China’s complete historical dynasties, pioneers and years of existence, remember to collect them for your children after reading them.

We all know that China has a history of 5,000 years, but it is estimated that few people know which dynasties, founders and years have existed in these 5,000 years.

Xia Shang, Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou were divided into two halves; Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties; Three-point Wei Shuwu, extended before and after the Jin Dynasty; The Northern and Southern Dynasties stood side by side, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed;

After the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dynasty ended.

We should all recite this historical dynasty song, but it is a main framework and not comprehensive. Let’s take a look at the specific content together.

1. Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty was founded by Yu, formed by his son Xia Qi, survived for 470 years by seventeen emperors, and finally died in Xia Jie.

2. Shang Dynasty

Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty in about 1600 BC, and died in Shang Zhouwang in about 1046 BC, surviving for 554 years.

3. Western Zhou Dynasty

Zhou Wuwang Ji Fa was founded in about 1046 BC and died in 771 BC, totaling 275 years.

4. Eastern Zhou Dynasty

Ji Yijiu, Zhou Pingwang, was founded in 770 BC and died in 221 BC, surviving for 514 years, including the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

5. Qin Dynasty

Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, unified the six countries and established the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC. He died in Hu Hai, Qin Ershi in 207 BC and lived for 15 years.

6. Western Chu Dynasty

The overlord Xiang Yu was founded in 207 BC, which nominally unified most of the territory in the late Qin Dynasty and lived together for four years.

7. Western Han Dynasty

Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, defeated Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, and established the Western Han Dynasty in 202 BC. In 8 AD, he was usurped by his consort Wang Mang and survived for 210 years.

8. Wang Mang’s new dynasty

Wang Mang, the consort of the Western Han Dynasty, was founded in 8 AD and was overthrown by greenwood hero in 23 AD, with a total of 1 emperor and survived for 16 years.

9. Xuan Han

In 23 AD, Liu Xuan proclaimed himself emperor and restored the Han Dynasty, nominally restoring the rule of the Han Dynasty and recovering most of the territory in the late Western Han Dynasty. Xuanhan belonged to make a new start regime and only existed for two years.

10. Eastern Han Dynasty

Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, was founded in 25 AD and died in 220 AD, surviving for 195 years.

11. Three Kingdoms Period

Wei, Shu and Wu were the three kingdoms, represented by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan, for a total of 60 years.

12. Western Jin Dynasty

Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, established the Western Jin Dynasty in 265 AD, which ended the tripartite confrontation between the three countries and realized the unification of the country. A total of four emperors lived for 51 years.

13. Eastern Jin Dynasty

Si Marui, Emperor of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, was founded in 317 AD and died in 420 AD, surviving for 103 years.

14. Sixteen Kingdoms Period

Sixteen countries are not one of the most chaotic periods in our history. For a total of 135 years, the sixteen countries were: Qianliang, Chenghan, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Beiliang, Xiliang, Houliang, Nanliang, Qianyan, Houyan, Southern Yan, Beiyan, Xia, Qianqin, Xiqin and Houqin.

15. Southern Dynasties

From 420 AD to 589 AD, the Southern Dynasties lasted for 169 years. There were four dynasties: Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty.

16. Northern Dynasties

From 439 to 581 AD, there were five dynasties, namely Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou, which survived for 142 years.

17. Sui Dynasty

Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, ended the division of the country and achieved reunification. The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 AD, with two emperors. Emperor Yangdi Yang Guang died in 618 AD.

18. Tang Dynasty

In 618 AD, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor and founded the Tang Dynasty, and he lived for 289 years.

19. Wu Zhou

Wu Zhou was a dynasty established by Wu Zetian and the only feminist dynasty in China. It existed from 690 to 705 A.D. for 15 years, with only one emperor.

20, Five Dynasties

From 907 to 960, there were three dynasties, namely, Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and HouFriday, which survived for 53 years.

21. Ten countries

The ten countries are: Qianshu, Yangwu, wuyue, Machu, Min, Nanhan, Nanping, Houshu, Nantang, Beihan, etc., with a total survival of 88 years.

22. Northern Song Dynasty

Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu established the Song Dynasty and reunified the country. It survived for 167 years and died in 1127.

23. Southern Song Dynasty

The founder, Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, existed from 1127 to 1279, with a total of 152 years.

24. Liao Dynasty

The founder, Yelu Abaoji, lived for 218 years from 907 to 1125.

25. Xixia

Li Yuanhao, the Emperor Jingzong of Xia Dynasty, was founded in 1038, experienced 189 years and died in 1227.

26, rulers

Akuta was founded in 1115-1234, with a total of 119 years.

27. Yuan Dynasty

The founder, Kublai Khan of Yuan Taizu, lived for 97 years from 1271 to 1368.

28. Ming Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was a real self-made emperor in the history of China. The Ming Dynasty existed for 276 years, was founded in 1368 and was destroyed in 1644.

29. Qing Dynasty

The founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Nurhachi. According to historical records, the real Qing Dynasty should be counted from the entry of Huang Taiji, and the former was called the later Jin Dynasty. From 1636 to 1912, it existed for 276 years and was the last feudal dynasty in China.

23141 Football Quiz: brentford vs West Ham United

Traditional football 14 quiz games.

Welcome to the 23141 football quiz game:

Brentford vs West Ham United is stronger than brentford. Brentford’s performance in the near future is average, and West Ham United may win or draw; Sheffield United VS Wolves, the current state and strength of Wolves are better than Sheffield United, and they are more likely to win this game.

Everton VS Brighton, although Brighton has certain strength, there is still a gap compared with Everton, and Everton has a greater chance of winning or drawing. Manchester City VS Bournemouth, Manchester City is a strong team in the Premier League, and its strength is obviously higher than Bournemouth. In this game, Manchester City wins, Burnley VS Crystal Palace, and the strength of the two teams in this game is relatively close. Burnley has performed well recently, while Crystal Palace has some ups and downs, but considering Burnley’s situation, it is possible to win or draw.

Newcastle United VS Arsenal, Newcastle United performed in general, Arsenal has a strong lineup and good offensive ability, and Arsenal has a greater chance of winning or drawing.

Frejborg VS M? nchengladbach, although Frejborg also has certain strength, M? nchengladbach is more prominent in attack and midfield control.

Meng Xing wins or draws. Hoffenheim VS Leverkusen, a strong Leverkusen with outstanding offensive and defensive abilities. Although Hoffenheim has certain strength, there is still a certain gap.

Leverkusen wins. Clone VS augsburg, Cologne and augsburg are similar in strength, but Cologne has performed slightly better recently. Augsburg has a lot of ups and downs, and this game is a draw or Cologne wins. Berlin United VS Frankfurt, the Berlin United lineup is poor, and there are problems in attack and defense. Frankfurt wins or draws. Mainz VS Leipzig Red Bull, Leipzig has advantages in attack and defense recently.

Red Bull Leipzig won this game. Dortmund VS Bayern Munich, although Dortmund has certain strength, there is still a certain gap compared with Bayern, and Bayern won the game. Atlanta VS Inter Milan, despite Atlanta’s remarkable offensive ability, Inter Milan has an advantage in lineup and defense.

Inter Milan won the game. AC Milan VS Udinese, the strength of AC Milan, a strong Serie A team, is obviously stronger than Udinese. AC Milan won this game, and the charm of football lies in its passion and unpredictability. Welcome to my sports lottery store to present you with a wonderful football feast.

Pay attention to salary and think about things, and analyze more exciting football games for you.

Antique beauty cosmetics are neither ancient nor beautiful.

Once Guofeng Beauty is solidified into a revised copy, a concept and a face value of "changing the soup without changing the medicine", how long can consumers buy it?

Even if you haven’t bought Guofeng beauty cosmetics, you must have heard of Forbidden City makeup, Huaxizi carved lipstick, Mao Geping Guofeng series …

Following the "national tide" fever, domestic beauty brands have been rising in recent years.

According to the report of CBNData, in 2020, the growth rate of domestic brands in the beauty care industry is much higher than that of foreign brands. At the same time, during Tmall’s "Double Eleven" in 2020, domestic beauty products went to sea and increased by more than 10 times.

Many domestic beauty brands make good use of China elements to create product differences. Among them, the makeup of the Forbidden City made the "national beauty" fire out of the circle.

Even international brands are jealous to join in the fun. L ‘Oré al, Chanel, Estee Lauder, Givenchy, YSL, etc. are all playing the national beauty in the China market.

In April 2020, Wang Yifan, who "restored" China’s ancient cosmetics, was in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. /vision china

However, if you play too many routines, aesthetic fatigue is inevitable. After the makeup of the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace, netizens ridiculed that "Tiantan lipstick is ready to go", "Great Wall eye shadow is gearing up" and "Xiangshan socks are stepping up production".

Once Guofeng Beauty is solidified into a revised copy, a concept and a face value, how long can consumers buy it?

Beauty cosmetics are rubbing against the national style.

The Forbidden City Wenchuang, which was raging around, set off a wave of national marketing as soon as it entered the beauty industry.

Take the Forbidden City Taobao as an example. In 2018, it launched "Floating Sky, Canghai, Forbidden City Crane Series" and "Dark Night Streamer, Forbidden City Mother-of-pearl Series" (hereinafter referred to as "Crane Series" and "Mother-of-pearl Series" respectively).

In terms of design elements, these two series of items include their designs, which are from different collections of cultural relics in the Forbidden City. For example, the design inspiration of the mother-of-pearl series comes from the "Mother-of-pearl Hua Niaowen Bed with Black Paint" in the Palace Museum.

In terms of name, the mouth red number of the crane series is added with three major colors: "Palace Wall Red", "Lang Yaohong" and "carmine". According to the sales data of Taobao in 2018, this new gameplay made the Xianhe series lipstick sell 80,000 pieces on the day of "Double Twelve".

On September 6, 2020, Beijing, the cultural service area of the 2020 Service Trade Fair, the Forbidden City lipstick was launched by the Forbidden City. /people’s vision

Such a marketable idea soon attracted a group of followers.

M.A.C, who is good at "copying homework", immediately launched the "New Year Limited Series" jointly with the Forbidden City. Not only international brands, but also Xie Fuchun, one of the founders of Guofeng beauty brand, refused to accept the old age and jointly launched the "ancient perfume" with the Forbidden City.

Other "students" can’t sit still, so they join hands with other cultural and creative IPS. The most representative is the joint make-up of Kating and the Summer Palace, which is called "A Hundred Birds Face the Phoenix". The Summer Palace co-branded makeup was once a hot spot in the Forbidden City makeup: who is the official lipstick?

Kazilan asked Dunhuang Museum for a co-branded makeup, and L ‘Oré al asked China National Museum for a co-branded lipstick. Finding a joint name of the museum has become the standard of the hot spot of the national wind for a time.

We don’t engage in co-branded Huaxizi, but take the opportunity to bring out "carved lipstick", that is, we present ancient elements on lipstick with the ancient embossed process of re-engraving.

Other brands that don’t engage in co-branding have also racked their brains to find China elements to launch their own national beauty series. When the brand Hua, a new domestic product, knew about it, she gave the six blush colors of the new series names such as "slow voice", "qingpingle", "fairy", "recalling the youth", "Sauvignon Blanc" and "seeing each other".

European and American brands are also in line with the Chinese style: Armani produced a simple and rude limited high-gloss powder for the Year of the Dog, Givenchy produced a limited edition cosmetics for the Year of the Monkey, and Chanel once again launched an oriental screen series of cosmetics.

In fact, it is not new to play with national beauty. The master is here to play Guofeng Beauty Makeup-Dai Chunlin, who has been in existence since the Ming Dynasty, and Xie Fuchun, who inherited the tradition of Yangzhou powder in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, are the two founders of Guofeng Beauty Makeup.

On August 22, 2017, in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, citizens passed the Chinese time-honored brand Xie Fuchun Cosmetics Commercial Retail Store. /vision china

Duck egg powder, which ancient celebrities competed for, has always been the top product of Dai Chunlin and Xie Fuchun. Rouge, as the overlord of ancient makeup, and the thrush tool "snail Dai" favored by ancient nobles are also the star products of these two companies.

The classic four-piece set of Xie Fuchun Town Store is rouge, powder, hair oil and fragrant parts. The royal makeup series of Dai Chunlin Palace, which became famous in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, continues to this day; Dai Chunlin also launched a Dream of Red Mansions, a series of twelve women in Jinling.

Things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme.

It didn’t take long for Guofeng beauty cosmetics to be lively, and the problem came.

The landmark event is that the Forbidden City makeup is in a crisis of production suspension. In January 2019, the Forbidden City Taobao issued an official statement: the original series of makeup of the Forbidden City Taobao still has a lot of room for improvement from appearance to quality, and decided to stop production across the board.

At this time, it was less than a month before Taobao, the Forbidden City, launched makeup.

The rush to stop production is directly related to insufficient production capacity. According to national business daily, a few days after Taobao put on make-up in the Forbidden City, some consumers reported that the products that had been purchased before were refunded. The customer service responded that the pre-sale quantity of makeup has reached the production capacity saturation, so the pre-sale is suspended.

However, the most fundamental reason is the poor quality of the products. Weibo, the official Taobao official of the Forbidden City, responded to the shutdown event, saying that "the lipstick appearance feedback is not high enough, and there is room for improvement in the smoothness and color of the paste. Eye shadow pearlescent particles are not fine enough, and some colors have flying powder phenomenon. Blush, pink, and orange are acceptable. The practicality of the emerald blue is not good. "

To put it bluntly, the creativity of Guofeng beauty cosmetics is good, but it is not easy to cooperate with the production end.

The "2020 Domestic Makeup Market Research Report" released by Yiou think tank and Tmall Beauty (hereinafter referred to as "Yiou 2020 Domestic Makeup Report") points out that low-price competition and high marketing expenses restrict the investment in product research and development. In order to enter the market quickly, most domestic make-up brands rely on OEM production. This has led to a situation that a foundry works for multiple brands at the same time and the products of different brands converge.

The report also pointed out that due to the low barriers to entry in the beauty industry, brands without independent product design and innovation capabilities are keen to copy or imitate popular categories and styles, and then sell them at lower prices, further intensifying competition in the same category and depressing overall industry profits.

National business daily once reported that Hua Xizi officially released the recruitment information of "high-paid anti-counterfeiting officials" to the outside world in March 2020. After only one month (June), the anti-counterfeiting officer complained about nearly 2,000 fake information on various e-commerce platforms and prosecuted more than 300 cases.

From the perspective of consumption, many European and American brands’ "Chinese style restrictions" have been repeatedly ridiculed. Armani’s limited high-gloss powder in the Year of the Dog was ridiculed as "the biggest killer in the beauty industry". Givenchy’s limited make-up in the Year of the Monkey also caused netizens to ask: "Do European and American big names have any misunderstandings about Chinese style?"

Moreover, the common routines such as changing the copy, putting together the concept, and spelling the face value are much more played, which is also easy to cause aesthetic fatigue. If there is no more core product innovation, the enthusiasm of consumers will be difficult to sustain.

In contrast, the century-old brand of neighboring Japan, excellent product strength is fundamental.

Shiseido in Japan, the brand name comes from the Book of Changes. Shiseido’s brand symbol "Toona sinensis", that is, a gorgeous and elegant camellia, symbolizes the Japanese cultural tradition of appreciating nature. The treasure of its town store is a product with real vitality for a hundred years, such as EUDERMINE red honey dew lotion developed on the basis of western pharmaceutical prescriptions in 1890.

Difficult to be high-end

"Big-name flat replacement", that is, a cheap substitute for big names, is the key for some domestic beauty brands to rely on the national wind elements.

Imagine, if the price of the Forbidden City Xianhe series lipstick is not within 150 yuan, but 300-500 yuan, will it still sell so well? In the long run, if you want to be stable and strong in the whole market, it is almost a consensus of domestic beauty brands to hit the high end.

Forbidden City lipstick. /vision china

This is because there is a "1 billion curse" in new consumer brands, that is, when the brand grows to an annual sales of 1 billion yuan, it will encounter growth bottlenecks. If we don’t transform at this time, once the traffic dividend fails, the profit model of the whole enterprise will collapse. It is at this stage that the perfect diary vigorously promotes the transformation of the brand to "high-end".

On the one hand, Perfect Diary invited Zhou Xun and Poke Ye (Troye Sivan) as brand spokespersons; On the other hand, the perfect diary quickly laid offline stores. By September 2020, Perfect Diary had opened 200 stores in just 20 months.

Yiou 2020 Domestic Makeup Report also pointed out: Some insiders believe that domestic make-up is not high-end because "I dare not try, I dare not invest, I am afraid of failure, and I am afraid that the loss will outweigh the gain". On the one hand, domestic cosmetics that lack brand accumulation have to maintain sales at low prices; On the other hand, weak profits and lack of talents make it impossible for domestic cosmetics to further develop and innovate and differentiate products and brands.

However, even if the intensity of burning money is well-known in the industry, what kind of answer sheet can the perfect diary hand over in the high-end impact? Perhaps, everything has just begun.

On April 18th, 2021, Beijing Guangqu Road Business Circle, Heshenghui Shopping Center, Zhou Xun endorsed the PERFECT DIARY perfect diary beauty cosmetics chain store. /vision china

Mao Geping, another representative of the impact on high-end domestic products, has been positioned in high-end domestic cosmetics from the beginning. In addition to the big IP of founder Mao Geping, it also cooperated with the Forbidden City to produce a three-season makeup series. Even if it is praised by netizens as "the subversion of the value of Guofeng beauty", from the sales data, the joint makeup of the Forbidden City is far less than before.

After all, the price of the third season’s "rockhopper gold-plated stunning lipstick" jointly issued by the Forbidden City in Mao Geping reached 560 yuan. To fight the big names in Europe and America in this price range, it seems that the joint name of the Forbidden City in Mao Geping is not enough to rely on the IP of the Forbidden City and the beautiful face value.

In the high-end development of the brand, Shiseido in Japan provides another example.

According to the research report of Guojin Securities, Shiseido adheres to the strategy of "high-end priority" and gathers resources to high-end brands at the brand end; At the research and development end, many research results of "whitening", "sun protection" and "anti-wrinkle" have been created; On the channel side, let its high-end brands seize the most luxurious location; On the marketing side, Shiseido has always led the Japanese advertising design community; On the supply chain side, Shiseido’s global layout has achieved efficient production.

To this day, Shiseido is constantly updating its market strategy to keep up with the changes in the consumer market.

For the growing domestic beauty brands, there is still a long way to go to high-end and even globalization.

Author | Shu Shaohuan

Typesetting | Zhen mi Li

Original title | Antique cosmetics: After the "national wind fever" is on fire, what should beauty do next?

First published in issue 589 of New Weekly.

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