage is the standardized management stage of homestead since 2019. In August 2019, the 12th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee made the third amendment to the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China. In the newly revised land management law, the homestead distribution system of one household, one house and one home is defined, and the village planning system of making overall and reasonable arrangements for homestead land is defined; It is clear that the homestead is approved by the township (town) people’s government, and it can be voluntarily withdrawn with compensation according to law, encouraging the active use of idle homesteads and idle houses, and the new homestead management system in which the agricultural and rural authorities in the State Council are responsible for the reform and management of rural homesteads nationwide. The newly revised land management law marks that the management of rural residential land in China has entered a new era of standardized management, from management institutions and system design to policy guidance, supervision and inspection.

11. What do the three system reforms of rural land mean?

The reform of three systems of rural land refers to the rural land expropriation, the entry of collective construction land into the market and the pilot reform of homestead system.

In December 2014, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Rural Land Expropriation, Entry of Collective Construction Land into the Market, and Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform (No.71 [2014] of the Central Office), and deployed the pilot work of three rural land system reforms throughout the country. The main objectives of the reform are: to improve the rural land expropriation system with standardized procedures, reasonable compensation and multiple guarantees, the rural collective management construction land entry system with the same rights and prices, smooth circulation and revenue sharing, and the rural homestead system with fair acquisition, economical and intensive use and voluntary and paid withdrawal according to law. Explore the formation of replicable and scalable reform results, and provide support for scientific legislation and revision and improvement of relevant laws and regulations.

In February 2015, the 13th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and passed the Decision on Authorizing the State Council to Temporarily Adjust and Implement Relevant Legal Provisions in the Administrative Regions of 33 Pilot Counties (cities, districts) including Daxing District, Beijing, authorized the suspension of the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the pilot areas, and started the pilot work of three rural land systems reform, with a total of 33 pilot counties in China.

List of 33 pilot counties (cities, districts): Daxing District of Beijing, Jixian County of Tianjin, Dingzhou City of Hebei Province, Zezhou County of Shanxi Province, Helinger County of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Haicheng City of Liaoning Province, Jiutai District of Changchun City of Jilin Province, Anda City of Heilongjiang Province, Songjiang District of Shanghai, Wujin District of Changzhou City of Jiangsu Province, Yiwu City of Zhejiang Province, Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, Jinzhai County of Anhui Province, Jinjiang City of Fujian Province. Yicheng City in Hubei Province, Liuyang City in Hunan Province, Nanhai District in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Beiliu City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wenchang City in Hainan Province, Dazu District in Chongqing City, Pixian County in Sichuan Province, Luxian County in Sichuan Province, Meitan County in Guizhou Province, Dali City in Yunnan Province, Qushui County in Xizang Autonomous Region Province, Gaoling District in Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province, Longxi County in Gansu Province, Huangyuan County in Qinghai Province, Pingluo County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Yining City in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

12. How about the pilot reform of rural homestead system?

In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which clarified the objectives and tasks of rural homestead system reform. The main contents are: safeguarding farmers’ homestead usufructuary rights, reforming and improving rural homestead system, selecting several pilot projects, prudently and steadily promoting the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ housing property rights, and exploring channels for farmers to increase property income; Establish rural property rights transfer trading market, and promote the open, fair and standardized operation of rural property rights transfer transactions.

According to the Opinions of General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market, and the Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform, the main contents of reforming and perfecting the rural homestead system are "two explorations and two improvements", namely, improving the way to protect and obtain the rights and interests of the homestead, exploring the paid use system of the homestead, exploring the voluntary paid withdrawal mechanism of the homestead, and improving the management system of the homestead. In 2019, the mature experience gained from the pilot reform of rural homestead system was reflected in the newly revised land management law. However, some deep-seated contradictions and problems in the homestead system still exist because of the short time, insufficient content and small coverage of the pilot project and insufficient reform and exploration.

In 2019, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "steadily and cautiously promoting the reform of rural homestead system, expanding the reform pilot, enriching the pilot content and improving the system design." In 2020, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "further deepening the pilot reform of rural homestead system with the focus on exploring the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead." In accordance with the requirements of the central government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs took the lead in formulating a new round of pilot program for the reform of the rural homestead system, which will be deployed after being approved by the central government.

13. What is the rural "two rights" mortgage pilot?

The rural "two rights" mortgage pilot project refers to the pilot work of rural contracted land (referring to cultivated land) management rights and farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans.

In order to further deepen rural financial reform and innovation, increase financial support for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", guide the orderly circulation of rural land management rights, and prudently and steadily promote the pilot of mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ housing property rights, in August 2015, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Piloting the Management Rights of Rural Contracted Land and Mortgage Loans for Farmers’ Housing Property Rights (Guo Fa [2015] No.45), and deployed the management rights of rural contracted land (referring to cultivated land).

In December 2015, the 18th session of the 12th the NPC Standing Committee passed the Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on authorizing the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement relevant laws and regulations in the administrative regions of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing and 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County in Tianjin, and authorized the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the administrative regions of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing. In the administrative areas of 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County, Tianjin, the provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Property Law and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Guarantee Law that the right to use collectively-owned homesteads shall not be mortgaged were temporarily adjusted and implemented.

List of 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) for mortgage loans of farmers’ housing property rights: Jixian County, Tianjin; Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province; Helinger County, Wulanhaote City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Tieling County, kaiyuan city City, Liaoning Province; Jiutai District, Changchun City, Jilin Province; Lindian County, founder county and Dorbert Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province; Wujin District, Yizheng City, Sihong County, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Yueqing City, qingtian county City, Zhejiang Province. Jinzhai County in Anhui Province, Xuanzhou District in Xuancheng City, Jinjiang City, Gutian County, Shanghang County and shishi city City in Fujian Province, yujiang county County, Huichang County and Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province, Feicheng City, Tengzhou City and Wenshang County in Shandong Province, hua county and lankao county in Henan Province and Hubei Province.yicheng city
Jiangxia District of Wuhan City, Liuyang City, leiyang city City and Mayang Miao Autonomous County of Hunan Province, Wuhua County and Lianzhou City of Guangdong Province, Tianyang County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wenchang City and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County of Hainan Province, jiangjin district, Kaixian County and Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County of Chongqing City, Pengshan District of Luxian County, Pixian County and Meishan City of Sichuan Province, Jinsha County and Meitan County of Guizhou Province and Dali City of Yunnan Province.

14. What does the "separation of powers" of homestead mean?

In 2018, the No.1 document of the Central Committee, Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy, proposed in the "Deepening the Reform of Rural Land System" to explore the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homesteads, implement collective ownership of homesteads, guarantee farmers’ qualification rights and farmers’ housing financial rights, and moderately liberalize homesteads and farmers’ housing use rights.

In 2020, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "further deepening the pilot reform of rural homestead system with the focus on exploring the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead." According to the requirements of the central government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will take the lead in organizing pilot projects, expand the scope of the pilot projects, enrich the pilot contents, improve the system design, explore ways to improve the system of homestead distribution, circulation, mortgage, withdrawal, use, income, approval and supervision around the "separation of ownership, qualification and use rights", and summarize a number of institutional innovations that can be replicated, promoted, benefit people’s livelihood and benefit the law.

Part II Acquisition of Homestead

15. Under what circumstances can rural villagers apply for homestead?

According to the land management law, combined with the relevant provisions of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) on the management of homestead, rural villagers may apply for homestead on a household basis in any of the following circumstances:

(1) No homestead;

(2) the existing homestead is lower than the household standard because of the children’s marriage and other reasons;

(3) the current housing affects the township (town) village construction planning and needs to be relocated and rebuilt;

(4) in line with the policy, the village collective organization has moved into the village and settled as a full member, and there is no homestead in the country of origin;

(5) Relocation due to natural disasters or avoiding geological disasters.

Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) have other provisions on the conditions for farmers to apply for homestead, and should also meet other conditions. 16. Who is the subject of rural homestead approval?

Article 62 of the Land Management Law stipulates that rural villagers’ residential land shall be examined and approved by the township (town) people’s government; Among them, those involving the occupation of agricultural land shall go through the examination and approval procedures in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of this Law. Article 44 stipulates that if the land occupied by construction involves the conversion of agricultural land into construction land, the examination and approval procedures for the conversion of agricultural land shall be handled.

In order to improve the examination and approval mechanism of rural residential land, the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Management of Rural Residential Land (Nongjingfa [2019] No.6) clearly stipulates that township governments should explore the establishment of a joint examination and joint office system for rural residential land construction with external acceptance and multi-departmental internal linkage operation, so as to facilitate farmers’ work. According to the results of the joint examination of agriculture, rural areas, natural resources and other departments, the township government will examine and approve the application for farmers’ homestead, and issue the Approval Letter for Rural Homestead, encouraging local governments to issue rural construction planning permits together with towns and villages, and make them public in an appropriate way. 17. What is the approval procedure for rural homestead application?

The allocation of rural homestead shall be implemented by farmers’ application, village group audit and township approval. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing the Management of Rural Homestead Approval (Nongjingfa [2019] No.6), the process of applying for homestead approval includes the application of farmers, the discussion and publicity by villagers’ groups, the material review by village-level organizations, the review by township departments, the examination and approval by township governments, and the issuance of letters of approval for homesteads. The specific process is shown in the figure below. If there are no separate villagers’ groups or the application for homestead and building has been handled by village-level organizations, farmers will apply directly to the village-level organizations, which will be discussed and approved by the villagers’ representative meeting and publicized within the scope of the collective economic organization, and then submitted to the township government for approval.

Approval process of rural villagers’ homestead application

18. Can farmers use agricultural land for building houses?

Farmers can use agricultural land when building houses in line with the planning conditions, but they must go through the formalities of agricultural land conversion in advance according to law. Where agricultural land is converted into construction land, in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of the Land Management Law, agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland is converted into construction land for the implementation of the plan within the scope of construction land for cities, villages and market towns determined in the overall land use plan, and it shall be approved by the organ that originally approved the overall land use plan or its authorized organ in batches according to the annual land use plan; Within the approved scope of agricultural land conversion, it can be specifically approved by the people’s government of the city or county. The conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land beyond the scope of construction land in cities, villages and market towns determined in the overall land use planning shall be approved by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government authorized by the State Council or the State Council. Permanent basic farmland to construction land, approved by the State Council.

On March 12, 2020, the State Council issued the Decision on the Authorization and Entrustment of Land Use Approval Authority (Guo Fa [2020] No.4), which on the one hand authorized the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland that the State Council can authorize into construction land. In accordance with the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 44 of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council authorizes the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land in batches within the scale of construction land in the State Council. According to the fourth paragraph of Article 44 of the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council authorizes the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land beyond the scope of construction land in cities, villages and market towns determined by the overall land use planning. On the other hand, the conversion of permanent basic farmland into construction land and the approval of land expropriation in the State Council are entrusted to the people’s governments of some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval. The first batch of pilot provinces are Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong and Chongqing, and the pilot period is one year. 19. After transferring the homestead, can farmers apply for the homestead again?

According to the provisions of Article 62 of the Land Management Law, rural villagers who sell, lease or donate their houses and then apply for homestead shall not be approved.

20. What is the nature of the right to use rural homestead?

The right to use the homestead is a usufructuary right. Chapter XIII of Part III of the Property Law "usufructuary right" is devoted to regulating the right to use homestead, among which Article 152 stipulates that "the owner of homestead right has the right to possess and use collectively owned land according to law, and has the right to use the land to build houses and ancillary facilities according to law".

21. Can farmers who settle in cities continue to retain the right to use their homesteads?

Farmers who settle in cities can retain their legally acquired right to use the homestead according to law.

According to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Adhering to Priority Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Doing a Good Job in" Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers "(Zhongfa [2019] No.1)," Insist on safeguarding farmers’ land rights and interests, and do not take withdrawing contracted land and homestead as the condition for farmers to settle in cities ",farmers who settle in cities cannot be forced to give up their legally obtained right to use homestead. Prior to this, the Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2016] No.191) stipulated that "after farmers settle in the city, their legally acquired homestead use rights should be registered." 22. Can rural homesteads and farmhouses be inherited?

Rural homestead cannot be inherited, and rural houses can be inherited according to law.

Rural homestead ownership, homestead use right and house ownership are separated, homestead ownership belongs to farmers’ collective, and homestead use right and house ownership belong to farmers. The right to use the homestead takes the household as the unit and enjoys the right to occupy and use the homestead according to law. In the case of the death of a member in the house and the existence of farmers, the problem of homestead inheritance does not occur. When farmers die, the subject of rights no longer exists and the right to use the homestead is lost. At the same time, according to the relevant provisions of the inheritance law, the house of the decedent is inherited by the heir as his inheritance. Because the premises can’t be separated, the heirs can use the homestead according to law after inheriting the house and obtaining the ownership of the house, but they don’t obtain the usufructuary right to use the homestead.

23. What is the "integrated real estate" title deed?

The property right certificate of "integration of real estate and premises" is the proof of the ownership of real right. According to the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate, and the Code of Practice for the Registration of Real Estate (for Trial Implementation), the rural homestead, collective construction land and the buildings and structures on it will be uniformly issued after unified ownership investigation and ownership registration.
Certificate of immovable property right of "integration of real estate and premises" 24. What materials do I need to submit for the "property-integrated" property right certificate?

To apply for the first registration of the right to use the homestead and the ownership of the house, the following materials shall be submitted according to different situations: (1) the applicant’s ID card and household registration book; (two) the ownership certificate of real estate or the document of the people’s government that has the right to approve the land use and other ownership source materials; (3) Relevant materials that the house conforms to the planning or construction; (four) the title questionnaire, land map, house plan and land boundary point coordinates and other materials related to the boundary and area of real estate; (5) Other necessary materials.

Where the right to use the homestead and the ownership of the house have been transferred due to inheritance according to law, division of property, exchange of houses within collective economic organizations, etc., the applicant shall submit the following materials according to different circumstances: (1) Certificate of ownership of real estate or other sources of ownership; (2) Materials inherited according to law; (3) agreements or materials on the division of property: (4) agreements on the exchange of houses within collective economic organizations; (5) Other necessary materials. 25. How to confirm the registration of the historical excessive occupation of homestead?

According to the former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work, the Ministry of Finance and the former Ministry of Agriculture, "Several Opinions on the Registration and Certification of Rural Collective Land Ownership" (No.178 [2011] of the Ministry of Land and Resources), according to different historical stages, the over-sized homestead was registered and certified.

Before the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Land for Building in Villages and Towns in 1982, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers for building has not expanded its land area since the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Land for Building in Villages and Towns, it can be registered for confirmation according to the existing actual use area;

From the implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Land for Building in Villages and Towns in 1982 to the implementation of the Land Management Law in 1987, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers for building houses exceeds the local area standard, after the excess part is handled according to the relevant national and local regulations at that time, it can be registered according to the actual use area;

After the implementation of the Land Management Law in 1987, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers exceeds the local area standard, the ownership registration shall be carried out according to the actual approved area. If the area exceeds the local standard, the area exceeding the standard can be indicated in the land register and the note column of the land title certificate. When the household building or the existing house is demolished, rebuilt, renovated or rebuilt, and the government implements the planning and reconstruction according to law, it will be dealt with according to the relevant regulations, and the ownership registration will be re-registered according to the local standard. Part III Utilization of Homestead 26. What are the main ways to make use of idle homesteads and idle houses?

The factors such as location conditions, resource endowment, environmental capacity, industrial base and historical and cultural heritage should be considered as a whole, and the rural idle homesteads and idle houses should be selected for active utilization. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019]), there are mainly the following ways to revitalize the utilization:

First, use idle houses to develop new industries and new formats such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism, catering and lodging, cultural experience, creative office, e-commerce and so on.

The second is to use idle houses to develop agricultural products cold chain, primary processing, warehousing and other first, second and third industries integration development projects.

Third, by means of consolidation, reclamation and greening, we will carry out the renovation of rural idle homesteads, make use of policies such as linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land according to laws and regulations, and entering the market with collective construction land, so as to provide land and other factors for farmers to build houses, rural construction and industrial development. 27. What are the main bodies of idle homesteads and idle houses?

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) proposes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of various subjects in accordance with the law and promote the formation of a good situation of multi-participation and win-win cooperation. The main body of active utilization mainly includes the following three categories:

First, rural collective economic organizations and their members. On the premise of fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of farmers’ homesteads, support rural collective economic organizations and their members to revitalize and utilize rural idle homesteads and idle houses in various ways such as self-employment, leasing, shareholding and cooperation. Encourage rural collective economic organizations with certain economic strength to make unified use of idle homesteads and idle houses.

The second is returnees. Support returnees to rely on their own and idle houses to develop suitable rural industrial projects. "Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Supporting Entrepreneurial Innovation of Returned Rural Workers to Promote the Integrated Development of Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries" (Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.84) puts forward that "supporting returned rural workers to develop farmhouse music by relying on their own and idle farmhouses. Under the premise of complying with the rural homestead management regulations and related plans, people returning to the countryside and farmers are allowed to cooperate to rebuild their own houses. "

The third is social enterprises. Guide enterprises with strength, willingness and responsibility to participate in the revitalization and utilization of idle homesteads and idle houses in an orderly manner. 28. What are the support policies to encourage the active use of idle homesteads?

First, financial rewards and subsidies. Co-ordinate arrangements for relevant funds, for rural idle homestead and idle residential use incentives, subsidies, etc.

Second, financial innovation supports the revitalization and utilization of projects. When conditions are ripe, local government special bonds will be issued to support rural idle homesteads and idle residential projects. Promote the innovation of financial credit products and services, and provide support for the revitalization and utilization of rural idle homesteads and idle houses.

The third is the social promotion of resource projects. Combined with rural tourism conference, agricultural carnival, agricultural fair and other activities, to promote rural idle homestead and idle residential resources to the society.

29. How to steadily promote the pilot demonstration of the revitalization and utilization of idle homesteads?

All localities, in light of the actual situation, selected a number of areas that local party committees and governments attach importance to, rural collective economic organizations are sound, rural residential land management is standardized, rural industries have a foundation, and farmers have high enthusiasm, and orderly carried out pilot demonstrations on the revitalization and utilization of rural idle residential land and idle houses. Highlight the characteristics of rural industries, integrate resources, and create a number of models for the revitalization and utilization of homestay (farmhouse) concentrated villages, rural tourism destinations, family workshops, and handicraft workshops. Summarize a batch of replicable and popularized experience models, explore a set of standardized and efficient operation mechanism and management system, and gradually push them away.

30. How to regulate the active use of idle homesteads according to law?

Further strengthen the management of homestead, standardize the utilization mode, business industry, lease term, transfer object, etc., to prevent encroachment on cultivated land, large-scale demolition and construction, and illegal development, and ensure that idle rural homestead and idle houses that are revitalized are obtained according to law and have clear ownership.

We must resolutely stick to the bottom line of laws and policies, and must not illegally recover the homestead legally obtained by farmers, and must not illegally buy or sell homesteads in disguise. It is strictly forbidden to use rural homesteads to build villa courtyards and private clubs in the countryside.

For the use of idle houses to develop homestays and other projects, in accordance with the requirements of Document No.1 of the Central Committee in 2018, measures such as facilitating market access and strengthening post-event supervision in areas such as fire protection and special industry operations should be studied and promoted as soon as possible.

31. What are the rules for developing homestays and using farmers’ farmhouses?

According to the Basic Requirements and Evaluation of Tourist Homes issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2019 (LB/T
065—2019), tourist B&B refers to small accommodation facilities that use local residential and other related idle resources, with no more than 4 floors of business rooms and no more than 800 square meters of construction area, and the host participates in the reception, providing tourists with experience of local nature, culture and production and lifestyle, and can be divided into urban B&B and rural B&B.. The business site of tourist homestays shall conform to the overall land and space planning of this city and county (including the current overall urban planning and land use planning) and the relevant planning for the development of local homestays. Operating a homestay should comply with the relevant regulations and requirements of public security, fire protection, sanitation, environmental protection and safety, and obtain the relevant licenses required by the local government. Some places, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hainan, etc., have issued policy documents according to local conditions, and made specific provisions on the development of homestays by using rural houses to promote the sustainable and healthy development of rural homestays.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that village collectives and farmers are encouraged to make full use of idle homesteads and idle houses, and develop farmhouse music, homestays and rural tourism according to laws and regulations through independent operation, cooperative operation and entrusted operation. Urban residents, industrial and commercial capital, etc. who rent farmhouses to live or operate shall strictly abide by the provisions of the contract law, and the term of the lease contract shall not exceed 20 years. After the expiration of the contract, both parties may make another agreement. 32. How to promote the economical and intensive use of homestead?

According to the provisions of the Land Management Law, rural villagers should build houses in accordance with the overall land use planning and village planning of townships (towns), and should not occupy permanent basic farmland, and try to use the original homestead and village Uchikoga.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) further requires that the land used for homesteads should be rationally arranged, and the occupation of agricultural land by new homesteads should be strictly controlled, and permanent basic farmland should not be occupied; Involving the occupation of agricultural land, it shall go through the formalities for the conversion of agricultural land in advance according to law. Villages outside the scale of urban construction land should increase the homestead space by giving priority to new construction land planning indicators, village renovation, and vacating abandoned homesteads to meet the housing needs of farmers who meet the conditions of homestead allocation. Within the scale of urban construction land, farmers’ housing needs can be met by building farmers’ apartments and farmers’ residential quarters. 33. Can rural homesteads and farmers’ houses be mortgaged?

In addition to the pilot areas authorized by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) to carry out mortgage loans for farmers’ housing property rights, rural homesteads and rural houses in other places cannot be mortgaged.

Article 184 of the Property Law stipulates that the right to use collectively-owned land, such as cultivated land, homestead, private plot and private plot, shall not be mortgaged, except as stipulated by law. Article 37 of the Guarantee Law stipulates that collectively owned land use rights such as cultivated land, homestead, private plots and private plots cannot be mortgaged.

At the same time, Article 182 of the Property Law stipulates that if a building is mortgaged, the right to use the construction land occupied by the building shall be mortgaged together. Where the right to use construction land is mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall be mortgaged together. That is to say, China implements the principle of "integration of real estate and premises", because the right to use the homestead cannot be mortgaged, resulting in the fact that the rural houses on it cannot be mortgaged.

The fourth part of the homestead circulation

34. What are the ways to transfer the right to use the homestead?

The transfer mode of homestead use right includes transfer and lease. 35. What conditions must be met for the transfer of the right to use rural residential land?

The transfer of the right to use the homestead must be carried out within the village collective economic organization with the consent of the owner of the homestead, and the transferee must be a rural villager who meets the application conditions of the homestead. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall meet other requirements for the transfer of homestead at the same time. 36. Can urban residents buy homesteads in rural areas?

I can’t.

The State Council’s Decision on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management (Guo Fa [2004] No.28) clearly stipulates that urban residents are prohibited from purchasing homestead in rural areas. The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) requires that "Homestead is the basic living guarantee for rural villagers, and it is strictly forbidden for urban residents to buy homesteads in rural areas, and it is strictly forbidden to use rural homesteads to build villa compounds and private clubs in rural areas. It is strictly forbidden to occupy or buy or sell homesteads in violation of laws and regulations in the name of circulation. "

37. What is the longest period for renting a farm house?

Article 214th of the Contract Law stipulates that the lease term shall not exceed 20 years. More than twenty years, the excess part is invalid. Upon the expiration of the lease term, the parties may renew the lease contract, but the agreed lease term shall not exceed 20 years from the date of renewal.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that urban residents, industrial and commercial capital and other rented farmhouses must strictly abide by the provisions of the contract law, and the term of the lease contract shall not exceed 20 years. After the expiration of the contract, both parties may make another agreement. The fifth part of the homestead withdrawal 38. Under what circumstances can the village collective recover the farmer’s homestead?

Under any of the following circumstances, the village collective may recover the right to use the homestead with the approval of the people’s government that originally approved the land use:

(1) If the township (town) village needs to use land for the construction of public facilities and public welfare undertakings, it shall collectively recover the right to use the homestead and give appropriate compensation to the right holder of the homestead;

(2) not using the homestead in accordance with the approved purposes;

(3) Stop using the homestead due to cancellation, relocation and other reasons;

(4) Idle or houses collapse, and the homestead that has not been restored for more than two years is demolished, and the land use right is no longer determined. If the right to use has been determined, it shall be reported by the collective to the people’s government at the county level for approval, and its land registration shall be cancelled and the right to use the homestead shall be collectively recovered;

(5) Non-agricultural registered permanent residence residents (including overseas Chinese) whose original homestead in rural areas has no change in housing property rights can determine their collective construction land use rights according to law. If the reconstruction is not approved after the house is demolished, the right to use the homestead shall be collectively recovered;

(6) When determining the right to use rural residents’ homestead, if the area exceeds the standard set by the local government, the number exceeding the standard area can be indicated in the land registration card and the warrant. In the future, when building houses by households or existing houses are demolished, rebuilt or rebuilt, or the government implements planning and reconstruction according to law, the right to use shall be re-determined according to the area standard stipulated by the local government, and the right to use shall be recovered by the collective;

(7) Other circumstances stipulated by the local government. 39. What are the provisions for voluntary and paid withdrawal of rural homestead?

Article 62 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the state allows rural villagers who have settled in cities to voluntarily withdraw from their homesteads with compensation according to law, and encourages rural collective economic organizations and their members to make active use of idle homesteads and idle houses.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that rural villagers who have settled in cities can raise funds through various channels and explore ways to encourage them to voluntarily withdraw from their homesteads. 40. What is the procedure for farmers to withdraw from the homestead?

In the pilot exploration of homestead system reform, farmers’ withdrawal from homestead mainly includes the following steps: farmers submit a written application, village audit, professional institutions evaluate the value, farmers sign an agreement with village collectives, farmers get compensation, and county-level authorities change registration.

41. Can farmers apply again after voluntarily withdrawing from the homestead?

Judging from the pilot exploration of homestead system reform, some pilot areas distinguish the withdrawal of homestead and determine whether to continue to apply, mainly including the following situations:

One is to quit completely. Voluntary paid withdrawal from the legal occupation of homestead, and no longer retain the eligibility for the right to use homestead, can not apply again. In this case, farmers can generally get complete compensation.

The second is partial withdrawal. If you withdraw from the legally occupied homestead but continue to retain the eligibility for the right to use the homestead, you can apply again if necessary within the agreed time limit. In this case, farmers can get less exit compensation.

The third is to illegally occupy the homestead and withdraw. For the homestead occupied by farmers in violation of laws and regulations, all localities generally adopt the method of free withdrawal, and can not apply again after withdrawal. 42. How to use the homestead that farmers quit?

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) proposes that under the premise of respecting farmers’ wishes and conforming to the plan, village collectives should be encouraged to comprehensively rectify the abandoned homestead, and the rectified land should be given priority to meet farmers’ demand for new homesteads, village construction and rural industrial development. The land value-added income generated by the active use of idle homesteads should all be used for agriculture and rural areas. 43. How to compensate for the expropriation of rural homestead?

The expropriation of homestead, property law and land management law have all been clearly stipulated.

Article 42 of the Property Law stipulates that in order to meet the needs of public interests, the expropriation of collectively owned land shall pay the land compensation fee, resettlement subsidy, compensation fee for ground attachments and young crops in full according to law, arrange social security fees for landless farmers, safeguard their lives and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. The expropriation of houses and other immovable property of units and individuals shall be compensated for demolition according to law, and the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated person shall be safeguarded; Where individual houses are expropriated, the living conditions of the expropriated person shall also be guaranteed.

Paragraph 4 of Article 48 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the compensation standards for expropriation of land other than agricultural land, ground attachments and young crops shall be formulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The rural villagers’ houses should be compensated fairly and reasonably in accordance with the principle of compensation before relocation and improvement of living conditions, and the wishes of rural villagers should be respected, and fair and reasonable compensation should be given by rearranging the homestead for building, providing resettlement houses or monetary compensation, and compensation should be paid for the relocation and temporary resettlement expenses caused by expropriation, so as to protect the rural villagers’ living rights and legitimate housing property rights and interests. 44. How to protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers’ homestead?

Homestead is the basic residential security land for rural villagers. The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) requires: the qualification right of homestead farmers and the property right of farmers should be fully guaranteed. It is not allowed to forcibly transfer the homestead against the wishes of farmers and force farmers to "go upstairs" in various names, and it is not allowed to illegally recover the homestead legally obtained by farmers, and it is not allowed to withdraw from the homestead as a condition for farmers to settle in cities. Strictly control the merger of the whole village, standardize the implementation procedures, and strengthen supervision and management. It is strictly forbidden to occupy or buy or sell homestead illegally in the name of circulation. Part VI Supervision and Management of Homestead 45. What are the functions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Homestead?

According to the Land Management Law and the "Three Decisions" plan of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is responsible for the reform and management of rural housing sites. To undertake the reform of rural homestead system, be responsible for drafting the draft laws, regulations and policies related to the management and use of rural homestead, guide the distribution, use and circulation of rural homestead, dispute arbitration management, rational layout of rural homestead, land use standards, and investigation and punishment of illegal land use, and guide the utilization of idle homesteads and idle farmhouses. 46. What is the division of responsibilities between the agricultural and rural departments and the natural resources departments about rural residential sites?

According to the department’s "three decisions" plan, the agricultural and rural departments are responsible for the reform and management of rural housing sites; The natural resources department is responsible for the conversion of land and other land space uses, land consolidation and reclamation, unified registration of real estate rights, formulation of land space planning and supervision of its implementation. In the specific work, the natural resources department is responsible for village planning, annual land use plan, rural construction planning permission, registration and certification of the right to use the homestead integrated with real estate, and the agricultural and rural departments are responsible for the management, reform, utilization, investigation and supervision of the homestead.

47. What is the working mechanism of rural homestead management?

The management mechanism of rural homestead is guided by the Ministry and the province, led by cities and counties, with the township as the main responsibility and the village as the main body. The focus of homestead management is at the grass-roots level, county and township governments assume territorial responsibility, agricultural and rural departments are responsible for industry management, and the specific work is undertaken by rural management departments. County and township governments should strengthen organizational leadership, earnestly strengthen the construction of grass-roots rural management system, increase support, enrich their strength, implement funds, improve conditions, and ensure that people are responsible for the work. 48. What does the "three presence" of rural homestead approval supervision mean?

The "Three Arrivals" of rural homestead approval and supervision refers to the arrival of homestead application review, measurement and approval before construction and verification and acceptance after completion.

Homestead application review: After receiving the application for homestead and building (planning permission), the township government should promptly organize the agricultural, rural and natural resources departments to review whether the applicant meets the conditions and whether the proposed land meets the planning and land type.

Before the start of construction, the farmers who have been approved to build houses with land shall apply to the township government or the authorized lead department to demarcate the land scope of the homestead before the start of construction, and the township government shall promptly organize the departments of agriculture, rural areas and natural resources to conduct on-site inspection, measure and approve the homestead on the spot, and determine the location of building.

Upon completion, check and acceptance will be present: after the completion of farmers’ housing construction, the township government will organize relevant departments to carry out acceptance inspection, on-the-spot check whether farmers use the homestead in accordance with the requirements of the approved area and four areas, and whether they build houses in accordance with the approved area and planning requirements, and issue the Acceptance Opinion Form for Rural Homestead and Building (Planning Permission).

49. What role should village-level organizations play in the daily management of homestead?

Rural homestead is owned by farmers collectively, and collective economic organizations or village committees exercise the ownership of rural homestead. Village-level organizations, under the guidance of township governments, should improve the democratic management methods of village homesteads, explore the establishment of village-level homestead coordinators, and manage and make good use of homesteads according to law. In the process of applying for examination and approval, be responsible for the preliminary examination and participate in the implementation of the requirements of "Three Arrivals" in the whole process, and mainly participate in the on-site inspection organized by the township government, measure and release the homestead on the spot, and determine the building location; After the completion of housing construction, farmers participate in the acceptance link organized by the township government, and on-the-spot check whether farmers use the homestead in accordance with the approved area and four requirements, and whether they build housing in accordance with the approved area and planning requirements. Strengthen the daily inspection of rural residential sites, discover and stop all kinds of illegal acts involving residential sites in time, and report to superiors in time if they refuse to dissuade or correct. 50. How to solve the problems left over from the history of rural homestead?

The problems left over from the history of rural homestead, such as "one household with more houses" and over-standard area, have complex causes and involve the vital interests of farmers. They should be classified and identified according to local conditions and laws and policies, and properly disposed of.

First, combined with the third national land survey and other work, carry out statistical surveys on rural residential sites to grasp the basic situation.

Second, the registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, which is integrated with the real estate, is classified according to the laws and policies of different periods.

Third, combined with the implementation of village planning, new rural construction, rural human settlements improvement, etc., the over-occupation, over-occupation, and indiscriminate occupation of homesteads will be gradually adjusted according to the plan.

The fourth is to guide the village level to resolve some remaining problems through democratic consultation and villagers’ autonomy.

Fifth, strengthen the management of rural residential sites to prevent new illegal acts. 51. What legal responsibilities should farmers bear for illegally occupying land to build houses?

China implements the strictest farmland protection system and land saving system, and insists on land use control, and it is strictly forbidden to occupy homestead beyond the standard. The land management law and the urban and rural planning law clearly define the corresponding legal responsibilities for illegal land occupation and building.

Article 75 of the Land Management Law stipulates that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, those who occupy cultivated land to build kilns and graves, or build houses, dig sand, quarry, mine and borrow soil on cultivated land without authorization, which damages the planting conditions, or cause desertification and salinization of land due to land development, shall be ordered by the competent departments of natural resources of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the competent departments of agriculture and rural areas to make corrections within a time limit and may also be fined; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 77 of the Land Management Law stipulates that: those who illegally occupy land without approval or by deception shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources of the people’s government at or above the county level to return the illegally occupied land; those who change agricultural land into construction land without authorization in violation of the overall land use plan shall dismantle the newly built buildings and other facilities on the illegally occupied land within a time limit and restore the land to its original state; those who meet the overall land use plan shall be confiscated and may be fined; The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel of illegal land occupation units shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. Occupation of land in excess of the approved amount shall be punished as illegal occupation of land.

Article 78 of the Land Management Law stipulates that if rural villagers illegally occupy land to build houses without approval or by deception, the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to return the illegally occupied land and dismantle the newly built houses on the illegally occupied land within a time limit. If the land exceeds the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it will be punished as illegal occupation of land.

Article 65 of the Urban and Rural Planning Law stipulates that if a rural construction planning permit is not obtained in accordance with the law or construction is not carried out in accordance with the provisions of the rural construction planning permit, the township and town people’s governments shall order it to stop construction and make corrections within a time limit; If it is not corrected within the time limit, it can be removed. 52. What are the law enforcement procedures for investigating and dealing with illegal acts of rural residential land?

In the administrative law enforcement of illegal land use of homestead, the competent agricultural and rural departments at or above the county level shall, according to Articles 67 and 68 of the Land Administration Law, first order them to stop the illegal acts and perform the right of supervision and inspection; The second is to order the demolition within a time limit and make an administrative penalty decision to order the demolition within a time limit. If the illegal act continues, it shall be dealt with according to article 83.

Article 83 of the Land Management Law: "If, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the newly-built buildings and other facilities on illegally occupied land are ordered to be demolished within a time limit, the construction unit or individual must immediately stop the construction and dismantle them by itself; To continue the construction, the organ that made the decision on punishment has the right to stop it. If the construction unit or individual refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment of ordering demolition within a time limit, it may bring a suit in a people’s court within fifteen days from the date of receiving the decision on ordering demolition within a time limit; If it fails to prosecute and dismantle itself at the expiration of the time limit, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution according to law, and the expenses shall be borne by the offender. "

In accordance with the spirit of deepening the constitutional reform of administrative law enforcement by the central authorities and the General Office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council’s "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Law Enforcement Force of Grassroots Integration of Examination and Approval Services" (No.5 [2019] of the Office of the Central Committee), all localities can explore gradually giving the rural homestead law enforcement power to the township people’s government for implementation in accordance with legal procedures and requirements.

53. What are the ways to resolve disputes over rural residential sites?

Article 14 of the Land Administration Law stipulates that disputes over land ownership and use rights shall be settled by the parties through consultation; If negotiation fails, it shall be handled by the people’s government.

Disputes between units shall be handled by the people’s governments at or above the county level; Disputes between individuals or between individuals and units shall be handled by people’s governments at the township level or above the county level.

If a party refuses to accept the decision of the relevant people’s government, he may bring a suit in a people’s court within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice of the decision.

Before the dispute over land ownership and use right is settled, neither party may change the status quo of land use.

Homestead disputes can also be resolved through people’s mediation. People’s mediation refers to a kind of mass autonomy activity under the auspices of mediation committees (including urban residents’ committees and rural villagers’ committees), based on national laws, regulations, policies and social ethics, to persuade and educate the parties to civil disputes, to promote mutual understanding and equal consultation between the parties to disputes, so as to reach an agreement voluntarily and eliminate disputes. People’s mediation is an important part of the current mediation system and a unique system in China’s legal system construction. 54. What basic work should be done in rural homestead management?

Combined with the land survey, registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, we will promote the establishment of a statistical survey system for rural homesteads, organize surveys on the utilization of homesteads and rural houses, and comprehensively understand the scale, layout and utilization of homesteads. Gradually establish the basic information database and management information system of homestead, and promote the information management of homestead application, approval, circulation, withdrawal and illegal land use investigation.

Strengthen investigation and study, timely study and solve new situations and new problems in the process of homestead management and reform, pay attention to summing up the good experiences and practices created by grassroots and farmers, implement the newly revised land management law, and timely revise and improve the local homestead management measures.

Strengthen organization and leadership, strengthen self-construction, increase the training of laws and policies, promote team building through work, and do a good job in homestead management.

　　Qi bangs, dark circles, a Beijing film, and teeth from time to time. When Nezha, who stepped on hot wheels, came to the audience, the 2019 summer file finally ushered in a domestic film Ne Zha that really made the market "dry up". The film was released yesterday, and with the good reputation of large-scale fermentation in the previous screening, the box office exceeded 140 million yuan on the first day.

　　Jiaozi, the director of the film, was born in 1980. He has been a loyal fan of cartoons since childhood. In 1979, his masterpiece "What’s wrong with the sea" was his favorite. Being obsessed with animation, he graduated from West China University of Medical Sciences (now West China Medical Center of Sichuan University) and "abandoned medicine to pursue literature" and embarked on the road of self-taught animation creation. In this process, he had encountered a lot of prejudice and contempt from outside, and he liked Nezha, a bold character, since he was a child, so jiaozi came up with the idea of creating a new version of Nezha.

　　At the beginning, jiaozi wrote the script outline fairly smoothly. After sending the animation of Fang Caitiao House, the main producer of the film, everyone thought it was done well. Jiaozi quickly wrote the first version of the script while the iron was hot. "At that time, I was quite confident. I didn’t think it would change much. They called and said that it was well written. Why don’t you come and have a meeting? As a result, various problems of the script were pointed out at the meeting. " However, the script is an organism, which affects the whole body. A slight change in one place may affect the whole article. In this way, in nearly two years, the script was revised to the 66 th edition before it was finalized.

　　Nezha, the leading actor, and the role of "playing soy sauce", Ne Zha has made a brand-new design different from the previous version. Nezha’s image was nearly 100 editions. Later, when the final edition was selected, some people thought that this little Nezha with eight eyebrows and dark circles was too ugly to accept, but jiaozi thought that such a design was exactly in line with the central idea of the film, that is, "breaking stereotypes and turning around fate".

　　Aobing, the third prince of the Dragon Palace, has always appeared as cannon fodder killed by Nezha in previous stories, but in this film, his scenes have greatly increased and he has become a "spirit bead" role in contrast to Nezha, the magic pill. In appearance, Nezha is a combination of man and demon, while the opposite Aobing is a combination of man and fairy, with elegant figure and elegant manners, and a beautiful young image. In action design, jiaozi drew lessons from the series of movies "Huang Feihong" starring Jet Li: Ao Bing’s fighting refers to Huang Feihong, which is chic and light, and has its own master style; Nezha’s movements refer to Ghost Feet 7, and he is wild and passionate, chasing after him.

　　In the audience’s impression, Tai Yi, a real person with a sage like style, completely subverted his image this time, with a big belly and a mouthful of "Trump", which became the comedy of the whole film. For such a change, jiaozi revealed that the founder had also carefully thought about it. The Dojo of Taiyi, Qianyuan Mountain Jinguangdong, is located in Jiangyou, Sichuan. He said that the Sichuan dialect is not groundless. As for the pair of clown boundary animals who are in charge of guarding Nezha in the film, the image comes from the cultural relics of the Yin and Shang Dynasties unearthed from Jinsha site in Sichuan.

　　As a veteran movie fan who has read countless films, jiaozi designed many bridges and details in the film to pay tribute to his favorite classic works. For example, Nezha’s double-ball-head modeling and Ao Bing’s double-hammer weapon come from the 1979 edition of What makes the sea noisy, and Nezha gets the dance gun after mixing the sky silk and the fire-pointed gun, which completely reproduces the animation of that year; The action of the enchantment beast to pick up the enchantment with weapons is based on the domestic classic animation "Make a scene in Heaven"; Taiyi real people read "Self-cultivation of Immortals" and the people in Chentang County were surprised to bite their mouths. At first glance, they knew that they were paying tribute to Stephen Chow’s comedy; As for Nezha playing tricks on Ao Bing and Shen Gongbao with transformation, he was inspired by Jackie Chan’s masterpiece "Shuanglong Club" … … The extensive use and reference of old Hong Kong films, China traditional animation and even Hollywood animation has made the film form a mixed style.

　　It is worth mentioning that the names of more than 60 domestic animation companies appeared in the credits, and the number of people involved in the production reached more than 1,600, which is the film with the largest number of participants among domestic animations so far. This not only represents the current situation of China animation industry, but also is a collective self-help for the whole industry. Jiaozi said frankly that the productivity of domestic animation is limited, and many large companies are reluctant to accept Nezha’s order because the budget is too small, and they may lose money. They had to distribute it to a large number of small companies, some contracted the whole scene, some only made animations, models or special effects, and some companies were even willing to help at a loss, which made jiaozi very moved. "Everyone is holding on, hoping that domestic animation can produce more fine products, so that more people are willing to invest in this industry, can support themselves, and can live more proudly." (Reporter Yuan Yuner)

On Autohome’s Zhongshan Premium Promotion Channel, we bring you exciting news! High-profile models are going on an unprecedented price reduction promotion in the Zhongshan area. This offer is unprecedented, with a car purchase subsidy of up to 50,000 yuan, which has reduced the starting price of this luxury sedan to a very competitive 179,800 yuan. This undoubtedly provides an excellent opportunity for consumers who are interested in purchasing the Hongqi EH7. Want to take advantage of this offer and explore more specific car pickup prices and preferential policies? Be sure to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get this real discount.

The side-body design is the unique charm of the Hongqi EH7. The body size of this luxury sedan is 4980mm x 1915mm x 1490mm, and the wheelbase is up to 3000mm, which shows a solid and spacious interior layout. The side lines are smooth and delicate, and with the front and rear tires of 245/50 R18, it not only enhances the driving stability, but also gives the body an elegant dynamic sense. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1645mm and 1655mm respectively, which further ensure the balance and stability of the vehicle during driving.

[Interior Introduction] The interior design of the Hongqi EH7 fully reflects the perfect fusion of luxury and technology. It adopts an exquisite leather steering wheel, which not only feels comfortable to the touch, but also supports manual up and down + front and rear adjustment to meet the individual needs of the driver. The 15.5-inch large screen design on the center console is full of technology, integrating multimedia, navigation, telephone and air conditioning control, which is convenient and fast. In terms of seats, imitation leather and leather/fur materials are mixed and matched to provide a good riding experience. The main driver seat has 4-way adjustment, waist support and heating/ventilation functions, and is equipped with power seat memory, which takes into account comfort and convenience. The front USB/Type-C interface and mobile phone wireless charging function meet the needs of passengers’ electronic devices and make travel more convenient. The overall interior design fully reflects the Hongqi brand’s attention to detail and commitment to comfort.

The Hongqi EH7 is equipped with a powerful engine with a maximum power of 253 kilowatts, providing abundant power support for the vehicle. At the same time, its peak torque reaches 450 Nm, ensuring stability and response speed during driving. The outstanding performance of this engine not only meets the needs of daily driving, but also shows Hongqi’s in-depth understanding and pursuit of driving experience.

To sum up, the Autohome owner’s evaluation of the Hongqi EH7 was full of admiration. He particularly mentioned its stylish and dynamic exterior design, which shows the unique charm of the vehicle from the smooth lines on the side to the through taillights at the rear. The owner’s love for the front closed design and new car logo, as well as the recognition of the body length, undoubtedly strengthened the status of the Hongqi EH7 as a model that attracts young people. The dynamic light effect when locking the car every night adds a sense of technology and ritual to this new energy model, making the owner feel full of satisfaction and pride. Under the new energy logo of the Qimiao wings, the Hongqi EH7 is not just a car, but also a symbol of the owner’s taste and lifestyle.

　　Lane 41, Sanyuan Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, is a commercial and residential building where the blue-and-white "Ele.me" logo hangs. He Shengsheng, 28, is the webmaster of the food delivery platform Ele.me in Shanghai.

　　"In December 2014, I came to Shanghai to work hard and saw that Ele.me was recruiting a large number of riders, and the salary was not bad, so I came here." He Shengsheng told First Financial Reporter that in May 2015, due to his outstanding work performance, he was promoted to become a stationmaster, mainly responsible for helping riders solve problems encountered in daily work and life.

　　Ele.me Hummingbird Delivery released the "2018 Takeaway Riders Group Insight Report" shows that there are more than 3 million registered riders in Hummingbird Delivery, of which 77% of Hummingbird riders are from rural areas, the average age is about 29 years old, and the proportion of post-95s has exceeded 20%. Riders deliver 48 orders per day on average, and travel nearly 150 kilometers.

　　With the accelerated pace of life, people are increasingly concerned about the value of time, and instant delivery has come into being. Nowadays, instant logistics distribution platforms have entered the field of intra-city, small-scale, and takeaway, and gradually expanded to the field of fresh food, supermarket delivery, and even a wider range of express terminal areas.

　　longest3.5kilometer

　　As a young man who came to Shanghai from Lu’an, Anhui Province to work hard, making money is He Shengsheng’s top priority.

　　"Joined Ele.me as a rider on December 22, 2014. At that time, the order volume was not very large. The overtime salary was more than 8,000 yuan, and the unit helped pay five insurances and one housing fund." He Shengsheng told reporters that there are now 65 riders (full-time + part-time) under his own management. Every month, the company will settle the salary according to its own control of the site and performance. Generally, if you do a good job, the monthly salary is more than 10,000 yuan; if you do a little worse, 6,000 to 8,000 yuan.

　　The reporter learned that almost all the instant delivery fields such as Ele.me, Meituan, and Dada use the agent model. Take Ele.me as an example. Ele.me has dozens of agents in Shanghai, each agent has multiple sites, and the maintenance of the site is jointly managed by the channel manager dispatched by Ele.me and the area manager dispatched by the agent. And He Shengsheng’s site belongs to Jiangxi Hummingbird Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.

　　When He Shengsheng first took over the position of stationmaster, most of his time was occupied by manual orders, such as the same rider arranging several orders in the same direction for him. "At that time, it was still manual, and there was no intelligent order like now."

　　The intelligent dispatching system He Shengsheng mentioned is the "Ark" of Ele.me intelligent dispatching system, which is the core link in the field of instant delivery of takeout. The system replaces most of the work of webmasters, reduces the degree of human intervention, and realizes automated and intelligent dispatching.

　　The first financial reporter saw in the computer background of the Ele.me site that the Ark system can display the intelligent scheduling order link: user order, merchant order, intelligent scheduling (rider order/robot order), delivery to users, etc. Through big data and machine learning, user orders are matched with the optimal path under the optimal decision to ensure delivery efficiency.

　　In addition, the system can also display the location of the rider in real time, as well as the number of orders in his hand and the number of orders to be completed. "The location is mainly based on the rider’s exclusive app loaded in the rider’s mobile phone. Generally, the rider who completes the order delivery task will return to the business district where he is located, which is convenient for the system to send orders. The longest straight line distance from the food pickup point to the customer is 3.5 kilometers." The business district He Shengsheng is in charge of is the Centennial Central Shopping Plaza and 118 Square in Putuo District. How far is 3.5 kilometers? If you use a 1 yuan coin (25mm diameter) to spread in a straight line, you need 140,000 pieces.

　　In the current situation of intelligent ordering, He Shengsheng no longer dispatches orders manually, but also needs to manage the riders, such as the problems encountered by the riders need to be dealt with in a timely manner; in terms of orders, there are merchants who need to be solved, and riders who need to come to him to solve. In addition, it depends on whether the distribution of system orders is reasonable.

　　"The factors to judge whether an order is reasonable are based on a rider’s ability to carry orders in the past period of time, the timeliness of orders, the timeliness of riders’ delivery, etc. Only in this way can we determine the amount of riders’ orders and the shortest time he can deliver orders to customers." He Shengsheng revealed that under normal circumstances, riders with strong ability have no problem going out to receive 12 to 15 orders at a time. If they encounter peak delivery periods, such as going to the same office building for food delivery, they can also reach 18 orders at a time.

　　The Ark system will combine nearby orders from the same street and the same building, and deliver them to one rider in a unified manner, which is called "chasing orders" in the industry. He Shengsheng said: "Although it doesn’t matter if the pickup point is different, as long as the customer is in the same building, the delivery efficiency is quite high. This is why so many orders are sent to capable riders, because he knows which restaurant is fast and which is slow, and he will go to the restaurant with the fast meal first."

　　From "bronze" to "king"

　　This is an industry where every second counts, and riders need to consider two factors: the speed of the restaurant’s delivery, and whether the customer is in the same location. They need a path plan.

　　For a rider who has been in the job for a long time and has strong ability, after he receives the order, he has a plan, such as which restaurant to drop by, where to pick up the meal, the speed of the restaurant’s delivery, etc., and then deliver it to the customer. Which orders are delivered first or some customers urge orders to be delivered first, there is a reasonable plan.

　　He Shengsheng said: "For a new rider, he doesn’t know where the restaurant is, so the Ele.me platform will tell him where the food pickup point is and where the delivery point is, and he can follow the prompts given to him by the system. In this case, it is more suitable for him to give one or two orders at a time."

　　Ark learns the rider’s food delivery data, delineates the rider’s level, and ladders the rider’s target order quantity at all levels, so as to make a ability portrait for each rider, and assigns the waybill to the most suitable rider.

　　During the midday and evening peaks of takeout, Ark will prioritize orders to high-level riders during peak periods based on waybill efficiency to improve delivery efficiency. According to data provided by Ele.me, the Ark system can process orders at a peak of more than 80 orders per second. During the peak period of takeout, Ark will emphasize fairness on the basis of considering efficiency. Through big data analytics, the order volume of riders is balanced to ensure that the order volume allocated by riders of the same level and team is roughly the same within a certain time span.

　　The Ele.me platform divided Hummingbird’s riders into different levels, and the Honor of Kings game was divided into 6 levels, followed by bronze, silver, gold, platinum, diamond, and king. "The more orders a rider gives, the better, the higher the level will be."

　　"Different agents may pay riders different salaries in different cities. The salary of riders on our site consists of three parts: 1. Performance commission, the standard is less than 600 orders, according to 7 yuan/order; more than 600 orders, according to 8 yuan/order. 2. Subsidies are made according to the weight, distance, weather, rider level, etc. of each order. 3. There are praise rewards and rush orders rewards every month." He Shengsheng said that the average monthly income of full-time riders at his site is 7,000-9,000 yuan, and the KPI assessment indicators for riders are similar, basically changing once a month. At present, the main assessment is the cancellation of riders’ delivery and T12 timeout.

　　T12 timeout refers to a timeout of 12 minutes. For example, the assessment time of the rider’s order T is 10:30. If the rider arrives after 10:42, it has exceeded the time value of the rider’s order assessment.

　　How to determine what time is the expectation of the booking customer? He Shengsheng said that under normal circumstances, it is divided into pre-orders and instant orders, and pre-orders can be booked to a certain time period; for instant orders, the system will determine the time expected by the customer of the order according to the timeliness of the restaurant, order memory and other factors, and then give a time.

　　Not only Ele.me, but also its competitors Meituan and Dada have long integrated AI and big data into their business development.

　　The reporter learned that there are many entrants in the field of instant delivery at present, mainly divided into three categories: one is established in 2014, flash delivery, Dada, UU errands and other established intra-city courier companies, the other is the instant delivery originating from the takeaway model, such as Ele.me’s Hummingbird delivery, Meituan’s Meituan special delivery team, Dada-JD Daojia’s new Dada, etc.; the third is SF Express, Yuantong, Yunda and other traditional logistics companies, SF Express’s instant delivery business, Yuantong’s timing, Yunda’s cloud delivery. The players on the track are gathered, all intending to get a share of this emerging market.

　　For the future, He Shengsheng expressed the hope that he can seize the opportunity and grow with the takeaway platform. (Wang Hai)