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Titanium media February 23 news, according to the official website of the National Health and Wellness Committee, February 22 0— At 2400 hours, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported 648 new confirmed cases, 97 new deaths (96 in Hubei and 1 in Guangdong) and 882 new suspected cases.

On that day, 2230 new cases were cured and discharged, 22128 close contacts were released from medical observation, and 509 severe cases were reduced.

As of 24: 00 on February 22nd, according to the reports of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, there are 51,606 confirmed cases (including 10,968 severe cases), 22,888 discharged cases (1 case of Anhui nuclear reduction), 2,442 deaths, 76,936 confirmed cases and 4,148 suspected cases. A total of 628,517 close contacts were tracked, and 106,089 close contacts were still under medical observation.

There are 630 newly confirmed cases (541 cases in Wuhan), 1,742 newly cured and discharged cases (965 cases in Wuhan), 96 newly died cases (82 cases in Wuhan), and 46,439 confirmed cases (36,174 cases in Wuhan), including 10,428 severe cases (9,228 cases in Wuhan). A total of 15,299 discharged cases (8,171 cases in Wuhan) were cured, 2,346 cases died (1,856 cases in Wuhan) and 64,084 cases were confirmed (46,201 cases in Wuhan). There are 631 new suspected cases (454 cases in Wuhan) and 3363 suspected cases (2382 cases in Wuhan).

A total of 105 confirmed cases were received from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan: 69 cases in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (11 cases discharged and 2 cases died), 10 cases in Macao Special Administrative Region (6 cases discharged) and 26 cases in Taiwan Province (2 cases discharged and 1 case died).

The latest research:South China seafood market is not the origin of Covid-19, and it has been passed down from person to person in the middle and late November.

According to the official website of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden of China Academy of Sciences quoted by Zhongxin. com on February 23, the garden, in conjunction with South China Agricultural University and Beijing Brain Center, collected the genome data of 93 Covid-19 samples (as of February 12) shared globally in the GISAID EpiFluTM database covering 12 countries on four continents. Through the analysis of the whole genome data, it was found that novel coronavirus in Wuhan South China Seafood Market was imported from other places. The study also showed that there were two obvious population expansions in Covid-19 before February 12: one was on December 8, 2019, which suggested that the virus may have started interpersonal transmission in early December or even late November, and then accelerated in the seafood market in South China; Another population expansion occurred on January 6.

The prisons in Sichuan and Heilongjiang provinces entered the state of wartime management;Prevent the epidemic from spreading to the prison

On February 23, according to the news of the WeChat public account of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Justice, on February 22, in view of the next epidemic prevention and control work, the Department of Justice clearly requested that the prison drug rehabilitation centers in the province implement wartime management and wartime discipline, deeply understand the political and special nature of epidemic prevention in prisons, strictly guard against death, and make every effort to ensure the safety of personnel and a solid defense line. Resolutely put an end to the loopholes in the management of epidemic situation in prisons, and make every effort to prevent the epidemic from spreading to prisons.

According to the news, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Justice has attached great importance to the prevention and control of the epidemic, especially the prevention and control of the epidemic in the prison, quickly implemented the closed management of the prison, and implemented the "four unifications": all newly accepted criminals, drug addicts and those who have left the prison to visit relatives and return to prison are isolated, all those who enter the prison for drug rehabilitation are measured and wear masks, all those who are overheated or other suspected are prohibited from entering and disposed of according to regulations, and all vehicles and materials entering the prison are tested and disinfected;

At the same time, the implementation of the "six suspensions": suspending all foreigners from entering the supervision area, including the police on duty in the non-supervision area, suspending face-to-face meetings and visits, suspending the transfer of criminals to drug addicts, suspending interrogation, family education and warning education, and suspending the collective dining of prisoners and drug addicts; Suspend all large-scale activities in the prison.

The Paper noted that the 13th meeting of the provincial prison drug rehabilitation system epidemic prevention and control dispatching meeting and the prevention and control leading group organized by the Justice Department of Sichuan Province on February 21st emphasized that the surveillance videos of all prisons since January 22nd should be sealed immediately, and prisons and drug rehabilitation centers should be organized to carry out cross-inspection. Any problems found in the inspection will be dealt with seriously by relevant units and relevant responsible persons.

According to "Heilongjiang Daily", the reporter learned from the Justice Department of Heilongjiang Province that since the 22nd, the prison drug rehabilitation places in the province have entered a state of wartime management, and resolutely blocked the loopholes in epidemic prevention and control to ensure the goal of "zero input, zero infection and zero speculation".

Who rumors:There is no evidence that Covid-19 can be spread by mosquitoes.

Titanium media reported on February 23rd that the WHO said on February 22nd that there was no information or evidence that COVID-19 could be transmitted by mosquitoes.

Chen Yulu, deputy governor of the central bank:After the epidemic, economic growth will rebound rapidly.

On February 23, 2020, Chen Yulu, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, published a signed article in the Financial Times, analyzing and interpreting the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on China’s economy. The article points out that the COVID-19 epidemic has brought some negative impacts on the current economy of China, but the overall impact is short-term and limited. China’s economy has strong resilience and ample policy space, and the epidemic situation will not affect the fundamentals of long-term good and high-quality economic growth. At present, the government of China has taken strong measures to prevent and control the epidemic and achieved remarkable results. After the epidemic, the pent-up consumption and investment demand will be fully released, and economic growth will rebound rapidly.

Huangshi:14-day isolation observation for cured patients in COVID-19.

On February 23rd, the titanium media reported that Huangshi issued the Notice of novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters (No.34). The full text of the notice: In order to ensure the health and safety of discharged patients and their families cured in COVID-19, it was decided by the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters that from now on, after COVID-19 cured and discharged patients completed hospital treatment, they should go to the designated place for 14 days of free rehabilitation isolation and medical observation. Upon the expiration of the observation period, the physical condition meets the conditions and the isolation is lifted.

Zhong Nanshan:"Pay tribute to Heilongjiang’s report of seeking truth from facts (COVID-19) death"

Titanium Media reported on February 23rd that on the afternoon of 22nd, CCTV reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee that Yang Baofeng, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, called Academician Zhong Nanshan to express his gratitude on behalf of Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee and government for coordinating related enterprises to donate 50 hydrogen and oxygen atomizers. For the phenomenon that the mortality rate and severe disease rate of patients in COVID-19, Heilongjiang Province are relatively high, Zhong Nanshan said that it is "not surprising". "COVID-19’s threat to people with basic diseases is several times higher than that of normal people, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, etc. Heilongjiang is in a cold region, and the prevalence of lung diseases is high due to cold weather." "I pay tribute to Heilongjiang for faithfully and realistically reporting the death of (COVID-19)."

Zhejiang CDC clarified:There are four aspects of progress in vaccine research in Covid-19.

Titanium Media reported on February 23rd that Zhejiang CDC released the following authoritative information to CCTV on the evening of February 22nd: Zhejiang CDC, the First Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Medical College (Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences) and other enterprises cooperated in vaccine research and development, and carried out several technical research and development routes such as inactivated vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine and mRNA vaccine simultaneously, and made progress in the following research fields: 1. In the research and development of inactivated vaccine, the vaccine was initially developed and used. 2. In the research of recombinant protein vaccine, antibodies have been produced by the first batch of pre-experimental mice. 3. The research and development of mRNA vaccine has entered the stage of animal experiment. 4. In the research and development of recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine, the amplification and culture of recombinant virus have been started, and animal experiments will be carried out in the near future. Relevant persons also said that vaccine research is an extremely complicated scientific research process, and its formulation must be rigorous and scientific.

COVID-19, Hebei Province, the recovered people can get 6,000 yuan of humanitarian consolation money by donating plasma.

Titanium Media reported on February 23rd that a few days ago, the Red Cross Society of Hebei Province issued the "Implementation Plan on Doing a Good Job in Publicity and Mobilization of COVID-19 Rehabilitated Persons Donating Plasma for Free". The plan proposed that COVID-19 Rehabilitated Persons who donated plasma for free would enjoy the treatment of blood donors, and the China Red Cross Foundation, together with caring donors, would provide 3,000 yuan of humanitarian consolation money for each volunteer who donated plasma for rehabilitation in COVID-19. On this basis, the Red Cross Society in COVID-19, where the rehabilitation plasma donation volunteers are located, should also organize and carry out caring activities such as condolences and assistance to the donors according to local conditions, and provide them with another 3,000 yuan of humanitarian consolation money, which can be disbursed from the targeted or non-targeted funds donated by the society. At present, nine COVID-19 rehabilitation volunteers in Hebei Province have successfully donated plasma.

National Health Commission has taken over more than 3,000 beds in 14 shelter hospitals.

According to CCTV news, today (23rd) morning, Wang Jian, director of National Health Commission Medical Management Center, introduced the relevant situation of Fangcang Hospital: as of 24: 00 on 22nd, there were 16 Fangcang hospitals in operation in Wuhan, of which 14 were taken over by National Health Commission, and 12,165 beds were opened in 14 Fangcang hospitals, with 8,689 patients in the hospital, all of whom were diagnosed as mild patients, and the rest.

National Energy Administration:The adverse effects of the epidemic on coal production have been basically eliminated.

On February 23rd, Lu Junling, director of the Coal Department of the National Energy Administration, said that the adverse impact of the epidemic on coal production has been basically eliminated, and the recovery rate has reached the same level in previous years. As of February 22nd, the national coal production capacity was 3.17 billion tons, with a capacity recovery rate of 76.5%, and the daily output was 8.33 million tons. These three figures have nearly doubled since February 1st. Except Hubei province, all other coal-producing provinces have resumed production, among which six provinces and regions such as Hebei and Anhui have resumed production with a recovery rate of over 90%.

The third return charter arrived in Hong Kong successfully to pick up the China passengers on the cruise ship "Diamond Princess".

According to Xinhua News Agency, at about 1: 55 a.m. Beijing time on the 23rd, the third chartered plane carrying China passengers stranded on the Diamond Princess took off from Tokyo’s Haneda Airport. After several hours’ flight, we arrived at Hong Kong International Airport at around 6: 00 a.m., and the staff waiting here early in the morning helped the passengers board the bus that had been waiting for a long time. As of February 22nd, there were 634 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection among the passengers of "Diamond Princess", among which 68 were Hong Kong residents who were seeking medical treatment in local hospitals. Several members of the Hong Kong Immigration Department remain in Japan to continue to provide assistance to Hong Kong residents who are still receiving treatment there.

Xiantao police informed that "donated masks are missing":The suspect surrendered a refund.　

Titanium media reported on February 23 that "donating masks ‘ Gone ’ " After the incident, Xiantao City Public Security Bureau immediately set up a special class to investigate. On February 22nd, the Public Security Bureau of Xiantao City, Hubei Province reported that the suspect Zhang Moumou surrendered himself to the police on the same day and returned all the money. At present, the police have returned the full payment to Hangzhou Beibei Group, and the case is being further processed.

The managing director of the International Monetary Fund predicts that the epidemic may have limited impact on the global economy.

According to CCTV news, Georgieva, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, issued a statement at the G20 meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors held in Riyadh on the 22nd local time, stating that the China government is taking measures such as crisis management, liquidity supply, financial measures and financial support to alleviate the negative impact of the epidemic on the economy. The statement said that with the above policies and measures effectively preventing and controlling the epidemic, China’s economy will return to normal in the second quarter, and the global economy may be less affected in the future and the duration may be shorter. The statement also stressed that global cooperation is essential to curb the epidemic and its economic impact, and the International Monetary Fund is ready to provide debt relief to its "poorest and most vulnerable member countries" through the Disaster Control and Mitigation Trust.

Wuhan reported five typical cases of violating epidemic prevention and control discipline, and many party member cadres were held accountable.

On February 23rd, the Supervision Committee of the Wuhan Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection reported five typical cases of violating the discipline of epidemic prevention and control on the evening of 22nd. Many party member cadres were held accountable for failing to take responsibility, doing nothing, acting in disorder, deceiving organizations, and disobeying others. During the recent supervision and inspection, the discipline inspection and supervision organs in Wuhan found five typical cases that violated the epidemic prevention and control discipline, such as the inadequate implementation of the party member cadre sinking community system by Wuhan Transportation Bureau, the fact that Ma Heng, a student hired by Hongshan District Government Office, left Han privately, the fact that party member, a cadre of sinking community of Wuhan liangzi lake Fisheries Group, did not obey the work arrangement, the community closure of Yucheng Street in Xinzhou District was not strict, and the village and bay closure of Bridge Community in East Lake Scenic Area was a mere formality.

Wuhan Charity Federation:We have received 3.881 billion yuan from all walks of life.

According to Changjiang Daily, as of February 20th, the Wuhan Charity Federation had received a donation of 3,881,307.1 million yuan. 3.708 billion yuan has been announced for use, of which 3.492 billion yuan is non-directional and 216 million yuan is directional, and 95.53% has been used. The details and usage of each social charity donation can be found on the official website of Wuhan Charity Federation, and the subsequent use of social donations will be announced one after another. The Wuhan Charity Federation said that it will openly and transparently use social donations in accordance with the law and procedures, and welcome supervision from all walks of life.

The People’s Government of Shandong Province decided to appoint Leo as the director of Shandong Prison Administration.

On February 23rd, the People’s Government of Shandong Province decided to appoint Leo as the director of Shandong Prison Administration. Appointment: Wang Wei is the deputy director of Shandong Grain and Material Reserve Bureau. Appointment: Yan Dong is the deputy director of Shandong Oceanic Administration. Appointment: Hu Weizheng is the deputy director of Shandong Provincial Organs Administration Bureau. Appointment: Yu Jian is the chairman of Shandong Performing Arts Group Co., Ltd. Exempted: Guo Jinming was the chairman of Shandong Institute of Industry and Information Technology.

The first reusable mask in China came out, with the filter reaching N95 level and can be used for 20 times.

Titanium Media reported on February 23rd that according to Dragon TV, a company in Shanghai developed the first domestic protective mask that can be recycled, disinfected for many times, and has reached the filtration level of N95. Now it has been put into mass production, and it can be recycled for 20 times if it is worn normally.

An employee of Samsung Korea Company diagnosed COVID-19, and the mobile phone factory was temporarily closed.

According to Yonhap News Agency, Samsung Electronics said that an employee of its smartphone factory in Gumi, a city in the southeast of South Korea, tested positive for novel coronavirus. Subsequently, Samsung Electronics temporarily closed the factory.

Samsung said that employees who have been in contact with patients with the virus have isolated themselves to prevent the spread of coronavirus. The company plans to finish the disinfection work of this factory before Sunday and resume the operation of the factory on Monday. A Samsung official said that the temporary suspension of production is unlikely to affect the production of smartphones.

Two weeks after the resumption of work, many enterprises, such as Shenzhen CR Vanguard, exploded with confirmed cases, and over 600 people were isolated.

Titanium Media reported on February 23rd that according to incomplete statistics, there have been 14 cluster epidemics after the resumption of work, including Shenzhen CR Vanguard, Pangang Chongqing Titanium Company and Yanshan Ginza. A total of 17 people were diagnosed, 18 people were infected and over 600 people were isolated.　

Dangdang employee infection details announced:Cluster cases in the family, 82 people were observed in isolation.

On February 23rd, Pang Xinghuo, deputy director of Beijing CDC, introduced the details of Dangdang employees infected with COVID-19 at today’s press conference. The medical record should be considered as a cluster case in the family at first, and 82 close contacts have been concentrated and isolated for observation. The details are as follows:

Patient Li, female, is an employee of Dangdang, whose household registration is in Heilongjiang Province, and now lives in a residential area in Tongzhou District. Patient Li and his mother Gu Moumou and other family members returned to Heilongjiang from Beijing on January 21 and returned to Beijing by train on February 5. From February 10 to 13, patient Li took the bus to work in the company. On February 13, he developed symptoms of sore throat and diarrhea. On February 14, he did not go out at home. From February 14 to 17, he still had sore throat, did not take medicine and did not see a doctor. On February 15th, after his mother, Gu Moumou, was diagnosed as COVID-19, the patient Li was identified as a close contact, because he was in lactation, and his son was under medical observation in isolation at home.

During the isolation observation at home at 13: 00 on February 18th, patient Li developed fever, and his self-measured temperature was 39℃. He was transferred from 120 to the fever clinic of Beijing Friendship Hospital (Tongzhou Campus) affiliated to Capital Medical University, and was diagnosed on February 19th.

There are many cases of COVID-19 reported around the residential area in Heilongjiang Province. His mother Gu Moumou also became ill on January 30th, and was diagnosed on February 15th. According to epidemiological analysis, considering that both his mother and his sister (in other places) are confirmed cases, his brother is positive for nucleic acid test, and four people have a common life history, this case should be considered as a clustered case in the family at first.

All performances of the National Grand Theatre in March were cancelled.

On February 23rd, official website, the National Grand Theatre, announced that it would cancel the performances and related activities from March 1st to March 31st, and suspend its visit. The reopening time will be announced separately according to the actual situation. Visitors who have purchased tickets can apply for refund at the original ticket purchasing channel and place from now until June 30, 2020.

Ministry of Transport:On February 22, the number of railway passengers increased by 10.9% from the previous month.

According to the Ministry of Transport, on February 22, the national railways, roads, waterways and civil aviation sent a total of 14.3291 million passengers, an increase of 3.31% from the 21st. Among them, the railway sent 1.343 million passengers, an increase of 10.9% from the previous month and a decrease of 82.8% from the same period last year. The national expressway network traffic volume was 15,828,000 vehicles, up 4.16% from the previous month and down 36.73% year-on-year.

Anhui issued a notice!Open all high-speed entrances and exits and cancel quarantine stations.

On February 23rd, according to the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the Anhui Government on Forwarding the Implementation Opinions of the Provincial Public Security Department and Other Departments on Restoring Normal Traffic Order and Ensuring Smooth Road Traffic, the Traffic Police Corps of the Anhui Provincial Public Security Department issued a notice: Before the 24th, the province’s highway quarantine stations should be cancelled, all closed highway entrances and exits must be opened, and the interrupted rural roads and other roads should be restored; If it is really necessary to set up a highway quarantine station, it should be reported to the provincial government for approval before 23 days.

Internet companies returned to work in batches, and Tencent delayed returning to the office again until the 26th.

Titanium media reported on February 23 that Tencent announced on February 22 that it would delay working at home, and decided to go back to work at a wrong peak, delaying working at home until February 25 and returning to work on February 26.

It is understood that Sohu was scheduled to resume work on February 17, and now it is temporarily delayed until March 2 to return to work; Netease was originally scheduled to resume work on February 17, and now it will resume work on February 24; Alibaba opened the park on February 17, but only those who passed the screening and approval can enter. Different departments have different requirements and arrange to go back one after another. Baidu has adopted the method of restoring the office in the park in batches and in an orderly manner, and plans to gradually restore the normal office order in a few weeks.

Beijing Emergency Management Bureau:The per capita office space of the enterprise is not less than 2.5m2.

On February 23rd, Titanium Media learned from Beijing Emergency Management Bureau that industrial enterprises should achieve the "four ones" in prevention and control, that is, the main person in charge of the enterprise should set up an epidemic prevention responsibility institution, formulate a set of epidemic prevention work plan, establish a set of epidemic emergency plan, and clarify a set of epidemic reporting system, with responsibilities in place and division of labor to people. Enterprises should implement flexible working systems such as off-peak commuting, conduct more online office work and video conferences, try to open commuter buses for employees, encourage employees to commute by car, walk and ride bicycles, reduce commuting by public transport and reduce the risk of infection on the way. Reduce the density of staff accommodation and office, with the occupied area of each person not less than 2.5m2, set up an isolated observation area, stop using places where unnecessary people are crowded, such as gyms, and try to avoid taking the van elevator. If you need to take it, control the flow of people by 50% of the nuclear passengers.

Shaanxi’s first charter flight to resume work left Xi ‘an for Zhejiang on the 23rd.

According to CCTV news, at 6: 20 a.m. on February 23, China Eastern Airlines MU9621 took off from Xi ‘an to Yiwu, Zhejiang Province with 51 migrant workers, which was also the first charter flight from Shaanxi during the epidemic. The flight is expected to arrive at Yiwu Airport in Zhejiang at 8: 35. The 51 people on the flight (47 from Shaanxi and 4 from Gansu) are from Zhejiang Jinyidong Rail Transit Project Department of China Railway Seventh Bureau and Third Company. Their final destination is Dongyang, Zhejiang, where they will carry out the "Jinhua-Yiwu-Dongyang" intercity railway construction. The local government in Dongyang has opened a green channel for the project to rework and resume production. After 51 project builders fly to Yiwu, they will be directly transported to the project department by bus.

Nearly 5,000 brand convenience store chains in Beijing have basically resumed normal operations.

According to People’s Daily Online, the reporter learned from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce that up to now, nearly 5,000 brand convenience stores in Beijing have basically resumed normal operations. As the nearest commercial retail format to community residents, Beijing chain convenience store enterprises have responded positively since the outbreak of COVID-19, insisting on "three noes and one excellent", that is, not closing down, constantly supplying, not raising prices, optimizing services, continuing to be "good neighbors" of community residents, and making every effort to protect the lives of citizens in the capital.

The cash reward for new employees of Zhengzhou Foxconn is 7,000 yuan.

On February 23rd, Titanium Media reported that in order to increase the intensity of returning to work, Zhengzhou Foxconn increased the reward, and new employees can get 7,000 yuan after meeting the relevant conditions. Specifically, the first payment requirement is to pay 3,000 yuan after punching in for 35 days and working for more than 60 days, and the remaining 4,000 yuan will be paid after punching in for 55 days and working for more than 90 days. Previously, Zhengzhou Foxconn has launched the return of staff-level employees (excluding sunshine workshops) in Zhengzhou for iDPBG, with a reward of 3,000 yuan per person.

(This article is the first titanium media App, written by Wang Wei)

▼Summary of more epidemic policies of titanium media before▼

Five professors from China University of Science and Technology have passed away; Summary of Anti-epidemic Policies in Covid-19 or Like Influenza for a Long Time (February 20)

Gao Fu responded to the controversy: you can’t go to the Internet to quarrel; Zhong Nanshan said that Wuhan has not stopped human-to-human transmission. Summary of anti-epidemic policies (February 19)

Liu Zhiming, president of Wuchang Hospital, died; Zhong Nanshan’s further discussion on the summary of anti-epidemic policies that will reach the peak in late February (February 18)

New research says Covid-19 can attack testicles and kidneys; Summary of infection cases and anti-epidemic policies in enterprises that have resumed work in many places (February 17)

Wudu Institute responded to the rumor of "patient zero"; Summary of Duan Zhengcheng’s Anti-epidemic Policy after COVID-19’s Death (February 16th)

The Ministry of Science and Technology requires strengthening the management of virus laboratories; Summary of anti-epidemic policies against public transport such as cough or fever (February 15)

*The whole country has entered a state of emergency epidemic prevention in novel coronavirus, and everyone should pay attention to washing hands frequently, ventilation and less gathering.For more epidemic prevention information and popular science, you can pay attention.Special topic of titanium media direct attack, downloadTitanium media App24-hour real-time update of global hotspots.

1. What is a rural homestead?

Rural homestead is the collective construction land used by rural villagers to build houses and ancillary facilities, including houses, ancillary houses and courtyards, excluding agricultural productive land connected with the homestead and land occupied by farmers beyond the homestead, such as Kugaji.

2. What kind of rural homestead belongs to in land classification?

According to different classification standards, the methods of land classification are different.

According to the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Land Management Law), according to the nature of land ownership, land is divided into state-owned land and land collectively owned by farmers, among which homestead belongs to farmers collectively. According to the classification of land use, land is divided into three categories: agricultural land, construction land and unused land. Among them, construction land refers to the land for building buildings and structures, including urban and rural residential and public facilities, industrial and mining land, transportation and water conservancy facilities, tourism land and military facilities. Therefore, in terms of land nature and use, rural homestead belongs to collective construction land.

According to the classification of land use status issued in 2017 (GB/T
21010-2017), the land is further divided into 12 categories, such as cultivated land, industrial and mining storage land, residential land, public management and public service land, transportation land and other land. Among them, the rural homestead belongs to residential land, and the rural road area belongs to transportation land.

3. Who owns the rural homestead?

Rural homestead belongs to the collective members.

Article 10 of the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that the land in rural areas and suburban areas belongs to the collective unless it is owned by the state according to the law; Homestead, private plots and private hills are also collectively owned.

Article 59 of the Property Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Property Law) stipulates that the real estate and chattels owned by rural collectives belong to the collective members.

4. Which subjects can collectively exercise the ownership of homestead on behalf of farmers?

Article 60 of the Property Law stipulates that if the collectively owned land belongs to the village farmers, the village collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective; Belonging to two or more farmers collectively in the village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups in the village collectively exercise ownership; Belonging to the collective ownership of township farmers, the township collective economic organizations shall exercise ownership on behalf of the collective.

The former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work, the Ministry of Finance and the former Ministry of Agriculture "Several Opinions on the Registration and Certification of Rural Collective Land Confirmation" (No.178 [2011] of the Ministry of Land and Resources) stipulates in the "Defining the Subject Representative of Rural Collective Land Ownership according to Law" that if it belongs to the collective ownership of village farmers, the village collective economic organization or villagers’ committee shall exercise the ownership entrusted by the collective members of the farmers; Belonging to two or more farmers collectively in the village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups in the village collectively exercise ownership; Belonging to the collective ownership of township farmers, the township collective economic organizations shall exercise ownership on behalf of the collective; There is no township (town) peasant collective economic organization, and the township (town) collective land ownership is managed by the township (town) government. In the process of land ownership registration, the representative of the farmers’ collective ownership shall apply for it. The specific requirements and forms of collective economic organizations can be determined by provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) according to local relevant regulations and actual conditions.

In December 2016, the Opinions on Steadily Promoting the Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System (Zhongfa [2016] No.37) issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council stipulated that rural collective economic organizations should collectively exercise the ownership of rural collective assets according to law. If no collective economic organizations are established, the villagers’ committees and villagers’ groups should collectively exercise the ownership respectively.

To sum up, the subjects who can exercise the ownership of homestead on behalf of the collective include four categories, namely, collective economic organizations (towns, villages and villages), villagers’ committees, villagers’ groups and township (town) governments (escrow).

5. What is "one household, one house"?

A rural villager can only own one homestead, and the area of his homestead shall not exceed the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. In areas where the per capita land is small and it is impossible to ensure that one household has a homestead, the people’s government at the county level can take measures to ensure that rural villagers can live in homes according to the standards stipulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government on the basis of fully respecting the wishes of rural villagers.

6. What are the basic characteristics of China’s current rural homestead system?

Homestead system is an important part of China’s characteristic land system, and its core is to safeguard the collective ownership of rural land and protect farmers’ basic living rights. Since the founding of New China, the institutional framework of rural residential land in China has basically taken shape through evolution. Its basic characteristics are: collective ownership, members’ use, one household and one house, limited area, free acquisition, long-term possession, planning control and internal circulation. This institutional arrangement has played an extremely important role in ensuring that rural households have homes and people do not lose their places, and has promoted rural economic development and social stability.

7. What are the basic contents of the current rural homestead property right system?

The basic content of the current homestead property right system is that farmers collectively own the homestead ownership, members of rural collective economic organizations have the right to use the homestead, and eligible farmers have the qualification to allocate the homestead.

8. What is the difference between a farm house and a commercial house?

Farmhouses are houses for villagers to live in rural areas, and the main differences from commercial houses are:

First, the nature of land is different: rural housing construction occupies collectively owned land, while commercial housing occupies state-owned construction land.

Second, the acquisition methods are different: only eligible members of rural collective economic organizations are allowed to apply for homestead construction for rural houses, while commercial houses are developed and constructed by enterprises with real estate development qualifications.

Third, the land use years are different: the current laws and policies do not specify the term of the right to use rural homesteads; The land use period of commercial housing land is generally 70 years. If the land use right expires, it will be automatically renewed.

Fourth, the trading conditions are different: rural houses can only be traded to members who meet the qualification of homestead distribution after approval within the village collective economic organizations, and cannot be mortgaged; Commercial housing can be sold, leased and mortgaged in the market, and the transaction is free.

9. At present, what are the main laws and policies of the country on rural residential land?

At present, the state has no special laws and regulations on the management of rural homestead, and the relevant laws and regulations include the Constitution, the Land Administration Law, the Property Law, the Guarantee Law, the Urban and Rural Planning Law, and the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate.

The State Council of the CPC Central Committee issued a series of policy documents, the main ones are: No.1 document of the Central Committee, the State Council’s request for instructions on strengthening the management of rural residential land issued by the State Bureau of Land Management (Guo Fa [1990] No.4), and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the State Council’s notice on further strengthening land management and effectively protecting cultivated land (Zhong Fa [1997] No.11). Notice of General Office of the State Council on Strengthening Land Transfer Management and Prohibiting Land Speculation (No.39 [1999] of Guo Ban Fa), Decision of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management (No.28 [2004] of Guo Fa), Notice of the State Council on Promoting Economical and Intensive Land Use (No.3 [2008] of Guo Fa), Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead.

A series of departmental rules and normative documents issued by relevant administrative departments in the State Council, For example, Notice of the State Bureau of Land Management on Printing and Distributing Several Provisions on Determining Land Ownership and Use Right ([1995] Guo Tu Zi No.26), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Printing and Distributing Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2004] No.234), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Improving the Management System of Rural Homestead and Effectively Safeguarding Farmers’ Rights and Interests (. Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Administration on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of the Right to Use Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2014] No.101), Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2016] No.191), Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Management of Rural Homestead (No.6 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs).

All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have formulated local laws, regulations and management documents in accordance with the requirements of laws and the central authorities and based on local conditions, which together constitute the current legal and policy system for rural residential land.

10. What development and evolution has the rural homestead system undergone?

The evolution of rural homestead system since the founding of New China is marked by reform and opening up, the promulgation of property law and the revision of land management law, which can be divided into four stages.

The first stage was from 1949 to 1978, when collective ownership was gradually established. The 1954 Constitution stipulated the ownership of farmers’ homestead. In 1962, the draft amendment to the working regulations of rural people’s communes (namely, "Article 60 of the People’s Commune") stipulated that the homestead was owned by the production team and was not allowed to be rented or bought or sold.

The second stage is from 1978 to 2007, the stage of strict management of homestead. In February, 1982, the State Council issued "Regulations on the Management of Land for Building in Villages and Towns", which put forward the requirement of homestead quota and stipulated the legality of obtaining homestead for specific urban residents. In April 1997, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on Further Strengthening Land Management and Effectively Protecting Cultivated Land, and put forward the requirement of "one household, one house" in the form of a central document for the first time. The land management law revised in 1998 deleted the provisions of the 1986 land management law on the use of collective land by urban non-agricultural registered permanent residence residents to build houses; It stipulates "one household, one house and limited area", that is, "a rural villager can only own one homestead, and the area of its homestead shall not exceed the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government". In May 1999, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Land Transfer and Prohibiting Land Speculation, which prohibited urban residents from purchasing homesteads in rural areas for the first time.

The third stage is from 2007 to 2018, the stage of reform, empowerment and capacity expansion. The Property Law promulgated in March 2007 made it clear that the right to use homestead is usufructuary right. In December 2014, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market and the Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform, and deployed and carried out the pilot reform of rural homestead system. In 2018, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to explore the "separation of three powers" of the ownership, qualification and use right of the homestead, which marked a new stage of the reform and exploration of the homestead system.

The fourth stage is the standardized management stage of homestead since 2019. In August 2019, the 12th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee made the third amendment to the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China. In the newly revised land management law, the homestead distribution system of one household, one house and one home is defined, and the village planning system of making overall and reasonable arrangements for homestead land is defined; It is clear that the homestead is approved by the township (town) people’s government, and it can be voluntarily withdrawn with compensation according to law, encouraging the active use of idle homesteads and idle houses, and the new homestead management system in which the agricultural and rural authorities in the State Council are responsible for the reform and management of rural homesteads nationwide. The newly revised land management law marks that the management of rural residential land in China has entered a new era of standardized management, from management institutions and system design to policy guidance, supervision and inspection.

11. What do the three system reforms of rural land mean?

The reform of three systems of rural land refers to the rural land expropriation, the entry of collective construction land into the market and the pilot reform of homestead system.

In December 2014, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Rural Land Expropriation, Entry of Collective Construction Land into the Market, and Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform (No.71 [2014] of the Central Office), and deployed the pilot work of three rural land system reforms throughout the country. The main objectives of the reform are: to improve the rural land expropriation system with standardized procedures, reasonable compensation and multiple guarantees, the rural collective management construction land entry system with the same rights and prices, smooth circulation and revenue sharing, and the rural homestead system with fair acquisition, economical and intensive use and voluntary and paid withdrawal according to law. Explore the formation of replicable and scalable reform results, and provide support for scientific legislation and revision and improvement of relevant laws and regulations.

In February 2015, the 13th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and passed the Decision on Authorizing the State Council to Temporarily Adjust and Implement Relevant Legal Provisions in the Administrative Regions of 33 Pilot Counties (cities, districts) including Daxing District, Beijing, authorized the suspension of the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the pilot areas, and started the pilot work of three rural land systems reform, with a total of 33 pilot counties in China.

List of 33 pilot counties (cities, districts): Daxing District of Beijing, Jixian County of Tianjin, Dingzhou City of Hebei Province, Zezhou County of Shanxi Province, Helinger County of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Haicheng City of Liaoning Province, Jiutai District of Changchun City of Jilin Province, Anda City of Heilongjiang Province, Songjiang District of Shanghai, Wujin District of Changzhou City of Jiangsu Province, Yiwu City of Zhejiang Province, Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, Jinzhai County of Anhui Province, Jinjiang City of Fujian Province. Yicheng City in Hubei Province, Liuyang City in Hunan Province, Nanhai District in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Beiliu City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wenchang City in Hainan Province, Dazu District in Chongqing City, Pixian County in Sichuan Province, Luxian County in Sichuan Province, Meitan County in Guizhou Province, Dali City in Yunnan Province, Qushui County in Xizang Autonomous Region Province, Gaoling District in Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province, Longxi County in Gansu Province, Huangyuan County in Qinghai Province, Pingluo County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Yining City in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

12. How about the pilot reform of rural homestead system?

In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which clarified the objectives and tasks of rural homestead system reform. The main contents are: safeguarding farmers’ homestead usufructuary rights, reforming and improving rural homestead system, selecting several pilot projects, prudently and steadily promoting the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ housing property rights, and exploring channels for farmers to increase property income; Establish rural property rights transfer trading market, and promote the open, fair and standardized operation of rural property rights transfer transactions.

According to the Opinions of General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market, and the Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform, the main contents of reforming and perfecting the rural homestead system are "two explorations and two improvements", namely, improving the way to protect and obtain the rights and interests of the homestead, exploring the paid use system of the homestead, exploring the voluntary paid withdrawal mechanism of the homestead, and improving the management system of the homestead. In 2019, the mature experience gained from the pilot reform of rural homestead system was reflected in the newly revised land management law. However, some deep-seated contradictions and problems in the homestead system still exist because of the short time, insufficient content and small coverage of the pilot project and insufficient reform and exploration.

In 2019, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "steadily and cautiously promoting the reform of rural homestead system, expanding the reform pilot, enriching the pilot content and improving the system design." In 2020, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "further deepening the pilot reform of rural homestead system with the focus on exploring the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead." In accordance with the requirements of the central government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs took the lead in formulating a new round of pilot program for the reform of the rural homestead system, which will be deployed after being approved by the central government.

13. What is the rural "two rights" mortgage pilot?

The rural "two rights" mortgage pilot project refers to the pilot work of rural contracted land (referring to cultivated land) management rights and farmers’ housing property rights mortgage loans.

In order to further deepen rural financial reform and innovation, increase financial support for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", guide the orderly circulation of rural land management rights, and prudently and steadily promote the pilot of mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ housing property rights, in August 2015, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Piloting the Management Rights of Rural Contracted Land and Mortgage Loans for Farmers’ Housing Property Rights (Guo Fa [2015] No.45), and deployed the management rights of rural contracted land (referring to cultivated land).

In December 2015, the 18th session of the 12th the NPC Standing Committee passed the Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on authorizing the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement relevant laws and regulations in the administrative regions of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing and 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County in Tianjin, and authorized the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the administrative regions of 232 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Daxing District in Beijing. In the administrative areas of 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Jixian County, Tianjin, the provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Property Law and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Guarantee Law that the right to use collectively-owned homesteads shall not be mortgaged were temporarily adjusted and implemented.

List of 59 pilot counties (cities, districts) for mortgage loans of farmers’ housing property rights: Jixian County, Tianjin; Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province; Helinger County, Wulanhaote City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Tieling County, kaiyuan city City, Liaoning Province; Jiutai District, Changchun City, Jilin Province; Lindian County, founder county and Dorbert Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province; Wujin District, Yizheng City, Sihong County, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Yueqing City, qingtian county City, Zhejiang Province. Jinzhai County in Anhui Province, Xuanzhou District in Xuancheng City, Jinjiang City, Gutian County, Shanghang County and shishi city City in Fujian Province, yujiang county County, Huichang County and Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province, Feicheng City, Tengzhou City and Wenshang County in Shandong Province, hua county and lankao county in Henan Province and Hubei Province.yicheng city
Jiangxia District of Wuhan City, Liuyang City, leiyang city City and Mayang Miao Autonomous County of Hunan Province, Wuhua County and Lianzhou City of Guangdong Province, Tianyang County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Wenchang City and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County of Hainan Province, jiangjin district, Kaixian County and Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County of Chongqing City, Pengshan District of Luxian County, Pixian County and Meishan City of Sichuan Province, Jinsha County and Meitan County of Guizhou Province and Dali City of Yunnan Province.

14. What does the "separation of powers" of homestead mean?

In 2018, the No.1 document of the Central Committee, Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy, proposed in the "Deepening the Reform of Rural Land System" to explore the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homesteads, implement collective ownership of homesteads, guarantee farmers’ qualification rights and farmers’ housing financial rights, and moderately liberalize homesteads and farmers’ housing use rights.

In 2020, Document No.1 of the Central Committee called for "further deepening the pilot reform of rural homestead system with the focus on exploring the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead." According to the requirements of the central government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will take the lead in organizing pilot projects, expand the scope of the pilot projects, enrich the pilot contents, improve the system design, explore ways to improve the system of homestead distribution, circulation, mortgage, withdrawal, use, income, approval and supervision around the "separation of ownership, qualification and use rights", and summarize a number of institutional innovations that can be replicated, promoted, benefit people’s livelihood and benefit the law.

Part II Acquisition of Homestead

15. Under what circumstances can rural villagers apply for homestead?

According to the land management law, combined with the relevant provisions of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) on the management of homestead, rural villagers may apply for homestead on a household basis in any of the following circumstances:

(1) No homestead;

(2) the existing homestead is lower than the household standard because of the children’s marriage and other reasons;

(3) the current housing affects the township (town) village construction planning and needs to be relocated and rebuilt;

(4) in line with the policy, the village collective organization has moved into the village and settled as a full member, and there is no homestead in the country of origin;

(5) Relocation due to natural disasters or avoiding geological disasters.

Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) have other provisions on the conditions for farmers to apply for homestead, and should also meet other conditions. 16. Who is the subject of rural homestead approval?

Article 62 of the Land Management Law stipulates that rural villagers’ residential land shall be examined and approved by the township (town) people’s government; Among them, those involving the occupation of agricultural land shall go through the examination and approval procedures in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of this Law. Article 44 stipulates that if the land occupied by construction involves the conversion of agricultural land into construction land, the examination and approval procedures for the conversion of agricultural land shall be handled.

In order to improve the examination and approval mechanism of rural residential land, the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Management of Rural Residential Land (Nongjingfa [2019] No.6) clearly stipulates that township governments should explore the establishment of a joint examination and joint office system for rural residential land construction with external acceptance and multi-departmental internal linkage operation, so as to facilitate farmers’ work. According to the results of the joint examination of agriculture, rural areas, natural resources and other departments, the township government will examine and approve the application for farmers’ homestead, and issue the Approval Letter for Rural Homestead, encouraging local governments to issue rural construction planning permits together with towns and villages, and make them public in an appropriate way. 17. What is the approval procedure for rural homestead application?

The allocation of rural homestead shall be implemented by farmers’ application, village group audit and township approval. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing the Management of Rural Homestead Approval (Nongjingfa [2019] No.6), the process of applying for homestead approval includes the application of farmers, the discussion and publicity by villagers’ groups, the material review by village-level organizations, the review by township departments, the examination and approval by township governments, and the issuance of letters of approval for homesteads. The specific process is shown in the figure below. If there are no separate villagers’ groups or the application for homestead and building has been handled by village-level organizations, farmers will apply directly to the village-level organizations, which will be discussed and approved by the villagers’ representative meeting and publicized within the scope of the collective economic organization, and then submitted to the township government for approval.

Approval process of rural villagers’ homestead application

18. Can farmers use agricultural land for building houses?

Farmers can use agricultural land when building houses in line with the planning conditions, but they must go through the formalities of agricultural land conversion in advance according to law. Where agricultural land is converted into construction land, in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of the Land Management Law, agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland is converted into construction land for the implementation of the plan within the scope of construction land for cities, villages and market towns determined in the overall land use plan, and it shall be approved by the organ that originally approved the overall land use plan or its authorized organ in batches according to the annual land use plan; Within the approved scope of agricultural land conversion, it can be specifically approved by the people’s government of the city or county. The conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land beyond the scope of construction land in cities, villages and market towns determined in the overall land use planning shall be approved by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government authorized by the State Council or the State Council. Permanent basic farmland to construction land, approved by the State Council.

On March 12, 2020, the State Council issued the Decision on the Authorization and Entrustment of Land Use Approval Authority (Guo Fa [2020] No.4), which on the one hand authorized the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland that the State Council can authorize into construction land. In accordance with the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 44 of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council authorizes the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land in batches within the scale of construction land in the State Council. According to the fourth paragraph of Article 44 of the Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council authorizes the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland into construction land beyond the scope of construction land in cities, villages and market towns determined by the overall land use planning. On the other hand, the conversion of permanent basic farmland into construction land and the approval of land expropriation in the State Council are entrusted to the people’s governments of some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval. The first batch of pilot provinces are Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong and Chongqing, and the pilot period is one year. 19. After transferring the homestead, can farmers apply for the homestead again?

According to the provisions of Article 62 of the Land Management Law, rural villagers who sell, lease or donate their houses and then apply for homestead shall not be approved.

20. What is the nature of the right to use rural homestead?

The right to use the homestead is a usufructuary right. Chapter XIII of Part III of the Property Law "usufructuary right" is devoted to regulating the right to use homestead, among which Article 152 stipulates that "the owner of homestead right has the right to possess and use collectively owned land according to law, and has the right to use the land to build houses and ancillary facilities according to law".

21. Can farmers who settle in cities continue to retain the right to use their homesteads?

Farmers who settle in cities can retain their legally acquired right to use the homestead according to law.

According to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Adhering to Priority Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Doing a Good Job in" Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers "(Zhongfa [2019] No.1)," Insist on safeguarding farmers’ land rights and interests, and do not take withdrawing contracted land and homestead as the condition for farmers to settle in cities ",farmers who settle in cities cannot be forced to give up their legally obtained right to use homestead. Prior to this, the Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Further Accelerating the Registration and Certification of Homestead and Collective Construction Land (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2016] No.191) stipulated that "after farmers settle in the city, their legally acquired homestead use rights should be registered." 22. Can rural homesteads and farmhouses be inherited?

Rural homestead cannot be inherited, and rural houses can be inherited according to law.

Rural homestead ownership, homestead use right and house ownership are separated, homestead ownership belongs to farmers’ collective, and homestead use right and house ownership belong to farmers. The right to use the homestead takes the household as the unit and enjoys the right to occupy and use the homestead according to law. In the case of the death of a member in the house and the existence of farmers, the problem of homestead inheritance does not occur. When farmers die, the subject of rights no longer exists and the right to use the homestead is lost. At the same time, according to the relevant provisions of the inheritance law, the house of the decedent is inherited by the heir as his inheritance. Because the premises can’t be separated, the heirs can use the homestead according to law after inheriting the house and obtaining the ownership of the house, but they don’t obtain the usufructuary right to use the homestead.

23. What is the "integrated real estate" title deed?

The property right certificate of "integration of real estate and premises" is the proof of the ownership of real right. According to the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Real Estate, and the Code of Practice for the Registration of Real Estate (for Trial Implementation), the rural homestead, collective construction land and the buildings and structures on it will be uniformly issued after unified ownership investigation and ownership registration.
Certificate of immovable property right of "integration of real estate and premises" 24. What materials do I need to submit for the "property-integrated" property right certificate?

To apply for the first registration of the right to use the homestead and the ownership of the house, the following materials shall be submitted according to different situations: (1) the applicant’s ID card and household registration book; (two) the ownership certificate of real estate or the document of the people’s government that has the right to approve the land use and other ownership source materials; (3) Relevant materials that the house conforms to the planning or construction; (four) the title questionnaire, land map, house plan and land boundary point coordinates and other materials related to the boundary and area of real estate; (5) Other necessary materials.

Where the right to use the homestead and the ownership of the house have been transferred due to inheritance according to law, division of property, exchange of houses within collective economic organizations, etc., the applicant shall submit the following materials according to different circumstances: (1) Certificate of ownership of real estate or other sources of ownership; (2) Materials inherited according to law; (3) agreements or materials on the division of property: (4) agreements on the exchange of houses within collective economic organizations; (5) Other necessary materials. 25. How to confirm the registration of the historical excessive occupation of homestead?

According to the former Ministry of Land and Resources, the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work, the Ministry of Finance and the former Ministry of Agriculture, "Several Opinions on the Registration and Certification of Rural Collective Land Ownership" (No.178 [2011] of the Ministry of Land and Resources), according to different historical stages, the over-sized homestead was registered and certified.

Before the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Land for Building in Villages and Towns in 1982, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers for building has not expanded its land area since the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Land for Building in Villages and Towns, it can be registered for confirmation according to the existing actual use area;

From the implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Land for Building in Villages and Towns in 1982 to the implementation of the Land Management Law in 1987, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers for building houses exceeds the local area standard, after the excess part is handled according to the relevant national and local regulations at that time, it can be registered according to the actual use area;

After the implementation of the Land Management Law in 1987, if the homestead occupied by rural villagers exceeds the local area standard, the ownership registration shall be carried out according to the actual approved area. If the area exceeds the local standard, the area exceeding the standard can be indicated in the land register and the note column of the land title certificate. When the household building or the existing house is demolished, rebuilt, renovated or rebuilt, and the government implements the planning and reconstruction according to law, it will be dealt with according to the relevant regulations, and the ownership registration will be re-registered according to the local standard. Part III Utilization of Homestead 26. What are the main ways to make use of idle homesteads and idle houses?

The factors such as location conditions, resource endowment, environmental capacity, industrial base and historical and cultural heritage should be considered as a whole, and the rural idle homesteads and idle houses should be selected for active utilization. According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019]), there are mainly the following ways to revitalize the utilization:

First, use idle houses to develop new industries and new formats such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism, catering and lodging, cultural experience, creative office, e-commerce and so on.

The second is to use idle houses to develop agricultural products cold chain, primary processing, warehousing and other first, second and third industries integration development projects.

Third, by means of consolidation, reclamation and greening, we will carry out the renovation of rural idle homesteads, make use of policies such as linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land according to laws and regulations, and entering the market with collective construction land, so as to provide land and other factors for farmers to build houses, rural construction and industrial development. 27. What are the main bodies of idle homesteads and idle houses?

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Actively and Steadily Carrying out the Revitalization and Utilization of Rural Idle Homestead and Idle Houses (No.4 [2019] of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) proposes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of various subjects in accordance with the law and promote the formation of a good situation of multi-participation and win-win cooperation. The main body of active utilization mainly includes the following three categories:

First, rural collective economic organizations and their members. On the premise of fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of farmers’ homesteads, support rural collective economic organizations and their members to revitalize and utilize rural idle homesteads and idle houses in various ways such as self-employment, leasing, shareholding and cooperation. Encourage rural collective economic organizations with certain economic strength to make unified use of idle homesteads and idle houses.

The second is returnees. Support returnees to rely on their own and idle houses to develop suitable rural industrial projects. "Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Supporting Entrepreneurial Innovation of Returned Rural Workers to Promote the Integrated Development of Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries" (Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.84) puts forward that "supporting returned rural workers to develop farmhouse music by relying on their own and idle farmhouses. Under the premise of complying with the rural homestead management regulations and related plans, people returning to the countryside and farmers are allowed to cooperate to rebuild their own houses. "

The third is social enterprises. Guide enterprises with strength, willingness and responsibility to participate in the revitalization and utilization of idle homesteads and idle houses in an orderly manner. 28. What are the support policies to encourage the active use of idle homesteads?

First, financial rewards and subsidies. Co-ordinate arrangements for relevant funds, for rural idle homestead and idle residential use incentives, subsidies, etc.

Second, financial innovation supports the revitalization and utilization of projects. When conditions are ripe, local government special bonds will be issued to support rural idle homesteads and idle residential projects. Promote the innovation of financial credit products and services, and provide support for the revitalization and utilization of rural idle homesteads and idle houses.

The third is the social promotion of resource projects. Combined with rural tourism conference, agricultural carnival, agricultural fair and other activities, to promote rural idle homestead and idle residential resources to the society.

29. How to steadily promote the pilot demonstration of the revitalization and utilization of idle homesteads?

All localities, in light of the actual situation, selected a number of areas that local party committees and governments attach importance to, rural collective economic organizations are sound, rural residential land management is standardized, rural industries have a foundation, and farmers have high enthusiasm, and orderly carried out pilot demonstrations on the revitalization and utilization of rural idle residential land and idle houses. Highlight the characteristics of rural industries, integrate resources, and create a number of models for the revitalization and utilization of homestay (farmhouse) concentrated villages, rural tourism destinations, family workshops, and handicraft workshops. Summarize a batch of replicable and popularized experience models, explore a set of standardized and efficient operation mechanism and management system, and gradually push them away.

30. How to regulate the active use of idle homesteads according to law?

Further strengthen the management of homestead, standardize the utilization mode, business industry, lease term, transfer object, etc., to prevent encroachment on cultivated land, large-scale demolition and construction, and illegal development, and ensure that idle rural homestead and idle houses that are revitalized are obtained according to law and have clear ownership.

We must resolutely stick to the bottom line of laws and policies, and must not illegally recover the homestead legally obtained by farmers, and must not illegally buy or sell homesteads in disguise. It is strictly forbidden to use rural homesteads to build villa courtyards and private clubs in the countryside.

For the use of idle houses to develop homestays and other projects, in accordance with the requirements of Document No.1 of the Central Committee in 2018, measures such as facilitating market access and strengthening post-event supervision in areas such as fire protection and special industry operations should be studied and promoted as soon as possible.

31. What are the rules for developing homestays and using farmers’ farmhouses?

According to the Basic Requirements and Evaluation of Tourist Homes issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2019 (LB/T
065—2019), tourist B&B refers to small accommodation facilities that use local residential and other related idle resources, with no more than 4 floors of business rooms and no more than 800 square meters of construction area, and the host participates in the reception, providing tourists with experience of local nature, culture and production and lifestyle, and can be divided into urban B&B and rural B&B.. The business site of tourist homestays shall conform to the overall land and space planning of this city and county (including the current overall urban planning and land use planning) and the relevant planning for the development of local homestays. Operating a homestay should comply with the relevant regulations and requirements of public security, fire protection, sanitation, environmental protection and safety, and obtain the relevant licenses required by the local government. Some places, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hainan, etc., have issued policy documents according to local conditions, and made specific provisions on the development of homestays by using rural houses to promote the sustainable and healthy development of rural homestays.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that village collectives and farmers are encouraged to make full use of idle homesteads and idle houses, and develop farmhouse music, homestays and rural tourism according to laws and regulations through independent operation, cooperative operation and entrusted operation. Urban residents, industrial and commercial capital, etc. who rent farmhouses to live or operate shall strictly abide by the provisions of the contract law, and the term of the lease contract shall not exceed 20 years. After the expiration of the contract, both parties may make another agreement. 32. How to promote the economical and intensive use of homestead?

According to the provisions of the Land Management Law, rural villagers should build houses in accordance with the overall land use planning and village planning of townships (towns), and should not occupy permanent basic farmland, and try to use the original homestead and village Uchikoga.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) further requires that the land used for homesteads should be rationally arranged, and the occupation of agricultural land by new homesteads should be strictly controlled, and permanent basic farmland should not be occupied; Involving the occupation of agricultural land, it shall go through the formalities for the conversion of agricultural land in advance according to law. Villages outside the scale of urban construction land should increase the homestead space by giving priority to new construction land planning indicators, village renovation, and vacating abandoned homesteads to meet the housing needs of farmers who meet the conditions of homestead allocation. Within the scale of urban construction land, farmers’ housing needs can be met by building farmers’ apartments and farmers’ residential quarters. 33. Can rural homesteads and farmers’ houses be mortgaged?

In addition to the pilot areas authorized by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) to carry out mortgage loans for farmers’ housing property rights, rural homesteads and rural houses in other places cannot be mortgaged.

Article 184 of the Property Law stipulates that the right to use collectively-owned land, such as cultivated land, homestead, private plot and private plot, shall not be mortgaged, except as stipulated by law. Article 37 of the Guarantee Law stipulates that collectively owned land use rights such as cultivated land, homestead, private plots and private plots cannot be mortgaged.

At the same time, Article 182 of the Property Law stipulates that if a building is mortgaged, the right to use the construction land occupied by the building shall be mortgaged together. Where the right to use construction land is mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall be mortgaged together. That is to say, China implements the principle of "integration of real estate and premises", because the right to use the homestead cannot be mortgaged, resulting in the fact that the rural houses on it cannot be mortgaged.

The fourth part of the homestead circulation

34. What are the ways to transfer the right to use the homestead?

The transfer mode of homestead use right includes transfer and lease. 35. What conditions must be met for the transfer of the right to use rural residential land?

The transfer of the right to use the homestead must be carried out within the village collective economic organization with the consent of the owner of the homestead, and the transferee must be a rural villager who meets the application conditions of the homestead. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall meet other requirements for the transfer of homestead at the same time. 36. Can urban residents buy homesteads in rural areas?

I can’t.

The State Council’s Decision on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management (Guo Fa [2004] No.28) clearly stipulates that urban residents are prohibited from purchasing homestead in rural areas. The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) requires that "Homestead is the basic living guarantee for rural villagers, and it is strictly forbidden for urban residents to buy homesteads in rural areas, and it is strictly forbidden to use rural homesteads to build villa compounds and private clubs in rural areas. It is strictly forbidden to occupy or buy or sell homesteads in violation of laws and regulations in the name of circulation. "

37. What is the longest period for renting a farm house?

Article 214th of the Contract Law stipulates that the lease term shall not exceed 20 years. More than twenty years, the excess part is invalid. Upon the expiration of the lease term, the parties may renew the lease contract, but the agreed lease term shall not exceed 20 years from the date of renewal.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that urban residents, industrial and commercial capital and other rented farmhouses must strictly abide by the provisions of the contract law, and the term of the lease contract shall not exceed 20 years. After the expiration of the contract, both parties may make another agreement. The fifth part of the homestead withdrawal 38. Under what circumstances can the village collective recover the farmer’s homestead?

Under any of the following circumstances, the village collective may recover the right to use the homestead with the approval of the people’s government that originally approved the land use:

(1) If the township (town) village needs to use land for the construction of public facilities and public welfare undertakings, it shall collectively recover the right to use the homestead and give appropriate compensation to the right holder of the homestead;

(2) not using the homestead in accordance with the approved purposes;

(3) Stop using the homestead due to cancellation, relocation and other reasons;

(4) Idle or houses collapse, and the homestead that has not been restored for more than two years is demolished, and the land use right is no longer determined. If the right to use has been determined, it shall be reported by the collective to the people’s government at the county level for approval, and its land registration shall be cancelled and the right to use the homestead shall be collectively recovered;

(5) Non-agricultural registered permanent residence residents (including overseas Chinese) whose original homestead in rural areas has no change in housing property rights can determine their collective construction land use rights according to law. If the reconstruction is not approved after the house is demolished, the right to use the homestead shall be collectively recovered;

(6) When determining the right to use rural residents’ homestead, if the area exceeds the standard set by the local government, the number exceeding the standard area can be indicated in the land registration card and the warrant. In the future, when building houses by households or existing houses are demolished, rebuilt or rebuilt, or the government implements planning and reconstruction according to law, the right to use shall be re-determined according to the area standard stipulated by the local government, and the right to use shall be recovered by the collective;

(7) Other circumstances stipulated by the local government. 39. What are the provisions for voluntary and paid withdrawal of rural homestead?

Article 62 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the state allows rural villagers who have settled in cities to voluntarily withdraw from their homesteads with compensation according to law, and encourages rural collective economic organizations and their members to make active use of idle homesteads and idle houses.

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) stipulates that rural villagers who have settled in cities can raise funds through various channels and explore ways to encourage them to voluntarily withdraw from their homesteads. 40. What is the procedure for farmers to withdraw from the homestead?

In the pilot exploration of homestead system reform, farmers’ withdrawal from homestead mainly includes the following steps: farmers submit a written application, village audit, professional institutions evaluate the value, farmers sign an agreement with village collectives, farmers get compensation, and county-level authorities change registration.

41. Can farmers apply again after voluntarily withdrawing from the homestead?

Judging from the pilot exploration of homestead system reform, some pilot areas distinguish the withdrawal of homestead and determine whether to continue to apply, mainly including the following situations:

One is to quit completely. Voluntary paid withdrawal from the legal occupation of homestead, and no longer retain the eligibility for the right to use homestead, can not apply again. In this case, farmers can generally get complete compensation.

The second is partial withdrawal. If you withdraw from the legally occupied homestead but continue to retain the eligibility for the right to use the homestead, you can apply again if necessary within the agreed time limit. In this case, farmers can get less exit compensation.

The third is to illegally occupy the homestead and withdraw. For the homestead occupied by farmers in violation of laws and regulations, all localities generally adopt the method of free withdrawal, and can not apply again after withdrawal. 42. How to use the homestead that farmers quit?

The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) proposes that under the premise of respecting farmers’ wishes and conforming to the plan, village collectives should be encouraged to comprehensively rectify the abandoned homestead, and the rectified land should be given priority to meet farmers’ demand for new homesteads, village construction and rural industrial development. The land value-added income generated by the active use of idle homesteads should all be used for agriculture and rural areas. 43. How to compensate for the expropriation of rural homestead?

The expropriation of homestead, property law and land management law have all been clearly stipulated.

Article 42 of the Property Law stipulates that in order to meet the needs of public interests, the expropriation of collectively owned land shall pay the land compensation fee, resettlement subsidy, compensation fee for ground attachments and young crops in full according to law, arrange social security fees for landless farmers, safeguard their lives and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. The expropriation of houses and other immovable property of units and individuals shall be compensated for demolition according to law, and the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated person shall be safeguarded; Where individual houses are expropriated, the living conditions of the expropriated person shall also be guaranteed.

Paragraph 4 of Article 48 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the compensation standards for expropriation of land other than agricultural land, ground attachments and young crops shall be formulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The rural villagers’ houses should be compensated fairly and reasonably in accordance with the principle of compensation before relocation and improvement of living conditions, and the wishes of rural villagers should be respected, and fair and reasonable compensation should be given by rearranging the homestead for building, providing resettlement houses or monetary compensation, and compensation should be paid for the relocation and temporary resettlement expenses caused by expropriation, so as to protect the rural villagers’ living rights and legitimate housing property rights and interests. 44. How to protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers’ homestead?

Homestead is the basic residential security land for rural villagers. The Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group on Further Strengthening the Management of Rural Homestead (Zhong Nong Fa [2019] No.11) requires: the qualification right of homestead farmers and the property right of farmers should be fully guaranteed. It is not allowed to forcibly transfer the homestead against the wishes of farmers and force farmers to "go upstairs" in various names, and it is not allowed to illegally recover the homestead legally obtained by farmers, and it is not allowed to withdraw from the homestead as a condition for farmers to settle in cities. Strictly control the merger of the whole village, standardize the implementation procedures, and strengthen supervision and management. It is strictly forbidden to occupy or buy or sell homestead illegally in the name of circulation. Part VI Supervision and Management of Homestead 45. What are the functions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Homestead?

According to the Land Management Law and the "Three Decisions" plan of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is responsible for the reform and management of rural housing sites. To undertake the reform of rural homestead system, be responsible for drafting the draft laws, regulations and policies related to the management and use of rural homestead, guide the distribution, use and circulation of rural homestead, dispute arbitration management, rational layout of rural homestead, land use standards, and investigation and punishment of illegal land use, and guide the utilization of idle homesteads and idle farmhouses. 46. What is the division of responsibilities between the agricultural and rural departments and the natural resources departments about rural residential sites?

According to the department’s "three decisions" plan, the agricultural and rural departments are responsible for the reform and management of rural housing sites; The natural resources department is responsible for the conversion of land and other land space uses, land consolidation and reclamation, unified registration of real estate rights, formulation of land space planning and supervision of its implementation. In the specific work, the natural resources department is responsible for village planning, annual land use plan, rural construction planning permission, registration and certification of the right to use the homestead integrated with real estate, and the agricultural and rural departments are responsible for the management, reform, utilization, investigation and supervision of the homestead.

47. What is the working mechanism of rural homestead management?

The management mechanism of rural homestead is guided by the Ministry and the province, led by cities and counties, with the township as the main responsibility and the village as the main body. The focus of homestead management is at the grass-roots level, county and township governments assume territorial responsibility, agricultural and rural departments are responsible for industry management, and the specific work is undertaken by rural management departments. County and township governments should strengthen organizational leadership, earnestly strengthen the construction of grass-roots rural management system, increase support, enrich their strength, implement funds, improve conditions, and ensure that people are responsible for the work. 48. What does the "three presence" of rural homestead approval supervision mean?

The "Three Arrivals" of rural homestead approval and supervision refers to the arrival of homestead application review, measurement and approval before construction and verification and acceptance after completion.

Homestead application review: After receiving the application for homestead and building (planning permission), the township government should promptly organize the agricultural, rural and natural resources departments to review whether the applicant meets the conditions and whether the proposed land meets the planning and land type.

Before the start of construction, the farmers who have been approved to build houses with land shall apply to the township government or the authorized lead department to demarcate the land scope of the homestead before the start of construction, and the township government shall promptly organize the departments of agriculture, rural areas and natural resources to conduct on-site inspection, measure and approve the homestead on the spot, and determine the location of building.

Upon completion, check and acceptance will be present: after the completion of farmers’ housing construction, the township government will organize relevant departments to carry out acceptance inspection, on-the-spot check whether farmers use the homestead in accordance with the requirements of the approved area and four areas, and whether they build houses in accordance with the approved area and planning requirements, and issue the Acceptance Opinion Form for Rural Homestead and Building (Planning Permission).

49. What role should village-level organizations play in the daily management of homestead?

Rural homestead is owned by farmers collectively, and collective economic organizations or village committees exercise the ownership of rural homestead. Village-level organizations, under the guidance of township governments, should improve the democratic management methods of village homesteads, explore the establishment of village-level homestead coordinators, and manage and make good use of homesteads according to law. In the process of applying for examination and approval, be responsible for the preliminary examination and participate in the implementation of the requirements of "Three Arrivals" in the whole process, and mainly participate in the on-site inspection organized by the township government, measure and release the homestead on the spot, and determine the building location; After the completion of housing construction, farmers participate in the acceptance link organized by the township government, and on-the-spot check whether farmers use the homestead in accordance with the approved area and four requirements, and whether they build housing in accordance with the approved area and planning requirements. Strengthen the daily inspection of rural residential sites, discover and stop all kinds of illegal acts involving residential sites in time, and report to superiors in time if they refuse to dissuade or correct. 50. How to solve the problems left over from the history of rural homestead?

The problems left over from the history of rural homestead, such as "one household with more houses" and over-standard area, have complex causes and involve the vital interests of farmers. They should be classified and identified according to local conditions and laws and policies, and properly disposed of.

First, combined with the third national land survey and other work, carry out statistical surveys on rural residential sites to grasp the basic situation.

Second, the registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, which is integrated with the real estate, is classified according to the laws and policies of different periods.

Third, combined with the implementation of village planning, new rural construction, rural human settlements improvement, etc., the over-occupation, over-occupation, and indiscriminate occupation of homesteads will be gradually adjusted according to the plan.

The fourth is to guide the village level to resolve some remaining problems through democratic consultation and villagers’ autonomy.

Fifth, strengthen the management of rural residential sites to prevent new illegal acts. 51. What legal responsibilities should farmers bear for illegally occupying land to build houses?

China implements the strictest farmland protection system and land saving system, and insists on land use control, and it is strictly forbidden to occupy homestead beyond the standard. The land management law and the urban and rural planning law clearly define the corresponding legal responsibilities for illegal land occupation and building.

Article 75 of the Land Management Law stipulates that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, those who occupy cultivated land to build kilns and graves, or build houses, dig sand, quarry, mine and borrow soil on cultivated land without authorization, which damages the planting conditions, or cause desertification and salinization of land due to land development, shall be ordered by the competent departments of natural resources of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the competent departments of agriculture and rural areas to make corrections within a time limit and may also be fined; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 77 of the Land Management Law stipulates that: those who illegally occupy land without approval or by deception shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources of the people’s government at or above the county level to return the illegally occupied land; those who change agricultural land into construction land without authorization in violation of the overall land use plan shall dismantle the newly built buildings and other facilities on the illegally occupied land within a time limit and restore the land to its original state; those who meet the overall land use plan shall be confiscated and may be fined; The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel of illegal land occupation units shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. Occupation of land in excess of the approved amount shall be punished as illegal occupation of land.

Article 78 of the Land Management Law stipulates that if rural villagers illegally occupy land to build houses without approval or by deception, the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to return the illegally occupied land and dismantle the newly built houses on the illegally occupied land within a time limit. If the land exceeds the standards set by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it will be punished as illegal occupation of land.

Article 65 of the Urban and Rural Planning Law stipulates that if a rural construction planning permit is not obtained in accordance with the law or construction is not carried out in accordance with the provisions of the rural construction planning permit, the township and town people’s governments shall order it to stop construction and make corrections within a time limit; If it is not corrected within the time limit, it can be removed. 52. What are the law enforcement procedures for investigating and dealing with illegal acts of rural residential land?

In the administrative law enforcement of illegal land use of homestead, the competent agricultural and rural departments at or above the county level shall, according to Articles 67 and 68 of the Land Administration Law, first order them to stop the illegal acts and perform the right of supervision and inspection; The second is to order the demolition within a time limit and make an administrative penalty decision to order the demolition within a time limit. If the illegal act continues, it shall be dealt with according to article 83.

Article 83 of the Land Management Law: "If, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the newly-built buildings and other facilities on illegally occupied land are ordered to be demolished within a time limit, the construction unit or individual must immediately stop the construction and dismantle them by itself; To continue the construction, the organ that made the decision on punishment has the right to stop it. If the construction unit or individual refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment of ordering demolition within a time limit, it may bring a suit in a people’s court within fifteen days from the date of receiving the decision on ordering demolition within a time limit; If it fails to prosecute and dismantle itself at the expiration of the time limit, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution according to law, and the expenses shall be borne by the offender. "

In accordance with the spirit of deepening the constitutional reform of administrative law enforcement by the central authorities and the General Office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council’s "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Law Enforcement Force of Grassroots Integration of Examination and Approval Services" (No.5 [2019] of the Office of the Central Committee), all localities can explore gradually giving the rural homestead law enforcement power to the township people’s government for implementation in accordance with legal procedures and requirements.

53. What are the ways to resolve disputes over rural residential sites?

Article 14 of the Land Administration Law stipulates that disputes over land ownership and use rights shall be settled by the parties through consultation; If negotiation fails, it shall be handled by the people’s government.

Disputes between units shall be handled by the people’s governments at or above the county level; Disputes between individuals or between individuals and units shall be handled by people’s governments at the township level or above the county level.

If a party refuses to accept the decision of the relevant people’s government, he may bring a suit in a people’s court within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice of the decision.

Before the dispute over land ownership and use right is settled, neither party may change the status quo of land use.

Homestead disputes can also be resolved through people’s mediation. People’s mediation refers to a kind of mass autonomy activity under the auspices of mediation committees (including urban residents’ committees and rural villagers’ committees), based on national laws, regulations, policies and social ethics, to persuade and educate the parties to civil disputes, to promote mutual understanding and equal consultation between the parties to disputes, so as to reach an agreement voluntarily and eliminate disputes. People’s mediation is an important part of the current mediation system and a unique system in China’s legal system construction. 54. What basic work should be done in rural homestead management?

Combined with the land survey, registration and certification of the right to use the homestead, we will promote the establishment of a statistical survey system for rural homesteads, organize surveys on the utilization of homesteads and rural houses, and comprehensively understand the scale, layout and utilization of homesteads. Gradually establish the basic information database and management information system of homestead, and promote the information management of homestead application, approval, circulation, withdrawal and illegal land use investigation.

Strengthen investigation and study, timely study and solve new situations and new problems in the process of homestead management and reform, pay attention to summing up the good experiences and practices created by grassroots and farmers, implement the newly revised land management law, and timely revise and improve the local homestead management measures.

Strengthen organization and leadership, strengthen self-construction, increase the training of laws and policies, promote team building through work, and do a good job in homestead management.

On November 22nd, under the guidance of Jiangxi Communications Administration, the Network Security Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Jiangxi Internet Association jointly released the Top 20 Internet Enterprises in Jiangxi Province in 2019 in Fuzhou. Top 20 enterprises adhere to innovation-driven development, actively integrate with the real economy, promote the change of economic development power, and lead the high-quality economic development of Jiangxi Province, showing five characteristics:

First, the development momentum of enterprises is strong, which has significantly boosted the digital economy in Jiangxi. In 2018, the growth rate of Internet business revenue was as high as 114.7%, maintaining an ultra-high-speed growth momentum and becoming one of the backbone forces to promote Jiangxi’s economic development. The second is to increase investment in innovative research and development to support the rapid development of enterprises. R&D investment increased by 59.6% year-on-year. Enterprises actively developed new technologies and applications, increased investment in innovative R&D, and further enhanced the competitiveness of Internet enterprises. Third, advertising media has become a new bright spot in the industry, and new formats have boosted new economic development. There are six enterprises with advertising media as their main business, which has become a new bright spot in Jiangxi Internet industry. From the perspective of income structure, advertising media and game companies rank in the top two, with a total of 87.3%. Fourth, promote the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and create a new modern industrial system of "internet plus". Grasping the pain point of traditional industries’ internetization, we have created a number of successful cases in logistics, drug sales, media and other fields, actively promoted the digitalization, networking and intelligent transformation of traditional industries, and created a new modern industrial system of "internet plus". Fifth, the coverage area is relatively balanced, with Nanchang and Shangrao leading the province. Enterprises are located in 8 cities including Nanchang and Shangrao. Among them, the number of Nanchang enterprises reached 11; A number of emerging leading enterprises have emerged in other cities, which have spawned many new models and new businesses.

List of Top 20 Internet Enterprises in Jiangxi Province

List of the Most Growing Internet Enterprises in Jiangxi Province

The Most Innovative List of Internet Enterprises in Jiangxi Province

　　Introduction: With the mass production of the 7-speed DSG gearbox equipped with LuK dry dual clutch, the DSG gearbox has entered a new stage, and the dual clutch of the dual clutch transmission DSG took five years from wet to dry.

　　With the mass production of the 7-speed DSG gearbox equipped with LuK dry dual clutch, the DSG gearbox has entered a new stage, and the dual clutch of the dual clutch transmission DSG took five years from wet to dry.

　　The latest 7-speed DSG gearbox is instructive for the future development of automobile dual clutch system, which brings convenience, movement and comfortable driving experience. Since Volkswagen put into the market in 2003, the six-speed DSG dual-clutch automatic transmission has opened a new era of transmission, which is inseparable from the vigorous investment of Volkswagen in new technology and the vigorous expansion of parts manufacturers in the field of new technology. Standing behind Volkswagen’s first-generation DSG is Borg Warner, who is providing wet dual clutches for Volkswagen DSG, and who will stand behind the second-generation DSG?

　　In the spring of this year, Volkswagen released a 7-speed DSG gearbox. Except for adding a gear, the biggest difference with the 6-speed DSG is that it adopts a dry dual clutch. This time, which component manufacturer provided the core component-dry dual clutch for the public? That is LuK Company, headquartered in Buehl, Baden, Germany. As an expert in clutch and gearbox system in the industry, it has developed this latest dry dual clutch through close cooperation with Volkswagen. In terms of fuel economy, it is better than the gearbox equipped with wet double clutch, and compared with the traditional manual gearbox, it can save fuel consumption by about 6%.

Wet dual clutch produced by Borgwarner

　　The birth of double clutch makes the phenomenon of power interruption and passengers "nodding" when shifting gears become history. As the heart of DSG gearbox, the working principle of LuK dry dual clutch is simple: LuK’s dual clutch consists of two clutches. One of the clutches is connected with the odd gear input shaft of the gearbox: 1st gear, 3rd gear, 5th gear and 7th gear; The other clutch controls the input shaft of even gears: 2nd gear, 4th gear, 6th gear and reverse gear. For example, when the vehicle is driving in 2nd gear, 3rd gear is already in gear (only the 3rd gear clutch is not engaged). Therefore, the whole shift process can be carried out quickly, smoothly and without torque interruption. The shift is completed by electro-hydraulic control mechanism, and the driver can hardly feel the instantaneous shift and the opening and closing of a single clutch.

　　The 6-speed DSG’s multi-plate dual clutch runs in the cooling oil tank in a "wet" way, while the LuK’s dual clutch has a dry structure. The torque transmission of wet dual clutch is realized by wet clutch friction plate immersed in oil, while the torque transmission of dry clutch is realized by friction plate on clutch driven plate. Because of saving the high efficiency of torque transmission of related hydraulic system and dry clutch itself, dry system greatly improves fuel economy. The same 1.9 TDI(105 PS/ 77 kW) engine with 7-speed DSG gearbox can save more than 10% fuel compared with 6-speed wet dual clutch transmission.

　　The design of "dry" double clutch has brought many benefits, the most important of which is to significantly improve the efficiency of the gearbox system. In addition, the new generation DSG gearbox eliminates the suction filter, oil cooler and high-pressure oil pipe in the gearbox housing. Like the ordinary manual gearbox, gearbox oil is only used for lubrication and cooling of gearbox gears and bearings. Therefore, the 7-speed DSG transmission oil only needs 1.7 liters of transmission oil, while the 6-speed DSG transmission oil needs 6.5 liters. Although "dry" dual clutch has many benefits, it is limited in torque transmission. The new generation DSG gearbox is suitable for all "small" engines with maximum torque less than 250 Nm.

　　Generally speaking, the dimension of dry double clutch is slightly larger than that of wet double clutch. This is determined by the layout of the double clutch and the friction material selected. Because the external dimensions of the dry dual clutch of the 7-speed DSG gearbox are slightly larger, the rest parts should be designed to be more compact, so that it can be equipped on Polo-class small cars.

　　Since 2004, LuK has started close cooperation with Volkswagen in the development of DSG damping parts. The torsional vibration absorber in this DSG technology gearbox-dual-mass flywheel is also LuK’s product. LuK’s double clutch has been shipped to Volkswagen’s transmission factory in Kassel, Germany since the beginning of 2008. LuK’s factory in Buehl has been fully prepared for mass production (about Schaeffler Group: the German-headquartered Schaeffler Group has three famous brands: INA, LuK and FAG, and is a leading manufacturer in the global automobile industry and rolling bearing industry).

　　A set of numbers about DSG gearbox

　　* 0.4 liter: Golf sedan with 122 horsepower TSI engine and 7-speed DSG.

　　The fuel consumption of the model is 0.4 liters less than that of the model equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission.

　　* 1.7 liters: 1.7 liters of transmission oil is required for the 7-speed DSG transmission.

　　* 6.5 liters: 6.5 liters of transmission oil is required for the 6-speed DSG transmission.

　　* 6 models: At present, Volkswagen has 6 models that can be equipped with a 7-speed DSG gearbox.

　　* 70kg: The 7-speed DSG gearbox weighs 70kg.

　　* 93kg: The 6-speed DSG gearbox weighs 93kg.

　　* 105 HP: At present, the "minimum" engine power matching DSG gearbox is 105 HP.

　　* 300 HP: At present, the "maximum" engine power matching DSG gearbox is 300 HP.

　　* 140℃: The maximum working environment (transmission oil) of electromechanical control module of 6-speed DSG gearbox is 140℃.

　　* 250Nm: The maximum torque of the engine matched with the 7-speed DSG gearbox is 250 nm.

　　* 350Nm: The maximum torque of the engine matched with the 6-speed DSG gearbox is 350 nm.

　　The main reason for the difference in the above data is the adoption of dry/wet dual clutch.

　　(Author: Weidong)

Editor’s lead: In 2023, BYD continued to write the story of sales growth, but while sales were at a high level, BYD’s challenges began to emerge one by one. Since the second half of the year, its growth rate in the domestic market has obviously slowed down, and the continuous entry of mixed competing products has begun to impact BYD’s market position. The high-end camp represented by Tengshi brand is outside the MPV market and has not yet opened its voice in the mainstream market.

Sales rush and challenges emerge.

There is no doubt that BYD will continue to be the domestic new energy sales champion in 2023. In 2023, with its reputation and leading position in the new energy market, the price/performance ratio of the "Champion Edition" model under the price war, and the explosion of cars in the pure electric field, BYD once again hit a record high in terms of sales volume and performance. According to official data, in the first 11 months, BYD sold 2.683 million vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 64.29%.

At the same time, BYD’s third quarterly report shows that in the first three quarters of this year, BYD achieved revenue of 422.275 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 57.75%; The net profit of returning to the mother was 21.367 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 129.47%. According to brokerage analysis, BYD’s bicycle profit in the third quarter reached 11,000 yuan. Based on this data, BYD has also become the most powerful car company in the domestic market, surpassing SAIC.

The root cause of the big increase in performance is still the sales volume. BYD once said that "the new energy automobile industry continued its good growth momentum, and the company’s new energy automobile sales continued to hit a record high, ranking first in the global new energy automobile sales."

Horizontally, from the listing of BYD Qin PLUS DM-i 2023 Champion Edition on February 10th this year, it sounded the horn that BYD further eroded the market share of fuel vehicles. The banner of "the same price of oil and electricity" played by the champion version of Qin PLUS DM-i 2023 has become a major attraction for consumers of fuel vehicles, which has driven the sales of Qin PLUS DM-i to rise all the way, with the monthly sales reaching as high as 30,000+.

The A-class plug-in hybrid sedan sold from 99,800 yuan, with its outstanding cost performance, constantly stirred the price line of the joint venture A-class fuel sedan. At the same time, after the Qin PLUS DM-i 2023 champion version, BYD successively launched a series of champion models such as Song PLUS DM-i champion version, Song PRO champion version and seal champion version.

BYD’s core idea is to "increase distribution and reduce prices", and to speed up the market share of joint-venture fuel vehicles in the context of intensified price wars. In the first 11 months, the independent brand market led by BYD has reached 51.7%, while the market share of mainstream joint venture brands has dropped to 34.5%. BYD grabbed the biggest cake in the process of new energy encroaching on the fuel vehicle market, which laid the lower limit for BYD.

However, while BYD’s sales are going to a high level, from the perspective of dismantling its development trend, BYD’s challenges are becoming increasingly prominent. The slowdown in sales growth, the sniper of competing products and the high-end luxury market represented by Tengshi are all problems that BYD has exposed.

Surrounded by heroes, BYD

Compared with last year, BYD’s monthly sales volume is still growing substantially, which is beyond reproach. However, in the second half of 2023, BYD’s month-on-month growth rate slowed down significantly. Among them, in October and November, BYD’s month-on-month growth rate was less than 100, which reflected that BYD’s growth was also facing strong resistance. The core factor is that the hybrid field is being challenged. BYD, once a dominant company in the hybrid field, has gradually increased its competitors.

In fact, in 2023, BYD continued to move forward, and a considerable number of factors depended on the increment of new models. For example, BYD Seagull cut into the A0 pure electric car market with a class of 100,000 and became the dominant market segment. BYD Seagull was listed on April 26th this year, and it sold more than 40,000 vehicles for three consecutive months. The cumulative sales volume during the year was as high as 229,600 vehicles, which was the biggest increase of BYD during the year.

In the hybrid market, judging from the competitive situation of sub-models, the trend of independent brands besieging BYD has taken shape: BYD’s main three models, such as Qin, Song and Han, have been besieged by domestic car companies in different dimensions, and Song PLUS in the first half of the year faced competition from Xiaolong MAX, Yinhe L7 and Deep Blue S7; At present, the sales volume of Deep Blue S in July is stable at around 7,000 vehicles, while the steady monthly sales volume of Galaxy L7 is above 8,000 vehicles.

In the A-class plug-in sedan market where Qin PLUS DM-i is located, Yinhe L6, Qiyuan A05, Wuling Xingguang and other products have successively joined the battle. In the A-level hybrid market, the latest monthly sales volume of Yinhe L6 has climbed to the level of 5,000 vehicles. Qiyuan A05 and Wuling Starlight have just been listed, and their sales volume is also climbing.

BYD, which took the lead in the new energy market by relying on plug-in technology, once monopolized about 62% of the market share in the plug-in market (in 2022). Since the beginning of this year, with the landing of plug-in products corresponding to other independent brands, BYD’s share in the plug-in market has begun to shrink. From January to November this year, BYD sold 1.288 million plug-in vehicles in batches, accounting for 53% of the 2.394 million plug-in market.

On the whole, although other self-owned brands’ blended products have not yet risen to threaten BYD’s position, with the increasing investment of Great Wall, Chang ‘an, Geely and other car groups since 2023, consumers have been given a new choice different from BYD in the blended market. And as the most dynamic market segment in 2023, it is attracting more car companies to invest, including joint venture brands and other independent brands.

In the hybrid market, Chery, which has experienced rapid sales growth in the past two years, also voiced strongly, "The hybrid market without Chery Automobile is an incomplete hybrid market." Since 2023, the sales volume of Chery Group has reached 1.66 million, returning to the independent head camp. Yin Tongyue said that he would enter the top position in new energy in 2024, which may mean that the hybrid market will face more intense market competition next year.

Tengshi impacts SUV and is frustrated again.

In the new energy market in 2023, on the one hand, BYD continued to promote the growth of the mass market through price war, on the other hand, it laid out the high-end market and tapped the increment of the high-end market, including Tengshi, Equation Leopard and Wangwang, which all entered the new node of operation this year. Equation Leopard and Wangwang ushered in the first car listing, and Tengshi also opened an SUV track outside MPV, but Tengshi’s performance was not fully successful.

In the high-end market, BYD’s representative Tengshi has made great achievements in the MPV market. Tengshi D9, which was listed at the end of last year, has continued its high-light performance this year. The emergence of Tengshi D9 has broken the domestic MPV market pattern in one fell swoop. In the first November of this year, Tengshi D9 accumulated 108,000 vehicles in retail sales, surpassing Buick GL8′ s 107,000 vehicles. It is not an idiotic dream to win this year’s MPV market sales champion.

However, Tengshi encountered "Waterloo" in the SUV market for mainstream users. In July and August this year, Tengshi launched two SUV models, Tengshi N7 and N8, which did not achieve the expected success. Since its listing, Tengshi N7 has sold 5,402 vehicles, while N8 has sold 1,819 vehicles, which is not in line with Zhao Changjiang, general manager of Tengshi Sales Division.

Prior to this, Zhao Changjiang once said that "Tengshi N7′ s goal is to sell 10,000 units per month" and "the monthly delivery volume is about 5,000-6,000 units in the initial delivery period, and it is expected to reach over 10,000 units in September and October. Together with the N8 launched at the end of the year, Tengshi will be able to reach the level of monthly sales of 30,000 vehicles. " The failure of the N7 and N8 models has also dragged down the achievement of Tengshi’s annual target. According to the plan, Tengshi will challenge the annual sales of 150,000 vehicles in 2023, but now it has accumulated sales of 115,900 vehicles.

The year 2023 is coming to an end. On the whole, BYD’s leading position in the new energy market still exists, but the challenges it faces are also increasing objectively.

Judging from the disclosed plans, 2024 will be a great year for BYD’s products, including the replacement of core models and endless new products, such as Dynasty/Ocean, Tengshi and Equation Leopard, and the fifth-generation DM-i’s boarding blessing in technology, so as to upgrade from products to technology. Whether this can help BYD solve the challenges that have gradually emerged remains to be seen.

At the Guangzhou Auto Show, BYD executives said, "In 2024, new energy vehicles may enter the era of Armageddon at any time."

[technology circle]

China Post takes over the agent of HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center? Huawei responded that it is not true!

On January 10th, it was reported that China Post and Telecommunications Equipment Group Co., Ltd. would take over the customer center agent of Huawei’s car business in HarmonyOS Zhixing, and initially planned to invest 30 billion yuan for the construction of the customer center and stores of HarmonyOS Zhixing in various places. The user center originally under the responsibility of Cyrus will be gradually handed over to China Post or entrusted, and Cyrus will fully return to "building cars" itself. However, Huawei told Yicai that the above news was untrue. According to the announcement issued by HarmonyOS Zhixing, China Post is building a new HarmonyOS Zhixing Customer Service Center, which will develop together with the existing AITO Customer Service Center managed by Cyrus. Cyrus also said that the report that "China Post will fully undertake the agent of HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center" is untrue.

Internet

Tencent formulated the "Bamboo Shooting Plan" to increase the incubation of vertical games.

Yicai learned from inside Tencent that on January 8, Tencent Holdings IEG (Interactive Entertainment Group) held an internal staff meeting, and the management talked about the increase of game version numbers and the close connection between games and short videos. On the same day, Tencent also released a self-developed project "Bamboo Shooting Plan" to increase investment in R&D resources for new opportunities, new gameplay and vertical game incubation.

ByteDance responded that the car emperor will become an independent company: based on the needs of normal business development,

In response to the fact that "Knowing Car Emperor will become an independent company", ByteDance confirmed this matter, saying that the registration and establishment of an independent company is based on the needs of normal business development. According to previous media reports, ByteDance is moving its employees who know Chedi to a newly established wholly-owned subsidiary, and the legal representative will be the strategic director of Chedi. A small number of employees who were originally from ByteDance will take the lead in transferring labour relation to the new company around the end of January. In the future, the car-savvy emperor will have an independent office. A new company may be established for listing, or to find partners and introduce external shareholders; It may also be for independent accounting, cost reduction and efficiency improvement. It is understood that ByteDance has discussed the spin-off and listing of Know Car Emperor, but there is no clear timeline. (Sina Technology)

JD.COM started the development of native applications in HarmonyOS.

On January 10th, Huawei and JD.COM announced their cooperation, officially launched the development of native applications in HarmonyOS, and further improved the ecological map of HarmonyOS.

[Car ring]

Xiaomi Automobile: The total investment in the first phase of intelligent driving has increased to 4.7 billion, and the team size has exceeded 1,000.

Xiaomi Auto released "Xiaomi Auto Answers 100 Questions from Netizens (Final Chapter)" on the official blog. Xiaomi Automobile said that intelligent driving is a long-term investment technology, and Xiaomi decided to conduct self-research on intelligent driving from the very beginning. The total investment in the first phase was 3.3 billion, which has been increased to 4.7 billion. The scale of Xiaomi’s intelligent driving team has exceeded 1,000 people (not included in the R&D resources of the group’s AI platform and the support of the engineering team), and more than 200 vehicles have been put into test. At present, the test mileage has exceeded 10 million kilometers.

LI’s 2023 sales transcripts were released, and a total of 376,000 vehicles were delivered throughout the year.

According to LI’s official Weibo, in 2023, LI delivered a total of 376,030 vehicles, with the monthly delivery exceeding 50,000 vehicles and the ideal L7 single vehicle exceeding 20,000 vehicles.

BYD official announcement: Looking up at U7

BYD’s look-up car in Weibo officially announced the "million-class new energy flagship car" look-up U7. According to reports, this model has over a thousand horsepower.

Tesla upgraded Model 3 is now available in North America.

According to reports, Tesla said that the upgraded Model 3 is now available in North America.

[Big consumption]

The wholesale price of the Year of the Loong Maotai Zodiac wine dropped from 6,000 yuan to 4,100 yuan/bottle.

The reporter learned from various channels that the wholesale price of the Year of the Loong Maotai Zodiac wine dropped sharply today, from 6,000 yuan/bottle to about 4,100 yuan/bottle. "Now (Longmao) prices are unstable." Some dealers told reporters that the price drop may be related to the large starting volume of Longmao. According to some channel dealers, dealers in some regions have already obtained quotas, and the starting volume is very large, but offline sales are not allowed for the time being. (Cailian)

Dong Yuhui’s first broadcast sold more than 100 million yuan. Third party: sales nearly quadrupled in the East.

At 7: 00 pm on January 9, "Walking with Hui" was launched. According to the data of Mama Chan, the total number of fans of "Walking with Hui" is 7.369 million, and the cumulative sales of live broadcast exceeds 1 million, and the cumulative sales of live broadcast exceeds 100 million yuan. Corresponding to the surge in the number of fans and sales in the "Walking with Hui" live broadcast room, the growth rate of the Oriental selection live broadcast room slowed down. According to the data of Mama Chan, in the past ten days, the sales of the selected live broadcast rooms in the East also dropped from over 100 million yuan on December 18th, 2023 to 10 million yuan to 25 million yuan on the 9th.

China Zhongmian: Plan to lay out overseas markets next year.

China Zhongmian achieved revenue growth of 24.15% year-on-year in 2023; Net profit increased by 33.52% year on year. On January 10th, the staff of China Zhongmian Securities Affairs Department said that the supplementary agreement signed by the company and the Beijing-Shanghai core airport duty-free shop had come into effect. At present, the overall market performance is not good, which is a great challenge for consumer stock companies. The staff said that they would try to manage the company well and give it back to shareholders, and plan to lay out overseas markets next year.

The three squirrels distribution series stopped taking orders, Zhang Liaoyuan: Online has just begun.

On January 10th, three squirrels announced that during the New Year’s Festival in 2024, the offline distribution of three squirrel gift boxes/gift packages was far more popular than expected. At present, the whole series of standard gift boxes/gift packages have been sold out. In this regard, Zhang Liaoyuan, Chairman of Three Squirrels, commented on this matter in a circle of friends, saying, "The distribution business was forced to close down and focus on online 2C business. It’s not the squirrel’s strength, but the high-end cost performance caters to the market demand. In 2024, the new gift far exceeded expectations, and the online has just begun! " (Sina Finance)

[Financial Street]

Yao Zhenhua and Baoneng were enforced by 1.9 billion yuan.

Tianyancha App shows that on January 9, Yao Zhenhua, Shenzhen Baoneng Investment Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries Shenzhen Baoneng Automobile Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Baoneng Culture and Entertainment Co., Ltd. added a piece of information about the executed person, with the execution target of more than 1.9 billion yuan, and the related case was a contract dispute. According to the risk information, at present, Shenzhen Baoneng Investment Group Co., Ltd. has 62 pieces of information about executed persons, and the total amount of execution exceeds 37.5 billion yuan.

【Logistics industry]

Express employees broadcast live and sell others express at low prices? ZTO Express responded: The involved outlets have reported to the police

In response to the incident of "ZTO Express employees live broadcast and selling others’ express delivery at a low price", ZTO Express responded that on January 9, the outlets involved had reported to the police and would actively cooperate with the police investigation and negotiate with customers. (The Paper)

Adjustment of organizational structure of polar rabbit: China District is newly established, and Liu Wei, a founding team member, is the first CEO.

On January 10th, regarding the recent adjustment of the organizational structure and personnel appointment of the network transmission polar rabbit express, the reporter confirmed from polar rabbit that the purpose of dividing the business of the Group and China this time is to refine the operation. China District will welcome its first CEO, Liu Wei, a member of the founding team of Extreme Rabbit, who will be responsible for the express delivery business in the domestic market and report to Fan Suzhou. The reporter also learned from an insider of Polar Rabbit that before Polar Rabbit had no group and China District, they were all called headquarters, with Fan Suzhou as the executive president and Hou Junyi as the vice president. After the split at the end of last year, Fan Suzhou and Hou Junyi focused on managing overseas and planned to enter new overseas markets. (The Paper)

Aviation industry

China Southern Airlineswait forThe airline will reduce the ticket refund fee from now on, and you can also refund it free of charge for changing models.

China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines have successively issued new regulations on airline ticket refund and reform, and made extensive adjustments to the fee and scope of ticket refund and reform, which have been implemented since January 10th. The contents of the new regulations of the airline company show that the adjustment of the ticket refund and change rules has reduced the proportion of the ticket refund and change fee, and expanded the scope and application scenarios of free ticket refund and change, such as the change of aircraft type and the expensive ticket purchase, which can be refunded free of charge within a certain period of time, and relaxed the rules for returning and changing sick passengers.

Boeing CEO admits mistake in 737 MAX 9 accident.

Dave calhoun, CEO of Boeing Company, admitted at a meeting of the company on the 9th that the company was wrong about the recent accident related to Boeing 737 MAX 9. Calhoun said that Boeing will handle every step in a completely transparent way, and cooperate with national transportation safety board, which is investigating the accident, to find out the cause of the accident, and said that Boeing "has long-term cooperation experience with this organization". He also said that the US Federal Aviation Administration is monitoring and inspecting "to ensure the safety of the next lift-off plane, and this kind of accident will not happen again". (Xinhua News Agency)

【Game circle]

Netease Games and Huawei Reach HarmonyOS Cooperation.

On January 10th, Huawei announced that Netease’s first HarmonyOS native game had been developed, and Ghost Mobile Games became the first Unity China engine game to complete the adaptation of open source HarmonyOS. Previously, Netease Games has announced that it will launch HarmonyOS native application development based on HarmonyOS NEXT, which will bring more interactive gameplay and more innovative game experience to players.

Medical industry

MitraClip surgery was suspended in some hospitals, and Abbott, a device manufacturer, responded.

Yicai recently learned from a number of industries that Guangdong Medical Insurance Bureau is investigating the problem of "retraction" of MitraClip surgery for cardiovascular interventional medical devices, during which MitraClip surgery in some hospitals was suspended. Abbott, the manufacturer of MitraClip, responded: "According to the workflow of the State and Guangdong Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, the approval of medical services related to this operation is in progress."

(Editor: Gao Lishan)

More exciting content, all in the first financial APP.

　　Wen | Fu Qiongyin, Jiang Yuqi

　　On June 8th, Jay Chou uploaded a prelude to the new song Mojito on his Aauto Quicker account, which is the first time that Aauto Quicker has been used as his own music announcement platform since Jay Chou settled in Aauto Quicker.

　　If we say that this past weekend, Aauto Quicker’s "Ollie Give" advertisement on social platforms made people re-understand Aauto Quicker’s "local culture" to some extent, then earlier Jay Chou settled in and joined hands with Jewel Music, it was a somewhat subversive platform brand "remodeling".

　　So many people who don’t pay attention to Aauto Quicker can’t help asking: Why did Jay Chou choose Aauto Quicker?

　　It is widely believed that behind this hand-in-hand, "Aauto Quicker needs Jay Chou"; But inPoisonous eyes (WeChat ID:youhaoxifilm）It seems that this is a win-win cooperation. Short video platforms represented by Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok are relying on their powerful influence.It stirs up the pattern of the music market and industry, and sometimes even affects the fate of many big companies and musicians.

　　It may be hard to convince people if they just throw out the above point of view. Because in the public’s cognition, when talking about the connection between Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok and music, people may first think of all kinds of "divine comedy" and shouting wheat, which is difficult to relate to mainstream music culture. But in fact, whether at home or overseas, the development of the music industry is increasingly inseparable from the support of short videos.

　　On June 3rd, local time, Warner Music, one of the largest record companies in the world, was officially listed on NASDAQ, and issued 77 million shares. Warner Music’s final stock issue price reached $25, and the closing price on the day of listing was $30.12, up by 20.48%, and the company’s market value also reached $15.3 billion.

　　Warner Music (Source: vision china)

　　According to public information, dozens of internationally renowned investment banks, including Morgan Stanley, have participated in the IPO of Warner Music, so this is the largest IPO in the US stock market this year. Behind Warner Music’s massive "Road to Stock Market Return", TikTok’s overseas version of Tiktok, to some extent, played the role of "Mr. Key".

　　In the prospectus released earlier, Warner Music specifically mentioned the unique opportunities TikTok brought to the music industry, saying that the new digital scale platform can bring advantages and help to the music entertainment industry, providing incremental music services to "diversified young users", creating new music stars, short videos based on music, etc., which are becoming more and more popular on various social media.

　　In fact, as early as 2018, Tik Tok reached a cooperation with Warner on music copyright, so now that Warner is listed again, there are many voices speculating whether it is possible for ByteDance and Warner Music to take the opportunity to build more contacts. However, no matter where the relationship between the two parties will go in the capital level, at the business level, the fate of short video and music industry is already inseparable.

　　Maker of divine comedy

　　After nearly ten years of delisting, Warner Music finally made a comeback.

　　As one of the oldest traditional record companies in the world, Warner Music has enjoyed great scenery in the middle and late last century, and its influence has spread all over the world. However, since entering the new century, the company has been frustrated repeatedly and changed owners twice. Although it was successfully listed in 2005, it had to be privatized by Access Industries in 2011 at a price of $8.25 per share (a total of about $3.3 billion) because of its poor performance.

　　The twists and turns of Warner Music are undoubtedly influenced by the rapid development of the Internet after 2000. The rise of digital music and the weak copyright awareness of the audience made piracy once rampant, and the world’s major physical record markets began to shrink. Many established record companies, including Warner Music and Sony, suffered losses for years.

　　However, this time, it almost "killed" the Internet of record companies, and now it has become the basis for its development. According to the data of Warner Music’s prospectus, the company’s operating income rose from 2.966 billion US dollars to 4.475 billion US dollars in fiscal year 2015-2019, of which the revenue of digital music sector in fiscal year 2019 reached 2.343 billion US dollars, an increase of 16% compared with fiscal year 2018, accounting for 2018.

　　Behind the rapid growth of digital music business of music companies, the contribution of short video platform can not be underestimated.

　　In addition to paying the music company a high copyright fee when using the music library, the biggest function of the short video platform is actually "music with goods". Before 2018, Warner Music’s "Fitz the Tantrums" had never been commercially promoted in Asia, but its song "Hand Clap" was used as BGM by a Korean dance company and became popular on TikTok, which quickly made it famous internationally, and the song also topped the international pop charts in six major music markets around the world.

　　With this kind of "unintentional", Warner Music naturally pays more attention to the promotion work on TikTok. Arisha A Yadea, senior vice president in charge of digital marketing, revealed that Warner Music launched a series of promotional activities in 2019 and achieved success. The popularity of Disturbed’s song "Hold on to Memories" increased sharply in TikTok, and the number of short videos created for BGM increased by 100 times.

　　In fact, not only Warner Music, but also many overseas music companies and musicians have felt the charm of short video platforms in recent years. According to Billboard, an American music magazine, the executives of RCA Records Company promptly followed up the official version of the new songs after discovering that their artists’ songs became popular in TikTok, and then even released new versions of many old songs according to the preferences of TikTok users.

　　In another report of Billboard in 2019, it was mentioned that the rapper Sueco the Child became popular on TikTok because of the popular song Fast, which was used as BGM by 2.7 million TikTok videos in a short period of time, and also won more than 7 million plays on Spotify, an overseas music platform, and Sueco was favored by Atlantic Records and won a paper contract.

　　Regarding this trend, Billboard revealed that,Now many record companies and music creators try to analyze how to make these songs popular through TikTok at the birth stage of a song.

　　Compared with European and American music practitioners, China musicians and companies feel the charm of short video platforms earlier.

　　In 2017, "Divine Comedy" and "We Are Different" became popular in Aauto Quicker with the help of various secondary creations, and even went all the way to Southeast Asia. The number of MV broadcasts on the Internet exceeded 100 million; "Take You to Travel" appeared in many "Tik Tok Love Stories" as BGM, and then ranked fourth in the 2017 Netease Cloud Music Hot List; "Tencent Entertainment White Paper 2017" shows that in the TOP10 online songs in 2017, half of the songs became popular through short video transmission …

　　Source: Tencent Entertainment White Paper 2017

　　In the following two years, from "Mimeowing Cats" to "Desert Camel", from "Ear Seed" to "Teenager", the hot songs on Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok became the most magical existence on the Internet.

　　Many old songs have even turned red under the drive of two platforms, such as "On Earth" sung by Wang Jianfang in 2014, which became one of the hottest songs in Aauto Quicker in 2017; "Panama", which was created in 2013, became popular because the clip was intercepted as "C-mile C-mile Dance", and the Baidu index soared. Miriam Yeung’s "First Kiss" and other old Cantonese songs first became popular on the short video platform, and then triggered a second creative craze.

　　For musicians and companies, the popularity of songs on platforms such as TikTok is definitely not limited to the short video field. Because short video content is easier to spread on social platforms, many authoritative views believe that the appearance of popular short video content is easier to help music content spread to different platforms, and then gain more "willingness to pay" and audiences outside the circle-This is not only applicable to online songs, but also to traditional music content.

　　According to this logic, many domestic stars, music companies and short video platforms have reached cooperation, which actually takes a fancy to the user breadth and "circle expansion ability" of these platforms.

　　Take Jay Chou and Jewell Music holding hands with Aauto Quicker as an example. In the outside world’s cognition, it seems that Aauto Quicker wants to expand the influence of the platform and attract new users by taking advantage of the momentum of the king of heaven. Recently, many fans in Jay Chou have said that they have registered Aauto Quicker for Jay Chou; On the other hand, the degree of overlap between Aauto Quicker fans and Jay Chou fans is not so high, which also means that Jay Chou can use the platform to reach out to more young users.

　　"The increase of Jay Chou’s fans is not too fast compared with his coffee spot." A person close to Aauto Quicker revealed to Poison Eyes that the first video released by Jay Chou on Aauto Quicker broke 40 million in three hours, but at that time its total number of fans was only 2.6 million, and it took a week to break 10 million."This is good data among stars, but it is not high compared with the number of fans in Jay Chou, which is lower than many people’s initial expectations."

　　This conclusion is not surprising.

　　Tencent Music Entertainment Group conducted a user survey on the four platforms of the whole network in Q1, 2019. The results show that Jay Chou is the most popular singer among users from the post-60s to the post-90s, but the post-00s group prefers Joker Xue. According to the statistics of Ai Media Data Center, as of Q3 2019, the proportion of young users under the age of 24 in Aauto Quicker is close to 48%, which explains why the enthusiasm of Aauto Quicker users for Jay Chou is not as high as expected. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Joker Xue, who is deeply loved by the post-00 generation, is the most popular male artist in Tik Tok.

　　Source: Tencent Music Entertainment Group

　　From this point of view, no matter what the real reason and purpose of the cooperation between Aauto Quicker and Jewell Music is, Aauto Quicker has the opportunity to attract the attention of more users who love Jay Chou; For Jay Chou, with the spread and channel advantages of short video platform, it can also expand its influence among "diversified young users" as stated in Warner Music’s prospectus.

　　As a result, this is likely to be a win-win cooperation.

　　Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok are more than divine comedy.

　　In the face of huge music traffic, short video platforms are obviously not willing to be only one channel.

　　As more and more musicians and companies pay attention to the short video platform, it seems to be a natural thing to support the platform’s own original music. On January 19, 2018, Tik Tok officially launched the original music function; Six days later, on January 25th, Tik Tok launched the "Seeing" music program to support original musicians, which was the first time that Tik Tok supported original musicians.

　　In the middle of the same year, Aauto Quicker launched the "Musician Plan" and announced that it would give musicians a real share of money. Aauto Quicker’s "musician" certification threshold is not high, the official said that as long as the creator has published an original work in Aauto Quicker, he can become an officially certified musician.

　　The investment in the head platform has indeed returned gratifying results.

　　Tik Tok’s "Seeing Music in 2018" project has attracted 14,000 musicians to participate in it in one year, and received more than 80,000 original music works, which has inspired 150 million users to shoot videos with related music and helped tens of thousands of Tik Tok musicians to promote new works. It was in this year that the modern brothers who had been in the army for four years became famous with the help of Tik Tok, and then they had the opportunity to board various variety shows such as Everyday, Golden Melody Fishing and so on.

　　The tilt of the platform in terms of traffic and resources has also pushed singers to focus on the short video platform from another dimension, and more and more Chinese singers have begun to choose the short video platform as a publicity channel. After 2018, Wu Yifan, Lu Han, Tiger Hu, Guo Caijie and other singers have successively publicized and released new songs in Aauto Quicker or Tik Tok, and Wang Leehom even chose Tik Tok as the exclusive launching platform of the single "Nanjing, Nanjing".

　　For this reason, after entering 2019, the competition in the field of music between Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker will become increasingly fierce.

　　First, the two sides chose to overweight their respective musicians’ support plans. Tik Tok announced the "Seeing Music Plan in 2019" in January, adding interactive rules of cover, and customizing the creative content for music in the form of semi-proposition; In the same year, Aauto Quicker announced that it would jointly launch the "2019 Music Wildfire Plan" with QQ Music, Cool Dog Music, Cool Me Music and National K Songs to support musicians from the aspects of traffic, promotion and realization.

　　"2019 Music Primordial Plan" site

　　"TikTok itself is not a music promotion product, but in the process of users creating and spreading short videos, it has a very significant impact on the promotion of music." In 2019, the person in charge of ByteDance Music Cooperation told Bloomberg Businessweek that in overseas markets, TikTok has also launched plans to support independent musicians in Japan and South Korea, and intends to cooperate with record companies around the world to promote distribution.

　　Another battlefield is the struggle for copyright. For the growing short video platform, it is obviously not enough to rely solely on the song supply of its original musicians. If we lose the right to use part of the trump card copyright, the short video platform is equivalent to cooking without rice. Therefore, the competition between Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker for the copyright owner of the head is becoming more and more fierce.

　　According to media reports, Aauto Quicker and Tencent Music Entertainment Group have reached an in-depth cooperation in copyright. Tencent’s 35 million genuine songs have not only been docked with Aauto Quicker and entered its BGM music library, but also Aauto Quicker’s Aauto Quicker Extreme Edition, Station A, Fast Shadow and Sweet Camera can be used. At the same time, according to 36kr news, Tik Tok and Tencent Music Entertainment Group have reached a music licensing cooperation at the end of 2019.

　　In such a competitive situation, Jay Chou holding hands with Aauto Quicker may just be the beginning of deep cooperation between top singers and short video platforms. According to Poison Eye, although in the evaluation of short video platform, there are few legendary top singers like Jay Chou in the whole industry, on the whole, the platform will continue to introduce some influential top singers and launch more in-depth music project cooperation.

　　In the near future, there is still much room for imagination in the music business on short video platforms, such as online Live.

　　The impact of the epidemic has accelerated the development of online performances, and also enabled the short video platform to open up the chain from music announcement, interaction to online performances. By the end of April, Tik Tok had hosted more than 80 live DOULive broadcasts, in which singers such as Greeny, Wilber Pan, Ar Fi and ELLA participated. Aauto Quicker also co-planned several online concerts with UCCA Ullens Center for Contemporary Art and National Centre for the Performing Arts.

　　In the eyes of many insiders, short video has become an indispensable position in the music industry. On the one hand, users have the opportunity to deeply participate in the process of song consumption, resulting in a large number of secondary creative content including cover, gesture dance, dance, performance and so on; On the other hand, the platform also helps the original songs to be strongly exposed, and to some extent alleviates the situation that the online hot songs "songs are not hot".

　　In addition, the short video platform has reconstructed the whole music ecology, a large number of music companies have risen, and various online hot songs have emerged one after another. Now, there have been many companies that specialize in making divine comedy for the two platforms.

　　The music story among content companies, musicians, broadcast platforms and short video platforms may just begin.

　　References:

　　Tiktok is rewriting how hits get made Source: Billboard

　　Name card/

　　Yu Bin, female, 33 years old, from Panzhihua City. At the age of 3 months, cerebral palsy was caused by pneumonia. At the age of 14, with the help of her parents, she began to learn to read by herself. At the age of 18, she learned to write. In 2010, she joined the Panzhihua Writers Association and was admitted as a member of the Sichuan Writers Association in 2013.

　　On March 10th, Panzhihua, the afternoon sunshine was just right. In a residential area in Bing District 3, warm light came in from the window, and the golden retriever at home dozed off in the corner.

　　Sitting in front of the computer, meditating for a while, Yu Bin stretched out his right hand, struggled to cock his index finger, and struggled to press a few words on the keyboard. In her mind, the hero of the novel seems to be moving in front of her eyes. Such a day is three years in a flash. In three years, with this index finger, she knocked out 470,000 words and became a novel.

　　Previously, she also completed two books: Doubtful Love, published by Writers Publishing House; Love in Heaven, published by Inner Mongolia Publishing Group.

　　At the age of 33, she is a cerebral palsy patient.

　　Cerebral palsy writer/

　　Computer typing is not easy for bin. She wants to control her swaying body, hold the mouse with her very disobedient left hand, free up her slightly obedient right hand, and press the keyboard with one finger … … In this state, nearly 800,000 words of works have been completed.

　　Yu Bin holds the walker and sits on the stool, while his mother Jie Sha sits opposite her. Mother and daughter often sit opposite each other and chat.

　　The activities of Yu Bin’s hands, feet, head and other body parts are hard to control by his brain. Facing the reporter, she seems to have a lot to say, but after talking for a while, the reporter failed to understand. Mother Jie Sha told the reporter of Huaxi Dushi Bao: "What she meant by this sentence was that all her previous works were too monotonous. The book" Grey Star "involved love and crime, and the theme was richer than before." After listening to her daughter, Jie Sha added: "She said that she didn’t feel good enough, and she felt a little nervous."

　　Only mother Jie Sha can understand her words. Her communication with the outside world depends only on her mother as a translator. In this way, she struggled to communicate with the world, felt the warmth and coldness of the world, and accumulated her own materials.

　　On March 26th, her new book "Grey Star" will be signed at the Xinhua Wenxuan Bookstore in Panzhihua. During this time, Yu Bin felt a little uneasy: Will someone come to join us then? Can this book be recognized by everyone?

　　Gray Star, the third book published by Yu Bin, is a novel with 470,000 words. If you only look at the words, it is almost impossible to imagine that the author behind these delicate words is a girl with cerebral palsy who can’t speak normally, can’t walk freely, and doesn’t even go to school for a day. 470 thousand words, all by her right hand, which is not very obedient to her brain, are hard to type out one by one. This book, which she wrote from 2012 to 2015, has been revised five times. The two books she wrote before also exceeded 300,000 words.

　　Compared with her daughter’s nervousness, her mother Sha Jie felt sincerely gratified and happy. When Yu Bin was 3 months old, she suffered from severe pneumonia. Although the doctor pulled her back from the death line, she has been a child with cerebral palsy since then. Some doctors have estimated that she may not live to be 13 years old.

　　Without giving up easily, Jie Sha and her husband took their daughter everywhere for medical advice and massage her every day, breaking the "curse" of "not living beyond 13 years old". When her daughter was 14, Jie Sha began to teach her to read. Besides the language barrier, Yu Bin can’t walk freely. Walking around the house, she needs a walker specially made for her by her father: a circular opening on the top and a small wheel on the bottom to help her move and walk.

　　Yu Bin has never been to school, because no school is willing to accept it, so he has to study at home. But surprisingly, it is such a girl with cerebral palsy who has an unusual literary heart, and her writing is exquisite and rich.

　　13-year-old curse/

　　Yu Bin’s cerebral palsy was caused by severe pneumonia. Other children of the same age are jumping, but the daughter’s legs are soft, and there is no way to stand up, let alone walk. The doctor made it clear to her that if there was a case first, her daughter would probably not live beyond the age of 13.

　　In the afternoon, the sunshine in the room was a little tilted, and the shadow of the golden retriever dragged on. Jie Sha recalled the past of the couple and their daughter for more than 30 years, and suddenly felt a little sad. However, she quickly adjusted her state and made a joke with her daughter.

　　"Death at the age of 13" lies in the fact that Bin was 13 years old. This sentence seems to be like a "curse" that lingers. According to the time, my daughter can’t live past 1996.

　　Jie Sha didn’t believe what the doctor said at first. But there is a neighbor around him. His son also suffered from cerebral palsy and left in his teens. But the couple are very stubborn and unwilling. Can the daughter really only live to be 13 years old? After deliberation, the couple thought that it was impossible to leave things to chance.

　　Yu Bin lacks exercise and his muscles atrophy. In order to help her recover, the couple worked out a plan: Yu Jun picked up her daughter from her shoulder, and Jie Sha massaged her daughter’s feet and let her walk on the ground, so as to help her exercise her leg muscles every day.

　　At that time, the couple still had an idea. If the daughter really wants to leave at the age of 13, then let her eat better and play better. As workers in Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company, their income is not high, but as long as they have holidays, the couple will travel with Yu Bin on their backs. Dad’s back is tired, so mom will carry it.

　　Once, the couple took Yu Bin to Chengdu. Yu Bin said that she had never eaten western food, and the couple found a hotel, but found that western food here was very expensive. "Expensive is expensive, you can’t let your daughter come for nothing." Jie Sha said, so the family told the waiter that they were not hungry, and only ordered a western food for their daughter to eat alone.

　　In 1996, Yu Bin was 13 years old, which was the most difficult year in the couple’s life. In this year, they were all living in fear.

　　1996 passed quickly. Happily, what the doctor said then did not come true. The couple were relieved and thanked God for not taking away their daughter.

　　The road to literature/

　　At the age of 14, with the help of his parents, Yu Bin began to learn to read by himself. At the age of 18, he began to try to write. After a live composition, God opened another window for her … …

　　Time goes by day, and Yu Bin is growing up day by day. Mother Jie Sha also thought about sending her daughter to school, but no school would accept her.

　　At the age of 14, when Yu Bin saw the subtitles displayed on TV, he often asked: What does this mean and what does that mean?

　　Shajie thought, maybe we can teach her to read. So, she cut some cards by herself, on which were written words such as father and mother. First, teach my daughter the pronunciation and usage of these words separately, and then mix the cards into a pile for her daughter to distinguish. Yu Bin seems to have a unique talent for writing, and she soon learned the above words. After that, by reading magazines and books, Yu Bin’s writing level was further improved.

　　At the age of 18, Yu Bin was given a computer by her grandparents. Jie Sha stopped the teacher who came to help install the computer. She said that her daughter wanted to learn computers, and she asked him to teach her how to use the computer.

　　The master glanced at Yu Bin and expressed great surprise: "Your daughter looks like a fool and still wants to learn computers?"

　　Jie Sha brimming with tears, politely off the computer master. She managed to find five roots and some computer introductory books for her daughter to teach herself. Yu Bin is very competitive, thinking for himself and memorizing his own roots. Because her hands are not strong enough, she often stands in front of the computer for hours, and the radical table is turned over.

　　A year later, Yu Bin has been able to skillfully use computers and likes to write short stories. Jie Sha thought her daughter’s writing was good, so she took her to the local radio station to contribute, but she didn’t want to, and it was really adopted. When listening to the story written by her daughter and playing it on the radio with music, Jie Sha’s eyes were moist.

　　Sha Jie took her daughter to contribute to the local newspaper. After seeing the words written by Yu Bin, many people expressed doubts: Is this really written by her? Jie Sha asked Yu Bin to write on the spot, which shocked everyone at the scene. At that time, under the advice and guidance of teacher Pan Puzhou, the editor of the newspaper, Yu Bin compiled the previously published words into the first book "Doubtful Love" and embarked on the road of literature.

　　Know people by reading literature/

　　It is hard to imagine that a weak woman who has never been to school, can’t stand, can’t walk by herself, and has suffered from cerebral palsy since childhood has written such a work. Every word and punctuation in this book embodies Yu Bin’s sweat. In my years of editing career, there is no second person like Yu Bin.

　　— — Pan Puzhou, a Panzhihua writer, spends more than 10 hours writing every day, which makes Yu Bin’s thin legs suffer from varicose veins. Pain and typing fatigue make this seemingly weak little girl very happy. Literature has brought her not only a few stories and poems, but also a different self, and she can experience the melodious music of life in the words.

　　— — Writer a feng

　　Text excerpt/

　　Or the sad music you love, telling the beautiful experience; You and my melody are always humming in my heart and have never been forgotten by me. It’s still the words you said, striving for the deepest memory in this life; A little bit of you is my secret book, accompanying me to write a sweet ending.

　　Two months in many people’s life journey, perhaps just a small intersection. Most people will rush past these obscure intersections, go forward, turn left, turn right or go back to their original place. And I met, knew and left a middle-aged man named Cheng Wensen in two months when I was 29 years old.

　　(Yu Bin: Excerpt from Grey Star)

CCTV News:In recent years, the momentum of the rapid expansion of off-campus training courses has not diminished, with students ranging from middle school students, primary school students to preschool children, among which subject training courses are particularly popular. In some big cities, more and more parents are involved in a battle called "Chicken Baby".

Here, "chicken" has changed from a noun to a verb, which means to "give the child chicken blood""Keep arranging extracurricular classes for children and keep taking off-campus exams. It seems that everything has naturally moved from school to off-campus. What is the original intention of parents?

In recent days, a series of exams from an off-campus training institution are being rolled out in some cities all over the country. The exams are aimed at students from kindergarten middle class to fifth grade in primary school. The subjects are Chinese, mathematics and English, and the exam methods are mainly online.Students who register for their summer and autumn classes this year should be selected and stratified. According to their grades, they will enter different classes from low to high difficulty.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:Our system is divided into three parts: excellent system, innovative system and interest system. In the preliminary round, diligence and sensitivity can be offered to every child in front of the screen.

This exam has aroused parents’ increasing concern and heated discussion. In some parents’ groups, everyone exchanged experiences and lamented the difficulty of the topic to see whose child was admitted to the highest class, and its fiery degree even far exceeded any in-school exam.

Mr. Wang, the candidate’s parents: My child took the exam from grade four to grade five. I can still do it at the initial test. I can’t answer many questions in the second test for a short time. I doubt how I got into the university myself.

Mr. Wang said that it is such an exam that the test difficulty is much higher than the school level. When the registration was released in early March this year, it was necessary to grab the quota.

Candidates’ parents, Mr. Wang:I grabbed the opportunity when I made up the second batch of newspapers, and I set the alarm clock at 12 noon.

Some parents told reporters in the interview that the reason why they want to participate in the selection of training courses is that they hope to skip the "allocation" and enter their favorite quality schools.

Reporter:What is the original intention and purpose of giving classes to children?

Parents of primary school students:I can’t help it. It’s like this now. If you don’t learn Olympic Mathematics, you will have no choice at the beginning of your junior high school!

Reporter:Isn’t it assigned?

Parents of primary school students:Yes, it is, but it will be too late for you to wait until you are assigned, and the selection has already been made before.

"early training" grabs opportunities, and the institution "going to school" creates anxiety.

As early as 2014, the Ministry of Education initiated the reform of compulsory education, and clarified the principle of "school enrollment and students’ enrollment nearby". But at the same time, a small number of high-quality schools are still allowed to carry out the "experimental project of early training of extraordinary children", that is, "early training". In the investigation, the reporter found that these training paths, which were originally designed for a very small number of truly gifted children, have become business opportunities for off-campus training institutions, and parents and children have been dragged in one after another.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:Now, the Education Commission has explicitly banned participation in that kind of cup, but there are still some. The cup that used to be a show has now become this camp, that camp, camp events and so on. Going to the camp is to take this kind of exam.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:Moreover, they sometimes refer to our grades when they are "trained early" and when they take exams.They will look at this when they choose, so I told you that no matter whether we think high or learn to think, you must take the large-scale exam as long as you are notified.

Some parents report that staff of off-campus training institutions often teach them "the classics of entering a higher school", suggesting that some schools have expanded the scope of "early training" or "recruit" high-quality students in their eyes, so long as they participate in their various "selections", they may be selected by middle schools. Because public schools reduce the burden, students’ test scores are not well differentiated, so their scores can be used as a basis.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:Look at your resume. Is it beautiful or not? If your resume is beautiful, you are nothing more than taking part in any cup and any exam. For example, both children got 100 points in the exam, but in English, he got the FCE (Cambridge First English Certificate Examination) certificate, and you got the PET (Cambridge English Elementary Examination) certificate. People will definitely want FCE. Now if you take English classes after class, you don’t have to learn school English.

Taking the test score scale officially released by Cambridge English General Test as a benchmark, we can see that KET corresponds to the domestic junior high school English level, PET corresponds to the domestic senior high school English level, and FCE is equivalent to IELTS score of 5.5— 7.0 points, reaching the level of studying abroad.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:A child came that day, anyway, he was very young, so he said that KET had passed, and then he had to prepare PET.

The introduction of other people’s children by training institutions is the most exciting thing for parents. In this way, many parents are involved in the ranks of English proficiency tests. In Shanghai, in order to compete for a KET/PET exam place, the registration fee for the exam was scrambled from 500 yuan to 4,000 yuan. In Beijing, it is a success to get an exam place in a foreign province and city.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:Last year, another one of us went to Hunan to take the exam.

Staff of an off-campus training institution:We still have people going to Yunnan here, so we’ll be satisfied if we grab them. Just take our children for a few days and take a two-day leave.

The chaos of off-campus training is frequent, and "shadow training" has a great influence.

Parents flooded into off-campus training and invested a lot of money and energy in order to win the "stepping stone" of a high-quality prestigious school with their beautiful resumes. The reporter learned that this "resume anxiety" has spread from the early stage of junior high school to preschool children in the early stage of junior high school.

Among some parents, there are many parents of preschool children sharing their experiences. I heard that some primary schools have also set up experimental classes for teaching reform, commonly known as "early training". They hope to enter this system through preschool training. The reporter’s investigation found that all major off-campus training institutions have launched advanced training for preschool children.

Customer service of an off-campus training institution:(Kindergarten small class) Mathematics is about learning seven abilities, learning mathematical sense, logical thinking ability, cultivating his spatial imagination, logical reasoning, etc. This is a mathematics subject, and then he will speak some reading comprehension of Chinese, learn simple articles for children to listen to, etc., as well as English, mainly starting from 26 English letters, and simple vocabulary.

Many parents will prepare resumes for their children to participate in the "early training". In a parent group, the reporter saw two resumes of preschool children. The first child can not only complete the mixed operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division within 100, but also attend the innovative class with the highest olympiad number in an institution. He also passed the English Cambridge KET exam and learned 2000 Chinese characters, even though he did not pass the sea election. Another child with a basic level passed the sea election, and the reason is that the latter one got 145 in the IQ test of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

According to the method of group friends’ guidance, the reporter found the WeChat WeChat official account of "Zhongke Extraordinary Children", clicked on the appointment, and saw that the number had been fully booked by the end of May.

Reporter:I want to ask how old children can we test?

Staff of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences:Over 5 years old, 130 points is extraordinary. From March to July now, it is the peak season. Many parents made an appointment two or three months in advance. In the past two years, after the IQ test was approved by the early training, there were many people who made an appointment.

Behind all kinds of off-campus training chaos, a large number of brushing questions and exam-taking skills have also become one of the main aspects of criticism. For example, in a class of "cube dismantling", the teacher directly summed up the problem-solving skills of how to judge that "the unfolded diagram of a cube cannot be formed" as "there is no field, no concave and no big right angle". Students know why, but they don’t know why, so they can answer the questions by mechanical memory. In a Chinese class in a training institution, the teacher even stylized writing and summed up the writing skills of "having images".

Zhang Yu, Vice President of Tsinghua University Education Research Institute:Extracurricular remedial classes also have a name, which is called "shadow education" in academic circles. It is like the shadow of formal education, because the existence of extracurricular remedial classes exists for students to achieve better performance in formal education, but I think it is actually not a shadow, it is another system, and it has actually seriously affected our formal education.

As early as 2018, the state has made it clear that it is resolutely forbidden to take exams, exceed the standard, advance training and be linked to enrollment. However, we can see that under the various packages of training institutions, advanced training is still active, and more and more parents and children are involved. In order to end the chaos in the off-campus training market, the fundamental solution is to block the entrance selection of high-quality schools by disguised examinations and competitions, and cut off the connection between off-campus training institutions and enrollment in primary and secondary schools.

　　On December 25th, 2016, the 9th China Polar Bear International Winter Swimming Invitational Tournament was held in the frozen Ganhe River in Jiagedaqi District of Daxing ‘anling region. The picture shows the contestants jumping into the water. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Kaishe

　　"Cold winter" is the coldest season of the year. As the saying goes, "La Qi La Ba, frozen chin", the twelfth lunar month is in the cold winter. At this time, proper physical exercise and proper health care can not only relieve fatigue, but also make the body healthier.

　　Exercise in winter is essential.

　　Every winter, the winter swimming area of Nanhu Park in Changchun, Jilin Province is very lively, and there are often winter swimmers who are full of energy and swim in the "ice and snow".

　　Wu Zhaorui, an 88-year-old, has participated in winter swimming for more than 20 years. "Come every day, we don’t catch a cold, we don’t fear the cold, and we still swim in winter." Speaking of winter swimming, he seems very confident.

　　"Scientific winter swimming brings physical, life and spiritual benefits to winter swimmers, and the benefits of winter swimming have been recognized and accepted by more and more people." Mr. Ma, a winter swimmer in Hubei, talks about winter swimming with a clear head. "Winter swimming is very particular. To talk about science, every minute is the key. According to each person’s physical fitness, we should properly master the swimming volume."

　　In fact, besides winter swimming, there are many sports suitable for winter. According to health experts, aerobic exercise with smaller movement range and higher calorie consumption should be selected for winter exercise. Weibo, the official of People’s Daily, once counted nine sports suitable for winter, including skipping rope, jogging, climbing stairs, Tai Ji Chuan, alternating running, badminton, swimming, cycling and walking.

　　In addition, the passionate ice and snow sports have become the winter exercise items for more and more people. In recent years, ice and snow sports are heating up all over the country, and skating and skiing have become a winter carnival for many people.

　　Winter sports have many benefits.

　　There is a folk saying in China: "If you move in winter, you will have less illness;" Be lazy in winter and drink a bowl of medicine. " Proper participation in sports in winter is self-evident.

　　According to health experts, winter exercise can speed up the body’s metabolism. When the body is stimulated by cold, it will increase the antibodies against diseases in the blood, and the body’s resistance to diseases will also increase. Therefore, people who insist on exercising in winter are less likely to suffer from diseases such as colds, bronchitis and pneumonia.

　　There are many benefits of winter sports. For office workers, winter exercise can speed up blood circulation, increase the supply of oxygen to the brain and enhance the elasticity of blood vessels. This can eliminate the fatigue of the brain caused by long-term work and improve work efficiency; For the elderly, outdoor exercise in winter can fully enjoy the sunshine, promote the body’s absorption of calcium, and effectively prevent osteoporosis; For bodybuilders, when the warm body touches cold air or inhales cold air, the calories burned by exercise will increase slightly, so the effect of losing weight in winter exercise is better.

　　Of course, although there are many benefits of exercising in winter, we should pay attention to some problems. "In winter, the weather is cold. Generally speaking, it is best to exercise when the cold gradually fades after sunrise." Dr. Theway, from the Massage Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said, "We should pay attention to minimizing outdoor sports in foggy days."

　　Pay attention to health in winter

　　Chinese medicine pays attention to "spring life, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage". "Winter is March, which is called hiding". Winter is the season when vitality lurks and everything stings and hides. Li Yanling, director of the Nutrition Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, pointed out that the purpose of beginning of winter’s tonic is to preserve the yang of the human body, keep the body warm, nourish yin and subdue yang. Nursing should be combined with food supplement and medicine supplement, with warm supplement and flat supplement as appropriate. You can choose chicken, mutton, pears, chestnuts and other foods, and eat more foods containing inorganic salts such as potassium, sodium and calcium.

　　Pay more attention to hydration in winter health. Dr. Li from Changchun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine said that the warm room in winter will be drier and people will lose more water. Being in such an environment for a long time, the body is naturally prone to dehydration. At the same time, Dr. Li pointed out that the most important thing in winter health care is to go to bed early. Adequate sleep should be ensured in winter health preservation, which is beneficial to the hidden yang and the accumulation of yin and body fluid.

　　Winter is a season suitable for "tonic", but "tonic" depends not only on eating, but also on moxibustion. Jin Xiaoqing, chief physician of acupuncture department of Zhejiang Hospital, said that when the cold current comes in winter, some people with weak body can play a role in cold resistance and health care through warm "winter moxibustion", that is, moxibustion.

　　Our reporter Wang Meng