[New Practice of Governing the Country-Heilongjiang Chapter] Heilongjiang Province’s agricultural cooperation with Russia is fruitful. Agriculture ＂goes out＂ and sings ＂new friendship＂

　　Because it is located in the core area of Northeast Asia economic circle, the border with Russia is 402 kilometers long, and there are two land ports located in the region. With its unique geographical advantages and pioneering thinking, Mudanjiang Agricultural Reclamation Administration has become one of the earliest entrepreneurs in Heilongjiang Province. The new friendship farm it founded has nearly one million mu of cultivated land in the Russian Far East, making it the largest state-owned enterprise for overseas agricultural development in our province.

　　Nowadays, through the continuous deepening of agricultural "going out", "new friendship" farms have been born. Heilongjiang’s agricultural cooperation with Russia is not only flourishing, but also expanding. The development of agricultural cross-border industrial chain has achieved rough results, and songs of "new friendship" are constantly being sung along the border.

　　foreword

　　In Heilongjiang province, almost everyone knows the friendship farm. This farm, which belongs to Hongxinglong Administration of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau and is located in the rich and beautiful Sanjiang Plain, is known as the No.1 Farm in China. It is a large mechanized grain farm aided by the former Soviet government in the 1950s. To commemorate the friendship between China and the Soviet Union, it was named "State-owned Friendship Farm". Things have changed, and with the accelerating pace of our province’s agricultural "going out" to Russia, a "new friendship farm" which also witnessed Sino-Russian friendship and cooperation was born in Russia’s Primorsky Krai. The difference is that the builder of this farm is another management bureau of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau — — A group of people from Mudanjiang Administration are committed to developing export-oriented agriculture, and "let outsiders see the development level of our modern agriculture".

　　oneThe road to overseas cooperation is Chaoyang

　　The reporter learned from the Foreign Economic and Trade Office of the Provincial Agriculture Committee that our province is adjacent to the Russian Far East, with more than 2,800 kilometers of borders and 25 state-level ports, and has outstanding advantages in agricultural cooperation with Russia. Since our province implemented the strategic upgrade of economic, trade, scientific and technological cooperation with Russia in 2005, agricultural departments at all levels have implemented the strategy of "going abroad" in agriculture, actively organized enterprises and large-scale breeders to drive machinery and technology to go abroad, expanded the export of labor services to Russia, developed overseas agricultural investment cooperation, and established overseas grain production bases; In recent years, in accordance with the national "One Belt, One Road" development strategy, the overall deployment of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor construction and the requirements of the "Planning for the Construction of the Land-Sea Silk Road Economic Belt in the Province", the agricultural departments at all levels in our province, while focusing on grain production, insist on "changing the mode and adjusting the structure", make full use of the international and domestic markets and resources, further promote the "going out" of agriculture, accelerate the construction of agricultural products export bases, and solidly promote the construction of agricultural parks outside Russia. —

　　At present, the province’s agricultural development cooperation area outside Russia has gradually developed from the areas near the border crossings to the hinterland and surrounding areas of the Russian Far East, including 10 regions including the Amur region, the coastal border region, the Jewish Autonomous Prefecture, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk and Sakhalin. Cooperation in agricultural development outside Russia has expanded from planting vegetables in the past to planting major grain crops such as soybeans, corn, rice and wheat, and has extended from planting to animal husbandry, grain, feed processing, warehousing, logistics and transportation, and the construction of agricultural products wholesale markets. By the end of 2015, the total area of the province’s agricultural development cooperation with Russia has been expanding, equivalent to the cultivated land area of 3-4 medium-sized counties (cities) in the province; There are 80,000 live pigs, 2,000 beef cattle and 150,000 poultry.

　　Guo Shaoquan, deputy director of the Foreign Economic and Trade Department of the Provincial Agricultural Committee, said in an interview, "At present, our province’s agricultural development cooperation outside Russia has distinct characteristics. First, the scale of development continues to expand, second, the areas of cooperation continue to expand, third, the forms of cooperation are increasingly diverse, and fourth, the cooperation mechanism is becoming more and more perfect."

　　According to reports, there are currently 160 overseas agricultural business entities in our province, including 110 enterprises, accounting for 70% of the overseas investment entities in the province; 30 large farmers in rural areas, accounting for 18%; Farmers jointly operate 20, accounting for 12%. There are two main ways of cooperation between Chinese and Russian enterprises. First, the Chinese side leases Russian land, accounting for 80%, of which the longest land lease period is 49 years; Second, joint venture and cooperation, accounting for 20%. When Russian enterprises export land and Chinese enterprises export machinery, technology and labor services, they generally cooperate in the proportion of 60% for China and 40% for Russia, and some cooperate in the proportion of 50% for each.

　　2The mechanism is flexible and the world is wide

　　With the "going out" of agriculture, farmers who participate in overseas agricultural development have bulging pockets. In Dongning County, the largest county in our province for agricultural development cooperation with Russia, 15,000 laborers are exported every year, which drives farmers in the county to increase their income by more than 5,000 yuan. In recent years, the province has exported more than 30,000 labor services to Russia every year, with a per capita labor income of more than 30,000 yuan and an annual labor income of over 1 billion yuan. Not only are farmers rich, but also agricultural machinery export enterprises have won new business opportunities. According to statistics, the province exports more than 600 sets of agricultural machinery to Russia every year, and has exported more than 5,000 sets to Russia since 2005.

　　Behind the achievements is hard work. In order to encourage and support agriculture to go abroad, the provincial government has set up an organization and leading body, and improved the coordination meeting mechanism between Chinese and Russian governments. Every year, the leaders of the provincial government lead a team to visit and negotiate abroad, and regard agricultural cooperation with Russia as an important part of cooperation. At the same time, the Russian government is invited to come to our province to negotiate and coordinate and solve practical problems in agricultural cooperation. With the support of provincial finance, more than 40 million yuan has been invested since 2007 to support the construction of key agricultural development projects outside Russia, which has mobilized the enthusiasm of enterprises and farmers to go abroad. The Provincial Agriculture Committee has accumulated more than 80 million yuan from the special funds for the development of export-oriented agriculture to support the construction of vegetable export base projects, which are used to expand the scale of production bases and build infrastructure such as preservation, refrigeration and processing. In 2012, overseas development enterprises were organized to set up the "Agricultural Industry Association with Russia" to help enterprises organize coordination, self-discipline supervision, consulting services and so on.

　　At the same time as overseas development, there is also the construction of domestic export bases.

　　At present, the province has built five categories of agricultural products export bases, including fruits and vegetables, rice, miscellaneous grains and beans, special crops (white melons, sunflowers) and special products (blueberries, pine nuts, etc.), with an area of 3.6 million mu.

　　Guo Shaoquan said that through continuous promotion of development, the layout of vegetable export bases in our province to Russia has been continuously optimized, leading varieties have been initially formed, and vegetable professional cooperatives have developed rapidly. Mudanjiang City, which has a unique geographical advantage, has become one of the largest cities (places) in the province for exporting vegetables to Russia, with a base area of 150,000 mu, mainly distributed in Ning ‘an, Hailin, Muling and suburban areas. Relying on the quality advantage, the export base of onion in Meris District of Qiqihar has expanded to 50,000 mu, and has become a distribution center for onion export to Russia in the whole province and even in the four northeastern provinces. The province has initially formed export advantages such as potato, onion, tomato, cabbage, cucumber and colored pepper, which are suitable for local climate characteristics and Russian market demand, and have strong market competitiveness in the Russian Far East and hinterland. Farmers’ vegetable specialized cooperatives have been established in 80% vegetable export bases in the province, and a low-cost and efficient business model of "professional cooperatives+bases+filing" has been implemented.

　　threeEntrepreneurial newcomers break new paths

　　There are also a group of "new farmers" who sing the song of "new friendship", shuttling back and forth at home and abroad, getting to the negotiating table and farming in the fields, which is impressive.

　　When the reporter interviewed Ning Mingxu, the chairman of Heihe Beifeng Agricultural Science and Technology Service Co., Ltd. by telephone, he was attending the "Agricultural Going Out Policy and Regulation Learning Class" sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture in Beijing. He said: "Farming abroad is very different from farming at home. For example, it is your own business to prepare farming in China, just buy seed fertilizer and prepare machinery, while in Russia, you should not only prepare production necessities, but also take the purchased seeds, fertilizers and pesticides to the relevant departments for the record; All production management personnel and agricultural machinery operators must receive Russian training and apply for employment certificates before they can farm. " In this preparation season, Ning Mingxu and his employees are taking classes. He is studying laws and regulations at home and his employees are studying technology abroad.

　　Ning Mingxu is one of many outstanding people who take the lead in going out. After ten years of hard work and development, Heihe Beifeng Agricultural Science and Technology Service Co., Ltd. has developed into an agricultural comprehensive enterprise group with the largest agricultural planting scale, the largest breeding scale, the most complete service function and the whole industrial chain, and the largest import volume of agricultural juice. Domestic enterprises have been commended by the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Agriculture for many years. The agricultural overseas park project has been listed in the 13th Five-Year Plan of the State and the assessment catalogue of overseas parks under construction by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce. The Amur "Red Star" agricultural enterprises that have invested abroad have been commended and rewarded by the Amur state government of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture and the local "Romney" district government for many years.

　　The reporter learned from the Heihe Municipal Agriculture Committee that there are 14 enterprises specializing in agricultural cooperation with Russia, such as Beifeng, Yuangeng and Changyuan, which drive 657 overseas labor exports and generate labor income of more than 24 million yuan annually.

　　From the "new friendship" farm covering planting, breeding, grain and feed processing, warehousing, logistics and transportation, and the construction of agricultural products wholesale markets, to the Beifeng Sino-Russian cross-border agricultural complex, behind Ning Mingxu, there is an increasingly large team of new agricultural management entities who know how to manage the management meeting, and an increasingly full industrial chain of foreign agricultural cooperation that connects production with marketing — — The construction of processing, warehousing, logistics and transportation, and the wholesale market of agricultural products has not only made our province’s agriculture stride out, but also consolidated the export channels and infrastructure of agricultural products.

　　At present, the international market of agricultural products in the province has initially formed "three export trade circles": first, the agricultural products trade circles of neighboring countries dominated by Russia, Japan and South Korea; second, the agricultural products trade circles of European and American countries dominated by EU countries and the United States; and third, the agricultural products trade circles of Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern countries dominated by ASEAN, Middle Eastern countries and Hong Kong and Taiwan Province. Different trade circles have different trade characteristics and main varieties, for example, the main varieties exported to Russia, Japan and South Korea are fruits and vegetables, miscellaneous grains and beans, canned products, feed, etc. Agricultural products exported to Europe and America are mainly grain and oil products, miscellaneous grains and beans, blueberries, white melon seeds and pine nuts; Agricultural products exported to Southeast Asia and Middle East countries are mainly soybean products, miscellaneous grains and beans, special products and livestock products.

　　In 2015, driven by the import and export to Russia, the import and export trade of agricultural products in the province reached 3 billion US dollars. Among them, the export trade volume of agricultural products reached 1.24 billion US dollars, and the export countries and regions of agricultural products expanded to 130; Vegetables were exported to Russia by 222,000 tons. (Reporter Zhang Guiying)